WEBVTT 00:00.710 --> 00:01.880 Hello, my name is Stephan. 00:01.880 --> 00:06.470 And in this lecture of our course, you will learn about the heat command in Linux. 00:06.470 --> 00:07.880 So let's get started. 00:20.970 --> 00:25.370 So the heat command prints the first lines of a file. 00:25.380 --> 00:29.700 So to print the first four lines of our auxiliary. 00:30.540 --> 00:37.650 With here auxiliary text file with heat, we can use the option n so heat n for. 00:39.170 --> 00:41.870 And four and Oxley here. 00:42.080 --> 00:46.790 And as you can see here, we printed first four lines of our Oxley text file. 00:46.790 --> 00:54.940 So if you request more file more lines than the file contains the heat prints, the full file like keta. 00:54.950 --> 01:02.210 So if you here, let's actually open and as you can see, we have we have six lines here so we write 01:02.210 --> 01:03.950 it like that and. 01:04.740 --> 01:09.000 11, then it will just print the six lines here. 01:09.000 --> 01:17.330 So it will print whole file so he can also read from the STD in four mile pipeline fun. 01:17.340 --> 01:24.840 So a common use is to reduce the output from the another command when you don't care to see all of it. 01:24.840 --> 01:33.450 So like a long directory listing, for example, let's list the first five file names in the bin directory 01:33.450 --> 01:33.660 here. 01:33.660 --> 01:38.070 So or let's actually 15 file names in the bin directory. 01:38.070 --> 01:42.120 So bin hit and it's going to be. 01:42.910 --> 01:43.600 15. 01:43.600 --> 01:48.250 And as you can see, we printed the first 15 lines in the bind directory. 01:48.280 --> 01:51.000 We also have the cut command. 01:51.010 --> 01:56.020 So the cut command prints one or more columns for a file, for example. 01:56.410 --> 01:57.220 Let's actually here. 01:57.220 --> 01:57.820 So. 01:58.650 --> 02:06.270 Let's print all titles from the auxiliary file which appear in the here, for example. 02:06.870 --> 02:11.010 Cut F2 and Oxley here. 02:11.010 --> 02:13.200 And as you can see, we got this here. 02:13.200 --> 02:17.630 So cut provides two ways to define what columns. 02:17.640 --> 02:21.720 So the first is to cut by field F here. 02:21.720 --> 02:28.500 So this f when the input consists of string fields, each separated by a single tab character. 02:28.500 --> 02:34.170 So conveniently, this is exactly the format of a file of Oxley here. 02:34.170 --> 02:39.810 So the preceding cut command prints the second field of each file. 02:39.810 --> 02:43.710 So if we write it like that one here or. 02:45.260 --> 02:48.440 F3 and as you can see here. 02:48.440 --> 02:50.690 So we can also do that like that here. 02:52.410 --> 02:54.460 Here and let's run it again. 02:54.480 --> 02:59.610 And as you can see here, we got a different output. 02:59.850 --> 03:08.910 So to shorten the output, we can also use the pipe it to heat the print only the first three lines 03:08.910 --> 03:10.860 and so on. 03:10.860 --> 03:17.760 So now let's actually use the grep command in our Linux command training here. 03:17.760 --> 03:24.270 So grep is an extremely powerful command, but for now I will hide most of its capabilities and say 03:24.270 --> 03:27.660 it prints the lines that match a given string. 