WEBVTT 00:01.390 --> 00:04.320 Variables are often described as boxes. 00:04.330 --> 00:07.030 You can store values in it. 00:08.440 --> 00:15.160 This idea can be helpful in the first few times you use a variable, but it isn't an accurate way to 00:15.160 --> 00:19.780 describe how variables are represented internally in Python. 00:19.930 --> 00:23.710 It's a much better to think of a variable as labels. 00:24.070 --> 00:28.120 You can assign values on them. 00:29.310 --> 00:34.080 You can also say that the variable references a certain value like this. 00:35.570 --> 00:42.050 So this things distinction probably won't matter much in your initial programs, but it's worth learning 00:42.050 --> 00:43.990 earlier rather than later. 00:44.000 --> 00:51.080 At some point you will see unexpected behavior from a variable and an accurate understanding of how 00:51.080 --> 00:56.630 variables work will help you identify what's happening in your code. 01:00.350 --> 01:06.840 Because most programs define and gather some sort of data and then do something useful with it. 01:06.860 --> 01:10.190 It helps to classify different types of data. 01:10.220 --> 01:14.810 The first data type, we will look at the string. 01:14.840 --> 01:22.820 Strings are quite simple at first glance, but you can use them in many different ways. 01:23.150 --> 01:25.400 A string is a series of characters. 01:25.430 --> 01:28.160 Anything inside quote is considered. 01:28.160 --> 01:30.470 For example, this is a string. 01:34.060 --> 01:43.750 So yeah, there's also you can write a string like this, for example, my special message. 01:43.990 --> 01:48.100 And here we will add single quote instead of double quote. 01:48.310 --> 01:51.040 Hello, my name is Stephan. 01:52.070 --> 01:58.100 And the flexibility allows you to use quotes and apostrophes within your strings. 01:59.160 --> 02:02.120 So let's write actual text here. 02:02.130 --> 02:02.790 Mice. 02:03.480 --> 02:05.040 My here. 02:12.610 --> 02:14.500 My another. 02:15.230 --> 02:16.880 Super string. 02:16.910 --> 02:20.500 And here we will do a sample. 02:20.510 --> 02:24.220 One of Python's strings. 02:25.470 --> 02:32.460 Is it's it's diverse and supportive community. 02:34.140 --> 02:34.830 That's it. 02:35.040 --> 02:37.980 Now, let's explore here. 02:37.980 --> 02:38.970 As you can see here, there's. 02:40.210 --> 02:42.730 Strings at this lecture. 02:42.760 --> 02:45.970 Now let's explore some of the ways you can use strings. 02:46.000 --> 02:51.370 The first is changing case in a string with methods. 02:51.370 --> 02:55.120 So I think we can now delete this here for now. 02:56.180 --> 02:58.130 And let's get more practical. 02:58.130 --> 02:58.610 All right? 02:59.590 --> 03:00.190 That's it. 03:01.010 --> 03:08.810 So here, one of the simplest tasks you can do with strings is change the case of the words in a string. 03:09.260 --> 03:11.560 So let's look at this code here. 03:11.570 --> 03:16.310 For example, my name is, for example, Oxley. 03:16.310 --> 03:17.720 Or actually, let's make it. 03:19.300 --> 03:22.930 Academy name is. 03:24.740 --> 03:25.730 Academy name. 03:27.520 --> 03:27.910 Here. 03:27.940 --> 03:29.230 This is a name. 03:29.590 --> 03:33.100 And here, Oxley Academy. 03:33.340 --> 03:40.660 And here we will print name that title of academy name that here. 03:40.660 --> 03:43.470 As you can see, we have several formats we use actually several. 03:43.510 --> 03:48.970 It's it's a lot of formats and functions, but you will learn all of these functions. 03:49.120 --> 03:50.500 Don't worry here. 03:50.500 --> 03:52.210 Now we will use title. 03:52.450 --> 03:53.410 That's it. 03:53.500 --> 03:56.380 Now let's actually run this code. 03:57.010 --> 03:59.050 And as you can see here. 03:59.830 --> 04:09.940 In this example, the variable academy name, the variable academy name refers to the lower case Oxilia 04:09.940 --> 04:10.590 Academy. 04:10.600 --> 04:13.300 See here lower case lowercase. 04:14.290 --> 04:16.120 The method title. 04:17.250 --> 04:21.500 Appears after the variable in the print. 04:21.510 --> 04:22.320 Right. 04:22.560 --> 04:27.150 So a method is an action that python can perform. 04:27.150 --> 04:30.720 One a piece of data. 04:30.810 --> 04:32.130 The dot here. 04:32.160 --> 04:33.270 The dot here. 04:34.690 --> 04:37.990 After name in the academic title. 04:39.160 --> 04:45.160 Cast fight on to make the title method act on a variable name. 04:45.340 --> 04:46.340 So that's it. 04:46.360 --> 04:49.420 Every method is followed by a set of parentheses, right? 04:49.540 --> 04:56.080 So because methods often need additional information to do their work, that information is provided 04:56.080 --> 04:58.030 inside the parentheses. 04:58.240 --> 05:03.890 So the title function doesn't need any additional information, so its parentheses are empty. 05:03.910 --> 05:09.080 So here let's as you can see, there's no additional information we can provide to title. 05:11.070 --> 05:14.410 So title method changes. 05:15.940 --> 05:25.040 Each word to title case where each word begins with capital letter oxa. 05:26.220 --> 05:27.240 Oxley. 05:29.350 --> 05:31.150 And here Capital letter A. 05:33.270 --> 05:34.080 Academy. 05:41.070 --> 05:41.880 That's it. 05:42.930 --> 05:48.360 So this is useful because you will often want to think of a name as a piece of information. 05:48.360 --> 05:54.090 For example, you might want your program to recognize the input value values. 05:54.090 --> 05:55.410 Auxly. 05:56.540 --> 06:05.660 Academy as the same name and display all of them as uppercase Oxley and then lowercase the title format. 06:05.660 --> 06:06.020 Right? 06:06.020 --> 06:12.890 So several other useful format methods are available for dealing with case as well. 06:12.890 --> 06:22.220 For example, you can change a string to all uppercase or all lowercase letters like this here. 06:22.220 --> 06:27.080 So here we will write instead of title, we will delete this and upper. 06:27.110 --> 06:28.100 That's it. 06:28.100 --> 06:29.060 Let's try this. 06:29.060 --> 06:31.070 And as you can see, uppercase. 06:31.080 --> 06:33.590 Let's actually delete this here. 06:34.400 --> 06:37.070 That's the output of us here. 06:37.100 --> 06:37.430 Oops. 06:37.430 --> 06:37.970 Sorry. 06:39.360 --> 06:39.840 Here. 06:40.320 --> 06:42.840 As you can see, an uppercase Lochside academy. 06:42.870 --> 06:48.090 Let's try the lowercase lower. 06:50.700 --> 06:53.850 As you can see here, lowercase Oxford Academy. 06:54.120 --> 06:57.640 So the lower method is particularly useful for storing data. 06:57.690 --> 07:02.010 So you typically want to want to trust the capitalization that your users provide. 07:02.010 --> 07:03.120 So will you. 07:03.150 --> 07:13.290 So you will convert strings to lowercase, will convert your strings to lowercase before storing them. 07:13.290 --> 07:19.140 Then you when you want to display the information, you will use the case that makes the most sense 07:19.140 --> 07:21.480 for each string.