WEBVTT 00:00.480 --> 00:01.620 In programming. 00:01.620 --> 00:10.590 Whitespace refers to any non-printing characters such as spaces, tabs and end of line symbols. 00:10.590 --> 00:15.300 You can use whitespace to organize your output so it's easier for users to read. 00:15.600 --> 00:19.310 To add a tab to your text, use the character t. 00:20.760 --> 00:22.890 Here now we will print. 00:25.420 --> 00:26.880 He Oxley. 00:27.040 --> 00:29.050 Now, we will see this here. 00:29.050 --> 00:31.360 As you can see, we have a tab here. 00:32.370 --> 00:40.830 So let's actually print the Oxley without tab and see how many characters we are seeing now. 00:41.370 --> 00:41.970 Here. 00:43.440 --> 00:45.900 As you can see here, this is accelerated. 00:46.530 --> 00:50.280 This is auxiliary without the tab and this is auxiliary with the tab here. 00:51.860 --> 00:54.050 To add new lines in a string. 00:54.050 --> 00:55.910 You use the character n. 00:57.790 --> 00:58.180 Here. 00:58.180 --> 00:59.710 This is our new line. 00:59.710 --> 01:05.650 So this here is N right here. 01:08.130 --> 01:16.020 And you can also use combine tabs and newlines in a single string. 01:16.380 --> 01:19.320 So now the string here. 01:19.320 --> 01:21.270 Now let's actually end. 01:22.100 --> 01:25.100 T or actually it's pride, right? 01:25.100 --> 01:26.060 The languages. 01:26.060 --> 01:28.400 So languages. 01:28.940 --> 01:32.690 And here we will are Java Python and C plus plus. 01:32.690 --> 01:34.810 So n t. 01:36.160 --> 01:36.880 Python. 01:39.010 --> 01:39.730 Python. 01:39.730 --> 01:41.900 And here n t. 01:42.910 --> 01:45.690 C plus plus and. 01:48.040 --> 01:51.340 C plus plus and T and Java. 01:52.160 --> 01:53.120 Now. 01:53.880 --> 01:55.980 We will see this following output. 01:57.320 --> 01:57.960 That's it. 01:57.980 --> 02:01.480 As you can see here, we have tabs in here. 02:01.490 --> 02:06.890 We have new lines in here, tabs, new lines. 02:07.540 --> 02:08.440 And tabs. 02:08.890 --> 02:14.950 So here actually, it doesn't work like that because as you can see, the first overwrite the new lines 02:14.950 --> 02:18.790 and then tabs, new line tabs, new line tabs. 02:18.790 --> 02:19.930 So it will work. 02:19.930 --> 02:24.580 Firstly, new line here, then tab second. 02:25.390 --> 02:27.640 New Line third EP. 02:29.090 --> 02:33.710 Or new line shift and tab six here. 02:33.740 --> 02:34.760 So that's it. 02:35.740 --> 02:42.700 And the new license tabs will be very useful in the next few sections when you start to produce many 02:42.700 --> 02:45.760 lines of output from just a few lines of code. 02:45.790 --> 02:50.380 Now we can also strip the whitespaces in Python strings. 02:50.590 --> 02:53.680 So let me actually look at the lecture time if we have time. 02:53.770 --> 02:55.990 Yes, just at three minutes now. 02:55.990 --> 03:01.370 So extra whitespace can be confusing for programs programmers. 03:02.210 --> 03:02.920 Python. 03:03.730 --> 03:10.480 The programmers python and here let's actually let's delete this for sorry. 03:11.350 --> 03:14.890 So for programmers python and. 03:16.210 --> 03:18.880 Python look pretty much the same, right? 03:20.840 --> 03:26.300 But to a program they are two different actually. 03:26.300 --> 03:26.470 So. 03:26.660 --> 03:32.330 So so for program they are two different strings. 03:33.360 --> 03:42.570 Python the takes the extra space in second python and considers it significant. 03:43.340 --> 03:45.000 Unless you tell it otherwise. 03:45.020 --> 03:50.750 It's important to think about whitespace because often you will want to compare two strings. 03:50.750 --> 03:52.920 So determine whether they are the same. 03:52.940 --> 03:59.360 For example, one important instance might involve checking people's username when they log into a website. 03:59.360 --> 03:59.750 Right? 03:59.750 --> 04:07.430 So extra whitespace can be confusing in much simpler situations as well. 04:07.550 --> 04:11.300 Version of Python makes it easier to. 04:12.100 --> 04:13.270 Illuminate. 04:14.140 --> 04:18.400 Uh, extra whitespace from data that people enter. 04:18.670 --> 04:26.020 So Python can look at for extra whitespace on the right and the left side of a string. 04:26.020 --> 04:31.120 So to ensure that the whitespace no whitespace exists at the right side of a string. 04:31.120 --> 04:34.690 So you can use our script now. 04:36.050 --> 04:43.130 Uh, my my favorite language here is going to be. 04:44.790 --> 04:45.390 Python. 04:46.750 --> 04:49.210 And here we will use. 04:50.510 --> 04:50.830 Ops. 04:51.020 --> 04:54.800 Let's actually add whitespace here and now. 04:56.020 --> 05:00.520 We will print the my favorite language. 05:00.520 --> 05:04.690 And after that we will use my favorite language. 05:05.940 --> 05:06.420 That. 05:07.750 --> 05:14.290 Strip or strip or strip and that's it that we will print my favorite language. 