03:27.660 --> 03:32.010 So for example, let's like it here grep. 03:33.550 --> 03:36.550 Oxley and Oxley here. 03:36.550 --> 03:41.020 So Oxley is a text file, so let's actually change it from the UI here. 03:41.050 --> 03:47.590 Oxley dot txt for if you are if some of you are Windows users, you will understand that this is a text 03:47.590 --> 03:48.340 file here. 03:48.340 --> 03:53.940 But for Linux it's actually text files is not stored with a txt file here, so they are just stored 03:53.950 --> 03:54.970 a plain file. 03:54.970 --> 04:02.320 So here oxley dot txt and as you can see here we got all the grabbed all the Oxley here so. 04:03.360 --> 04:09.720 For example, the command displays lines from Oxley that contain the Oxley string here. 04:09.720 --> 04:13.500 So you can also print lines that don't match a given string. 04:13.500 --> 04:21.990 So with the V option here, so grep V, Oxley, oops, Oxley and Oxley dot txt. 04:23.580 --> 04:25.260 This lines here. 04:25.260 --> 04:29.640 As you can see here, we will execute all of the Oxley commands here. 04:29.640 --> 04:37.890 So in general grep is useful for finding text in a collection of files and we can also use command prints, 04:37.890 --> 04:48.300 the lines that contain the string perl in with the names ending here txt for example grep grep, Oxley, 04:48.510 --> 04:51.810 Oxley and txt in a bin here. 04:51.810 --> 04:53.280 So we are not in a bin. 04:53.400 --> 05:00.150 So in this case grep here, let's actually go to bin here cd, cd bin. 05:00.150 --> 05:01.730 We can also write it like that. 05:01.860 --> 05:06.660 Give grep python and txt. 05:07.110 --> 05:08.670 I don't think we're going to have here. 05:08.670 --> 05:13.350 As you can see here, we don't have any python here, so. 05:15.390 --> 05:22.860 And in this case, um, if you have a python here, the grep will fund a matching lines like it did 05:22.860 --> 05:25.700 in the here and print it on the screen. 05:25.740 --> 05:29.940 So we also have the sort command. 05:29.940 --> 05:36.660 So actually let's clear this clear and the sort command reorders the lines of a file into a scanning 05:36.660 --> 05:38.070 order by default. 05:38.070 --> 05:41.220 So you can also change the the scanning or other orders here. 05:41.220 --> 05:50.010 So for example, sort Oxley dot txt and that's not sort here sort. 05:51.430 --> 05:53.390 Sort so you cannot read it. 05:53.410 --> 05:56.890 No such file or directory because we are on a bin directory. 05:56.890 --> 05:59.140 So we're going to go to home here. 05:59.170 --> 06:00.640 Home Kali. 06:00.880 --> 06:10.210 Kali and less clear so sort Oxley dot txt and as you can see here it will sort our file. 06:10.210 --> 06:11.680 So let's actually edit file. 06:11.680 --> 06:14.680 So make it a little more visible like this for example. 06:15.190 --> 06:15.730 Write it. 06:15.730 --> 06:16.690 Apple. 06:16.690 --> 06:17.290 Apple. 06:17.320 --> 06:20.170 BMW Computer. 06:21.170 --> 06:21.890 A zebra. 06:23.540 --> 06:26.840 Windows Linux and here. 06:26.840 --> 06:29.030 So now we're going to write it like that. 06:29.030 --> 06:34.640 And as you can see, Apple, BMW, Computer, Linux, Windows and lastly Zebra. 06:34.640 --> 06:40.190 So it will write it our lines with it, uh, with ascending order. 06:40.190 --> 06:41.420 So this is by default. 06:41.420 --> 06:47.120 So if you want to change it, uh, like this, for example, sort from the descending order. 06:47.300 --> 06:50.210 So you're going to write it like that are here. 06:50.210 --> 06:56.720 So as you can see here first is Zebra, Windows, Linux, Computer, BMW, and lastly A here, which 06:56.720 --> 06:57.860 is Apple here. 06:58.940 --> 07:08.450 So the sort here can order the lines alphabetically by default or numerically with the N option here. 07:08.450 --> 07:16.760 So for example, if we write like that, it's actually let's write it here numbers or actually let's 07:16.760 --> 07:33.290 write something like 2002, 2023, 2009, 2010, 2015, 2024, 2025 and 1098 here. 07:33.290 --> 07:34.760 So write it like that. 07:34.760 --> 07:40.640 And after that we're going to use the, for example, cut here, cut. 07:41.540 --> 07:46.910 So I will demonstrate this with the pipelines that cut the third field in the animals. 