WEBVTT 00:00.850 --> 00:01.270 Hello. 00:01.270 --> 00:02.920 Welcome to another lecture of our course. 00:02.920 --> 00:09.610 In this lecture you will learn about how to handle, create, modify and delete files so the shell provides 00:09.610 --> 00:12.850 many file manipulation commands on the Linux file system. 00:12.850 --> 00:18.970 This lecture we will walk through the basic commands and the basic shell commands you need to handle 00:18.970 --> 00:19.510 files. 00:19.510 --> 00:20.740 So let's get started. 00:20.740 --> 00:21.490 My name is Stefan. 00:21.490 --> 00:23.470 Welcome to another lecture of our course. 00:34.960 --> 00:40.180 Every once in a while you run into a situation where you need to create an empty file. 00:40.210 --> 00:47.080 For example, sometimes applications accept a log file to be present before they can write to it. 00:47.110 --> 00:53.290 In these situations, you can use the touch command to easily create an empty file. 00:53.290 --> 00:59.020 In order to do that, for example, touch and my test file here. 00:59.020 --> 01:01.840 And as you can see here, we create a touch my test file. 01:01.840 --> 01:06.700 So the touch command creates the new file. 01:06.700 --> 01:12.310 You specify and assigns your username as the file owner like this. 01:12.310 --> 01:17.110 So as you can see, my username is the file owner and my machine is Kali here. 01:17.680 --> 01:26.980 So notice in this example that the file size is zero because the touch command just created an empty 01:27.010 --> 01:31.210 file so that touch command can also be used to change modification time. 01:31.210 --> 01:34.580 So this is done without changing the file contents. 01:34.580 --> 01:44.150 So we will do for example, and as you can see here, 313 and and as you can see, this is 313 now. 01:44.150 --> 01:51.740 So let's create again and my test file two and here LSL Clear. 01:52.070 --> 01:57.350 LSL And as you can see here, these have different times. 01:57.350 --> 02:00.350 They also created a time frames so. 02:04.620 --> 02:05.040 Yeah. 02:05.040 --> 02:12.870 And actually, if you if you want to update this file like this so you can also write test file, write 02:12.870 --> 02:15.030 the same name and. 02:16.230 --> 02:20.490 And as you can see here, we updated file time here. 02:20.490 --> 02:26.460 So creating empty files and altering file temp steps is not something you will do on a Linux system 02:26.460 --> 02:27.030 daily. 02:27.060 --> 02:32.420 However, copying files is an action you will do often while using Shell. 02:32.430 --> 02:35.070 So let's get started with copying files here. 02:35.070 --> 02:40.050 So copying files and directories from one location in the file system to another is a common practice 02:40.050 --> 02:41.850 for system administrators. 02:41.850 --> 02:44.760 So the CP command provides this feature. 02:44.760 --> 02:46.470 It is most basic form. 02:46.470 --> 02:52.160 The CP command uses two parameters, so two parameters. 02:52.170 --> 02:54.750 The first parameter is that CP. 02:56.230 --> 02:58.130 Is the source object. 02:58.130 --> 03:02.030 So in this case, we're going to firstly assign source. 03:02.630 --> 03:06.110 And after that, we will enter the destination. 03:06.930 --> 03:08.400 Destination. 03:13.080 --> 03:23.790 So here, when both source and destinations are parameters or file names, the CP command copies the 03:23.790 --> 03:27.060 source file to a new destination file. 03:27.820 --> 03:34.420 So the new file acts like a brand new file and with an updated modification time. 03:34.420 --> 03:37.230 So for example, let's do following here. 03:37.240 --> 03:40.380 LSL And here we have my test file. 03:40.390 --> 03:40.990 My test file. 03:41.170 --> 03:48.700 So let's copy my test file to the same location, but change the name to test here. 03:48.700 --> 03:50.710 Test file. 03:50.710 --> 03:53.490 Yeah, test file and let's do it. 03:53.500 --> 03:57.280 So we're going to do in order to do that, we're going to do my test file. 03:57.310 --> 03:59.950 Firstly, we're going to enter the source here. 03:59.950 --> 04:05.770 So my test file and after that we're going to enter the destination. 04:05.770 --> 04:08.380 And as you can see, the destination is going to be this. 04:08.380 --> 04:11.020 So destination is going to be test file. 04:11.740 --> 04:19.930 And here, oops, clear and L and here, as you can see here. 04:21.340 --> 04:22.930 We have a test file. 04:22.930 --> 04:27.730 The new with the new timestamp 315. 04:28.030 --> 04:33.790 But here, as you can see here, whenever we copied this, this also created a new timestamp. 04:33.790 --> 04:40.180 But the as you can see here, but the size and their contents should be the same. 04:40.180 --> 04:41.740 So the new. 04:43.210 --> 04:50.410 This file shows a different modification time than our previous test file. 04:50.410 --> 04:57.520 So if a destination file already exists, the CP command may not prompt you to this fact, so it is 04:57.520 --> 05:00.910 best to add the E option here. 05:00.910 --> 05:07.990 So e option to force the shell to ask whether you want to overwrite a file or not. 05:07.990 --> 05:10.930 So we will do that like this. 05:11.050 --> 05:18.640 RLS or cp here parameter as e here and overwrite test file. 05:18.640 --> 05:19.360 Yes. 05:19.360 --> 05:20.320 Or E here. 05:20.320 --> 05:24.310 And as you can see here L here you can also here. 05:24.340 --> 05:25.450 Let's see. 05:25.450 --> 05:32.860 And as you can see here, we override override on the test file and the timestamp and file contents 05:32.860 --> 05:36.550 should be updated with new file here. 05:36.550 --> 05:39.610 So if you don't answer the you here. 05:39.610 --> 05:45.740 So here, here, the file copy doesn't process and you can also enter the n here. 05:45.740 --> 05:47.150 So for no. 05:47.150 --> 05:56.360 So you can also copy a file into a pre-existing directory like this will be choosing the absolute directory. 05:56.480 --> 05:57.680 So cp. 05:58.710 --> 05:59.400 Or clear. 05:59.400 --> 06:02.090 Firstly, so cp e. 06:03.330 --> 06:05.220 Uh, for example, my test file. 06:05.220 --> 06:13.530 My test file, and we're going to do to my home, Carly And after that we will copy to, for example, 06:13.530 --> 06:15.840 templates or yeah, downloads. 06:16.320 --> 06:19.440 And here, let's see the two downloads. 06:19.800 --> 06:20.220 Oops. 06:20.280 --> 06:22.590 See the two downloads here. 06:22.590 --> 06:27.360 As you can see here we have a new file, my test file here. 06:27.510 --> 06:34.830 So the new file is now under the downloads directory using the same file name as the original.