05:14.320 --> 05:17.260 Language again, my favorite language again. 05:17.260 --> 05:18.610 And after that. 05:19.620 --> 05:20.220 Yeah, that's it. 05:20.430 --> 05:20.970 Yeah. 05:21.090 --> 05:22.440 Now let's run this. 05:28.560 --> 05:32.070 As you can see here, we got to. 05:32.900 --> 05:34.620 Same results. 05:34.670 --> 05:38.750 And here you will see that there is a white space here. 05:39.820 --> 05:44.980 And if you select this like that, you have a white spaces here. 05:45.770 --> 05:56.000 Because you in order to change this or show like this, you will write the script here and now you will 05:56.000 --> 05:57.020 see this here. 05:57.790 --> 06:00.710 Now Python is stripped. 06:01.150 --> 06:07.860 So the value associated with my favorite language contains extra whitespace at the end of a string. 06:07.870 --> 06:13.930 So when you ask Python for this value in a terminal session, you can see the whitespace at the end 06:13.930 --> 06:14.890 of the value. 06:16.220 --> 06:16.730 Right. 06:17.060 --> 06:26.330 So when the answer methods acts on the variable, my favorite language, this extra space is removed, 06:26.600 --> 06:27.950 as you can see here. 06:30.340 --> 06:34.060 However, it's only removed temporarily. 06:34.180 --> 06:43.750 So if you ask for the value of my favorite language, again right here, let's print my favorite language. 06:44.650 --> 06:45.610 The strings. 06:45.610 --> 06:48.280 Look, this looks the same here. 06:49.100 --> 06:49.570 Here. 06:49.830 --> 06:50.570 Here. 06:51.100 --> 06:53.350 So this has whitespace. 06:53.350 --> 06:55.960 This doesn't have whitespace here. 06:57.020 --> 06:59.600 And also this has white space. 07:00.050 --> 07:00.890 So. 07:01.820 --> 07:04.580 As I said, if you ask the value again. 07:06.610 --> 07:11.350 The strings look the same as when it was created, including the extra whitespace. 07:11.350 --> 07:19.270 So to remove the whitespace from the string permanently, you have to associate the script value with 07:19.270 --> 07:20.590 the variable name. 07:20.770 --> 07:21.790 Now. 07:22.530 --> 07:23.370 Let's. 07:24.980 --> 07:25.570 Here. 07:25.580 --> 07:31.460 After that, we will use instead of just writing the variable name like this. 07:32.800 --> 07:34.930 Here writing variable name like this. 07:34.960 --> 07:36.430 We will add this here. 07:36.970 --> 07:42.340 My favorite language equals my favorite language, our script. 07:42.370 --> 07:44.860 Now let's print the value. 07:44.890 --> 07:47.320 Print my favorite language. 07:50.230 --> 07:51.520 And here. 07:54.370 --> 07:55.300 That's it. 07:55.600 --> 07:58.210 So this is firstly the. 08:00.930 --> 08:02.370 White space version. 08:02.670 --> 08:07.560 And this is the version without the white space. 08:07.890 --> 08:12.330 And as you can see, we didn't use the strip function in. 08:13.450 --> 08:15.220 Um, my favorite language. 08:15.340 --> 08:21.370 Because now, after this third line, my favorite language. 08:22.210 --> 08:24.610 My favorite language is. 08:25.820 --> 08:28.250 Value is equal to this. 08:28.700 --> 08:34.610 Whenever you use it, this variable is the name of your my favorite language variable. 08:35.480 --> 08:36.260 So. 08:37.380 --> 08:46.020 In this example, we start with with the value that has whitespace at the beginning and let's actually 08:46.020 --> 08:46.740 yes, yes. 08:46.740 --> 08:53.250 It will be more good practice to use the whitespace on the beginning. 08:53.250 --> 08:53.790 Right. 08:53.940 --> 08:58.300 So now let's add whitespace at the beginning as well. 08:58.320 --> 09:05.610 Now, as you can see here, yes, it would fix our white spaces at the end in the second here because 09:05.610 --> 09:07.620 we don't have the white spaces here. 09:07.620 --> 09:09.480 But I'm sorry. 09:09.510 --> 09:11.280 Here we have white space here. 09:12.580 --> 09:15.580 Button in the start, but not in the end. 09:15.580 --> 09:20.830 So we have white spaces in second in the left, but not on the right. 09:20.830 --> 09:26.560 But here we have white spaces on both sides. 09:26.920 --> 09:33.010 So in order to fix this, we will use our strip here. 09:34.030 --> 09:34.990 So. 09:36.680 --> 09:40.220 Now we will use my favorite language again. 09:40.220 --> 09:43.940 And after that, my favorite language. 09:43.940 --> 09:45.910 That all strip, strip. 09:46.130 --> 09:48.920 Now let's try this out. 09:49.130 --> 09:53.270 And as you can see here, we deleted all the white spaces. 09:53.270 --> 09:59.720 But in the first example that we without manipulation of our text you are seeing here, we have two 09:59.720 --> 10:03.110 white spaces on the left and the right here. 10:04.460 --> 10:09.260 But in the second, we don't have any white spaces here. 10:09.680 --> 10:10.490 That's it. 10:10.520 --> 10:15.590 Because we use these functions are strip and strip.