1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:01,830 When we talk about network geography, 2 00:00:01,830 --> 00:00:03,780 we're going to start with our smallest networks 3 00:00:03,780 --> 00:00:06,480 and work our way out to our largest networks. 4 00:00:06,480 --> 00:00:08,340 The smallest one we're going to cover is known 5 00:00:08,340 --> 00:00:10,800 as a personal area network or PAN. 6 00:00:10,800 --> 00:00:12,330 It's the smallest type of wired 7 00:00:12,330 --> 00:00:13,950 or wireless network we can use. 8 00:00:13,950 --> 00:00:15,870 And it usually covers about 10 feet 9 00:00:15,870 --> 00:00:19,050 or less, so about a couple of meters of distance. 10 00:00:19,050 --> 00:00:20,070 Now, some examples 11 00:00:20,070 --> 00:00:22,050 of personal area networks would be things 12 00:00:22,050 --> 00:00:23,730 like Bluetooth and USB. 13 00:00:23,730 --> 00:00:25,680 Bluetooth is a great example of one. 14 00:00:25,680 --> 00:00:28,350 It operates at about 10 feet or three meters. 15 00:00:28,350 --> 00:00:29,640 And if you have your phone in your pocket 16 00:00:29,640 --> 00:00:32,159 and you get in your car and it starts transmitting music 17 00:00:32,159 --> 00:00:34,757 from your phone wirelessly to your radio in your car, 18 00:00:34,757 --> 00:00:37,260 that's only about three or four feet away, right? 19 00:00:37,260 --> 00:00:39,960 This is an example of a personal area network 20 00:00:39,960 --> 00:00:42,330 because you have a connection between your car stereo 21 00:00:42,330 --> 00:00:44,550 or radio with your cell phone. 22 00:00:44,550 --> 00:00:46,500 Now, what about your USB connections? 23 00:00:46,500 --> 00:00:49,170 Well, those can be personal area networks too. 24 00:00:49,170 --> 00:00:50,820 If I take a USB hard drive 25 00:00:50,820 --> 00:00:52,229 and I connect it to my laptop, 26 00:00:52,229 --> 00:00:54,480 that's actually a serial connection 27 00:00:54,480 --> 00:00:56,070 and it's considered a network. 28 00:00:56,070 --> 00:00:58,440 It's actually going to be a personal area network. 29 00:00:58,440 --> 00:01:00,390 If you have an older standard like Firewire 30 00:01:00,390 --> 00:01:02,460 for your video cameras or a webcam 31 00:01:02,460 --> 00:01:04,709 and you plug it in, these would also be considered 32 00:01:04,709 --> 00:01:06,570 a personal area network. 33 00:01:06,570 --> 00:01:09,180 Now, the way I like to think about this is if I put my arms 34 00:01:09,180 --> 00:01:11,460 out to my side and I spin into a circle, 35 00:01:11,460 --> 00:01:12,570 anything I can touch, 36 00:01:12,570 --> 00:01:15,060 that's about my personal area network distance, 37 00:01:15,060 --> 00:01:17,640 something around there or maybe a little bit more. 38 00:01:17,640 --> 00:01:18,960 Now, the next one we have as we get 39 00:01:18,960 --> 00:01:21,330 to a larger network is called a LAN. 40 00:01:21,330 --> 00:01:23,340 This is a local area network. 41 00:01:23,340 --> 00:01:24,930 If you worked in an office building, 42 00:01:24,930 --> 00:01:26,790 you probably had a LAN at work. 43 00:01:26,790 --> 00:01:29,040 It connects components in a limited distance, 44 00:01:29,040 --> 00:01:32,670 generally up to about a hundred meters or 300 feet. 45 00:01:32,670 --> 00:01:34,740 Each segment can only go about 100 meters 46 00:01:34,740 --> 00:01:36,570 if you're using cat five cabling. 47 00:01:36,570 --> 00:01:38,400 But if you're going to use fiber optic cabling, 48 00:01:38,400 --> 00:01:39,900 you can actually go further. 