WEBVTT 00:00.910 --> 00:07.270 When you log into the system and reach the shell command prompt, you are usually placed in your home 00:07.270 --> 00:08.650 directory like this. 00:08.830 --> 00:13.660 Often you will want to explore other areas in the Linux system besides just your home directory, of 00:13.660 --> 00:13.900 course. 00:13.900 --> 00:19.690 So this lecture you will learn how to do that using the shell commands. 00:19.870 --> 00:24.910 To start, you need to take a tour of just the Linux file system looks like. 00:24.910 --> 00:25.690 So you know. 00:25.690 --> 00:27.280 Where are you going? 00:27.310 --> 00:29.950 My name is Stephan and let's get started. 00:43.180 --> 00:49.710 So if you are new to Linux system, you may be confused by how it references files and directories, 00:49.720 --> 00:54.890 especially if you are used to the way that the Microsoft Windows operating system does that. 00:54.910 --> 01:01.450 So before exploring the Linux system, it helps to have an understanding of what's laid out. 01:01.450 --> 01:07.930 So the first difference you will notice in the Linux does not use the drive letters in the path names. 01:08.050 --> 01:15.130 So in Windows world, the partitions on physical drives installed on the computer determine the path 01:15.130 --> 01:16.170 name of the file. 01:16.180 --> 01:18.250 So Windows assigns a letter. 01:18.790 --> 01:25.840 Windows assigns a letter to each physical disk drive partition, and each one contains its own directory 01:25.840 --> 01:28.250 structure for accessing files stored on it. 01:28.270 --> 01:38.620 So for example, Windows, maybe you use the sync files like C drive D drive in Windows and the Windows 01:38.620 --> 01:48.290 file path tells you exactly which physical disk partition contains the file named for example test dot. 01:49.860 --> 01:52.140 The text here to. 01:55.060 --> 01:57.720 T x t here. 01:57.760 --> 02:04.720 So for example, if you save the text dot txt on the flash drive, for example, in this case it's the 02:04.720 --> 02:15.160 flash drive D here the C needed by the letter D, the file path would be like d here and test. 02:16.750 --> 02:21.600 Test dot t x t here. 02:23.390 --> 02:24.770 Let's actually make it look the. 02:28.010 --> 02:29.780 Test.txt. 02:38.760 --> 02:42.630 So this is not the method in the used by Linux, obviously. 02:42.630 --> 02:46.020 So this is just a Windows method that I wanted to show you here. 02:46.560 --> 02:49.530 So the virtual directory contains the file path. 02:49.530 --> 02:52.500 So firstly, the Linux here. 02:52.530 --> 02:53.940 This is the Linux file system. 02:53.940 --> 03:02.400 The Linux file system stores files with a single directory structure here. 03:03.060 --> 03:12.930 So this structure called virtual directory, the virtual directory directory contains file paths from 03:12.930 --> 03:19.070 all the storage devices installed on the computer, merged into a single directory structure. 03:19.080 --> 03:26.010 So here you will notice that the Linux uses the forward slashes like this instead of a backward slash 03:26.340 --> 03:29.100 like windows to denote the directories in file path. 03:29.100 --> 03:37.320 So the backward slash character in Linux denotes an escape character and causes all sorts of problems. 03:37.320 --> 03:39.460 When you use it in a file path. 03:39.460 --> 03:46.180 So this is this might take some time to getting used to even if you are coming from the Windows environment. 03:46.180 --> 03:53.170 So in Linux you will see the path names, for example, the root home. 03:54.380 --> 03:59.840 Uh, and in home, for example, we, we we can have the documents here. 03:59.960 --> 04:01.220 Documents? 04:04.010 --> 04:11.120 And in docs we have we may have the, for example, test.txt. 04:13.370 --> 04:15.070 The X team. 04:15.590 --> 04:18.260 So this year. 04:19.680 --> 04:21.570 Uh, it's not like, uh, windows, right? 04:21.570 --> 04:29.250 So, uh, firstly, you come from the root home, then docs directory and then finally file here. 04:29.250 --> 04:37.560 So this indicates that the file test.txt in the directory is documents under the directory home which 04:37.560 --> 04:39.990 is contained in the directory home. 04:39.990 --> 04:48.450 So obviously in the home here you will have the some user here and then the the directories here. 04:48.450 --> 04:55.950 So the tricky part about the Linux virtual directory is how it incorporates each storage device. 04:55.950 --> 05:01.860 So the first harddrive installed in a Linux system is called the root drive here. 05:02.430 --> 05:08.430 So on the root drive, Linux can use special directories as a mount points. 05:08.520 --> 05:15.180 So mount points are directories in the virtual directory where you can assign additional storage devices 05:15.180 --> 05:22.540 so Linux houses, files and directories to appear within this Mount Point directories here. 05:22.840 --> 05:29.140 Um, and even though they are physically stored on a different drive, so often systems files are physically 05:29.140 --> 05:30.850 stored on the root drive here. 05:30.850 --> 05:38.170 So usually typically stored on the separate drives or users in Linux.