In this section of the course,
we're going to discuss Ports and Protocols.
Now, a Port is a virtual point of entry or exit
for communications that can be used
by software applications to exchange information.
There are lots of different ports associated
with our networks,
and many of them use what are referred to
as well-known ports.
For example, if you want to access a website securely,
you're simply going to visit the website over Port 443,
and this is reserved for secure and encrypted web traffic.
A Protocol on the other hand,
is a set of rules and conventions
for data exchange between network devices.
These protocols ensure that data is being transmitted
in a structured and predictable manner
to allow our devices to understand
and process information as it's being sent
and received across the network.
For example, we can choose
to use Transmission Control Protocol or TCP,
as a way to establish a reliable connection
between our network clients,
or we can use the IP,
or Internet Protocol,
to provide ratable IP addresses for our clients
so we can determine where to send our packets
when they're transmitting them over the network.
These ports and protocols really are
the essential building blocks
that allow our network devices to connect
and share data efficiently
and securely over our different types of networks.
Now in this section of the course,
we're going to be covering Ports and Protocols.
I'll be focused solely on Domain 1 Networking Concepts.
Specifically, we'll be covering Objective 1.4,
which states that you must be able
to explain common networking ports,
protocols, services, and traffic types.
First, we're going to look at
the fundamental concepts surrounding ports,
including the three different ranges of ports
that we use in our networks.
Well-known ports going from zero to 1023,
registered ports going from 1024 to 49,151,
and dynamic or private ports,
going from 49,152,
all the way up to 65,535.
Then we're going to cover the Transmission Control Protocol.
Next, we'll be discussing the User Datagram Protocol.
After that, we'll explore
the Internet Control Message Protocol.
Then we'll discuss the different Web Ports and Protocols,
including HTTP and HTTPS,
which operate over Port 80 and Port 443.
Next, we'll cover the different Email Ports
and Protocols you need to know,
including SMTP, POP3, and IMAP.
SMTP is used for sending emails
and it happens over Port 25.
SMTPS is a secure version of this,
and it operates over Port 587.
POP3 is going to be used for receiving emails using Port 110,
and IMAP is going to be used for receiving emails,
and this time, we're going to do it over Port 143.
After that, we'll discuss
the different File Transfer Reports and Protocols,
including FTP, SFTP, and TFTP.
Now FTP is the File Transfer Protocol
and it operates over Ports 20 and 21.
Secure File Transfer Protocol operates over Port 22,
and the Trivial File Transfer Protocol
operates over Port 69.
Then we're going to cover
the different Remote Access Ports and Protocols,
including SSH, Telnet and RDP.
SSH or the Secure Shell is going to operate over Port 22.
Telnet will operate on Port 23,
and RDP, the Remote Desktop Protocol
will operate on Port 3389.
Next, we'll discuss Networking Service Ports and Protocols,
including DNS, DHCP, SQL, SNMP, and Syslog.
Now DNS or the Domain Name System operates on Port 53,
DHCP or the Dynamic Host Control Protocol operates
on Ports 67 and 68,
SQL or the Structured Query Language
will operate on Port 1433,
SNMP or the Simple Network Management Protocol
operates over Ports 161 and 162,
and Syslog will operate on Port 514.
Then we're going to cover
some Other Network Service Ports and Protocols,
including things like NTP,
SIP and LDAP.
NTP or the Network Time Protocol
is going to operate on Port 123,
SIP, or the Session Initiation Protocol
will operate on Ports 5060 and 5061,
and LDAP or the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol
will operate over Port 389,
and the secure variant of LDAP known as LDAPS
will operate over Port 636.
After that, I'm going to show you how you can scan your network
for open ports and protocols using
the network mapping tool known as Nmap.
And finally, we'll take a short quiz
to see what you learned during this section of the course
and review your answers
to ensure you understand why things were right
and why things were wrong.
So if you're ready,
let's get started with our coverage of Ports and Protocols
in this section of the course.