49 00:01:39,900 --> 00:01:41,730 We'll talk about distance limitations when we get 50 00:01:41,730 --> 00:01:43,500 to the ethernet fundamental section. 51 00:01:43,500 --> 00:01:45,600 But for right now, when you think about a LAN, 52 00:01:45,600 --> 00:01:47,670 think about it being a small office 53 00:01:47,670 --> 00:01:49,950 or one floor of an office building. 54 00:01:49,950 --> 00:01:52,063 Now your networks can be consisting of either wifi 55 00:01:52,063 --> 00:01:55,170 or ethernet, depending on how you want to set them up. 56 00:01:55,170 --> 00:01:56,340 If you're using ethernet, 57 00:01:56,340 --> 00:02:00,360 you're going to be using the IEE 802.3 standard. 58 00:02:00,360 --> 00:02:01,710 Now, if you're using wifi, 59 00:02:01,710 --> 00:02:05,610 you're going to be using the IEE 802.11 standard. 60 00:02:05,610 --> 00:02:07,290 We'll talk specifically about these standards 61 00:02:07,290 --> 00:02:10,050 in a future lesson as we dig deeper into the protocols 62 00:02:10,050 --> 00:02:11,280 and standards. 63 00:02:11,280 --> 00:02:12,600 As you're going through the course, 64 00:02:12,600 --> 00:02:15,109 anytime I mention a standard like 802.11 65 00:02:15,109 --> 00:02:18,420 or 802.3, you should write that down 66 00:02:18,420 --> 00:02:20,370 with a word next to it that reminds you 67 00:02:20,370 --> 00:02:22,020 what that standard is used for. 68 00:02:22,020 --> 00:02:25,170 So in my notes, I'd have 802.11 wifi, 69 00:02:25,170 --> 00:02:28,260 802.3 ethernet, something like that. 70 00:02:28,260 --> 00:02:30,000 This will help you out a lot on the exam 71 00:02:30,000 --> 00:02:31,620 if you have that cheat sheet at the end 72 00:02:31,620 --> 00:02:33,930 that you can study right before the exam. 73 00:02:33,930 --> 00:02:36,060 Now, what are some examples of a LAN? 74 00:02:36,060 --> 00:02:37,440 Well, the internal wired 75 00:02:37,440 --> 00:02:39,060 or wireless network in your office building 76 00:02:39,060 --> 00:02:41,010 or in your school or in your classroom, 77 00:02:41,010 --> 00:02:42,962 these are all local area network connections. 78 00:02:42,962 --> 00:02:45,540 In fact, if you're sitting at home right now 79 00:02:45,540 --> 00:02:46,800 watching this video, 80 00:02:46,800 --> 00:02:48,690 you're sitting on your local area network 81 00:02:48,690 --> 00:02:51,461 inside your house, making a connection between your devices, 82 00:02:51,461 --> 00:02:54,780 your printers, your other laptops, your desktops 83 00:02:54,780 --> 00:02:57,720 that are all inside of your house as part of the LAN. 84 00:02:57,720 --> 00:03:00,450 Now the next one we want to talk about is going to be called 85 00:03:00,450 --> 00:03:02,970 a campus area network or CAN. 86 00:03:02,970 --> 00:03:06,150 Now, a campus area network is a building-centric LAN 87 00:03:06,150 --> 00:03:09,120 that's spread across numerous buildings in a certain area. 88 00:03:09,120 --> 00:03:11,190 So if you're at a college or a business park 89 00:03:11,190 --> 00:03:12,960 or an industrial park and you have three 90 00:03:12,960 --> 00:03:15,450 or four different buildings, they may all be linked together 91 00:03:15,450 --> 00:03:17,970 in what's called a campus area network. 92 00:03:17,970 --> 00:03:19,560 This can cover several miles 93 00:03:19,560 --> 00:03:21,600 and across many different buildings. 