07:46.910 --> 07:48.710 So this here, for example. 07:49.490 --> 07:56.660 In the in this case it's going to six here cut f6 oxalate in the oxalate and as you can see we got this 07:56.660 --> 08:05.720 here so let's actually make it like that cut 1F1 and as you can see, we got an same output here. 08:06.050 --> 08:19.130 So now we're going to use that cut F3 animals, animals dot txt after we're going to sort this with 08:19.130 --> 08:21.140 this and and oops. 08:23.040 --> 08:24.270 Oops, not animals here. 08:24.270 --> 08:26.160 It's going to be Oxley here. 08:26.160 --> 08:32.250 So Oxley TXT and as you can see here, we sorted it within the ascending here. 08:32.250 --> 08:42.240 So the first 98 to 9, ten, 15, 23, 24 and 25, but we actually it quite opposite here. 08:42.240 --> 08:48.180 So we started, we ended with 98 and as you can see here, we ended with top numbers. 08:48.180 --> 08:54.840 But first we rated it with the ascending order here and as you can see here, so we can also write it 08:54.990 --> 08:59.340 the scanning order by adding after end, we can also add R here. 08:59.340 --> 09:01.470 So it will write the scanning order. 09:01.470 --> 09:07.200 And as you can see, first we've written the highest number and then it got two from the highest windows 09:07.200 --> 09:07.380 here. 09:07.380 --> 09:09.090 And as you can see here, this is it. 09:09.120 --> 09:17.730 So if you write like that sort and R Oxley dot txt, it will write exactly the same output like this. 09:17.730 --> 09:20.130 So we also have. 09:21.290 --> 09:22.700 The unique command. 09:23.540 --> 09:24.500 Not unique here. 09:24.500 --> 09:25.410 So unique here. 09:25.430 --> 09:26.410 Just unique. 09:26.420 --> 09:28.610 So this unique command. 09:28.640 --> 09:32.330 The texts repeated a jacking lines in a file. 09:32.330 --> 09:35.360 So by default it it removes the repeat. 09:35.370 --> 09:41.690 So here for example, let's add some lines that has same outputs for example. 09:42.900 --> 09:43.920 I'm here. 09:45.270 --> 09:45.550 Oops. 09:46.260 --> 09:46.830 Let's open. 09:46.830 --> 09:50.190 Yeah, let's add some lines. 09:50.190 --> 09:55.800 So let's add Linux twice or three here, windows here. 09:57.160 --> 09:57.410 Oops. 09:57.850 --> 09:58.600 Here. 10:02.980 --> 10:03.580 Here. 10:03.580 --> 10:09.220 So now let's demonstrate here for example, Cat Oxley dot TXT. 10:09.230 --> 10:11.080 And as you can see, we got this here. 10:11.080 --> 10:15.730 So we will use the unique Oxley dot TXT. 10:15.730 --> 10:23.980 And as you can see here, we are not showing the same outputs again and again like this here. 10:23.980 --> 10:31.960 So notice that uniquely use the first three lines to here single in Linux here. 10:32.230 --> 10:38.740 And as you can see here, we got just one Linux, but here we also have two windows, we got one windows 10:38.740 --> 10:43.780 and after that we are just seeing one windows per line. 10:43.780 --> 10:46.390 And after that we are seeing another here. 10:46.390 --> 10:49.330 So we can also use the for example. 10:51.500 --> 10:58.430 Print the gray hour lines with the cut here. 10:58.430 --> 10:59.960 So cut. 11:00.830 --> 11:02.240 Auxiliary text here. 11:02.240 --> 11:04.730 So and we will also that sort. 11:04.970 --> 11:17.240 And here we will use the sort and unique see here sort and are and after that heat here and one and 11:17.240 --> 11:20.420 as you can see we just got five Linux here.