WEBVTT 00:01.030 --> 00:05.980 Devices in the network rely on a common medium through which traffic flows. 00:05.980 --> 00:12.460 So this medium can take different forms categorized as bounded signals and unbounded signals. 00:12.460 --> 00:20.020 So bounded signals refer to the data that is controlled or confined to a specific path, typically transmitted 00:20.020 --> 00:22.810 over copper or fiber optic cables. 00:22.810 --> 00:30.310 And copper is a commonly used media type in today's networks, and it encompasses two main types coaxial. 00:30.930 --> 00:32.280 And twisted pair. 00:32.280 --> 00:38.520 Coaxial cables consist of a single copper wire surrounded by insulation and grounded shield of a braided 00:38.520 --> 00:38.940 wire. 00:38.940 --> 00:45.270 So coaxial coaxial cables were previously the primary means of data transmission on local area networks, 00:45.270 --> 00:48.030 but their usage has diminished. 00:48.060 --> 00:53.250 Nowadays, they are mainly employed by cable television companies for signal transmission. 00:53.250 --> 00:55.290 And we also have the twisted pair. 00:55.290 --> 01:02.880 Cables, on the other hand, consist of a pairs of copper wires that are twisted together. 01:02.880 --> 01:09.630 So the twisting provides a shielding effect that minimizes crosstalk, which is the interference between 01:09.660 --> 01:11.040 adjacent wires. 01:11.190 --> 01:19.410 Twisted pair cables are widely used in local area networks due to their affordability, ease of installation 01:19.410 --> 01:24.660 and the ability to handle high bandwidth for data and multimedia traffic. 01:24.690 --> 01:30.120 They come in two forms unshielded twisted pair and shielded twisted pair. 01:30.150 --> 01:37.540 Unshielded twisted pair UTP is the most common type used in local area networks, while STP offers additional 01:37.540 --> 01:40.600 protection against electromagnetic interference. 01:40.660 --> 01:47.380 Apart from copper based media, many organizations incorporate fiber optic cables to facilitate a high 01:47.380 --> 01:49.840 speed and high bandwidth data transmission. 01:49.870 --> 01:59.530 Fiber optic cables use pulses to carry network traffic over longer distances, and they offer high throughput 01:59.530 --> 02:04.270 and are naturally resistant to electromagnetic interference. 02:04.300 --> 02:07.270 Fiber optic cables are divided into two categories. 02:07.270 --> 02:09.190 I'm sorry, Two categories. 02:10.500 --> 02:11.670 Uh, which are. 02:13.320 --> 02:14.970 Multimode and single mode. 02:15.120 --> 02:25.380 So multimode fiber employs multiple light signals and has higher bandwidth compared to UTP, and it 02:25.380 --> 02:32.640 is typically used for backbone traffic in local area networks and can utilize either glass or plastic 02:32.640 --> 02:40.230 fibers as well as Led or laser signals allowing for transmission distances of up to two kilometers. 02:40.230 --> 02:43.770 And we also have the single mode fiber. 02:43.920 --> 02:52.200 This single mode fiber uses a single light signal and provides an even higher bandwidth than MMF, and 02:52.200 --> 02:57.810 it is capable of carrying signals over long distances, often spanning several miles. 02:57.810 --> 03:06.960 So SMF single mode fiber requires lasers to produce a bright, coherent light for transmission. 03:06.960 --> 03:15.190 And while copper, copper based and fiber optic signals or media are prevalent in wired networks, wireless 03:15.190 --> 03:19.510 communication has gained significant prominence. 03:19.540 --> 03:27.250 Wireless networks utilize unbundled signals, allowing others users to remain connected while moving 03:27.280 --> 03:27.820 freely. 03:27.820 --> 03:33.460 So the two primary wireless technologies are Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. 03:33.910 --> 03:36.070 Of course, we also have the cellular. 03:36.070 --> 03:37.540 But it is it is. 03:37.810 --> 03:46.180 You will learn that in next lectures and Wi-Fi enables local area network LAN connectivity using the 03:46.180 --> 03:57.040 E3E 800.11 standards and various Wi-Fi standards such as A, B, G, n, or AC, provide different levels 03:57.040 --> 03:59.290 of speed and compatibility. 03:59.290 --> 04:05.680 So Wi-Fi has evolved to become a widely adopted wireless networking technology, enabling devices to 04:05.680 --> 04:09.010 connect seamlessly to the Internet and local networks. 04:09.010 --> 04:16.270 Bluetooth, on the other hand, is utilized for personal area network pan communication over short distances, 04:16.270 --> 04:24.070 and it facilitates the transfers of files, control of Internet of Things, devices and handsfree calling 04:24.070 --> 04:25.600 in vehicles mainly. 04:25.600 --> 04:32.220 So Bluetooth technology allows devices to communicate with each other and establish connections in close, 04:32.320 --> 04:33.790 close proximity. 04:33.790 --> 04:39.010 So when capturing and analyzing network traffic using tools like Wireshark, it is essential to consider 04:39.010 --> 04:41.860 the specific network and media involved. 04:41.860 --> 04:46.870 This type of media influences how traffic is captured and what information can be extracted from the 04:46.870 --> 04:48.250 captured packets. 04:48.250 --> 04:54.280 Capturing network traffic with Wireshark is commonly performed on a local area networks, where it provides 04:54.280 --> 04:59.830 a valuable insights for network troubleshooting, performance optimization and security analysis. 04:59.860 --> 05:06.340 Understanding the different types of network media and their characteristics helps network administrators 05:06.340 --> 05:12.970 and analysts make informed decisions about the network's infrastructure, performance optimization and 05:12.970 --> 05:18.360 troubleshooting by utilizing the appropriate media for different network components and considering 05:18.360 --> 05:21.360 the unique properties of each media type. 05:21.390 --> 05:27.990 Organizations can ensure efficient and reliable data transmission within their networks.