94 00:03:21,600 --> 00:03:24,420 For example, I teach at several different colleges, 95 00:03:24,420 --> 00:03:27,390 and each of those colleges has a campus area network 96 00:03:27,390 --> 00:03:29,580 that spans the entire university. 97 00:03:29,580 --> 00:03:31,500 And so no matter which building you're in, 98 00:03:31,500 --> 00:03:33,030 each building has its own LAN, 99 00:03:33,030 --> 00:03:34,800 local area network that you connect to. 100 00:03:34,800 --> 00:03:36,690 But then those lands are connected together 101 00:03:36,690 --> 00:03:39,180 to form this campus area network. 102 00:03:39,180 --> 00:03:40,560 Now, examples of this, again, 103 00:03:40,560 --> 00:03:42,360 are going to be things like college campuses, 104 00:03:42,360 --> 00:03:44,640 business parks and military bases. 105 00:03:44,640 --> 00:03:46,140 All of these form what is known 106 00:03:46,140 --> 00:03:48,750 as the campus area network or CAN. 107 00:03:48,750 --> 00:03:51,690 So up to this point, we covered our personal area network, 108 00:03:51,690 --> 00:03:53,340 the small space around us. 109 00:03:53,340 --> 00:03:55,290 We covered the LAN, usually the area 110 00:03:55,290 --> 00:03:57,000 of our house or our apartment. 111 00:03:57,000 --> 00:03:58,860 And then we covered our campus area network 112 00:03:58,860 --> 00:04:00,750 where we connect a couple of buildings together 113 00:04:00,750 --> 00:04:02,370 that are within a couple of miles. 114 00:04:02,370 --> 00:04:04,170 The next one goes even further out 115 00:04:04,170 --> 00:04:05,070 and we're going to talk about it. 116 00:04:05,070 --> 00:04:06,570 It's called a MAN. 117 00:04:06,570 --> 00:04:09,390 A MAN is a metropolitan area network. 118 00:04:09,390 --> 00:04:10,710 This is going to connect locations 119 00:04:10,710 --> 00:04:13,110 that are scattered across the entire city. 120 00:04:13,110 --> 00:04:15,270 This is larger than a campus area network, 121 00:04:15,270 --> 00:04:18,480 but it is smaller than a global wide area network. 122 00:04:18,480 --> 00:04:21,329 And so this can cover an area up to about 25 miles 123 00:04:21,329 --> 00:04:22,680 or maybe even a little bit bigger 124 00:04:22,680 --> 00:04:24,480 depending on the size of your city. 125 00:04:24,480 --> 00:04:26,310 So let me go back to my example. 126 00:04:26,310 --> 00:04:28,860 One of the colleges I teach for is a community college. 127 00:04:28,860 --> 00:04:30,810 They actually have six different campuses 128 00:04:30,810 --> 00:04:32,760 spread out across our city. 129 00:04:32,760 --> 00:04:35,670 Each of those campuses has a campus area network, 130 00:04:35,670 --> 00:04:37,560 but each of those campus area networks 131 00:04:37,560 --> 00:04:38,910 are also connected together 132 00:04:38,910 --> 00:04:41,190 to form a metropolitan area network. 133 00:04:41,190 --> 00:04:45,090 So all of our campuses are in one large university network. 134 00:04:45,090 --> 00:04:46,740 Other examples of this might be if you look 135 00:04:46,740 --> 00:04:48,418 at your city's department, 136 00:04:48,418 --> 00:04:49,410 like the Department of Motor Vehicles 137 00:04:49,410 --> 00:04:51,420 or the police department, they may have lots 138 00:04:51,420 --> 00:04:53,550 of locations dotted across your cities 139 00:04:53,550 --> 00:04:56,400 and they're all connected together to form one network. 140 00:04:56,400 --> 00:04:59,790 These are some great examples of what a MAN might look like. 141 00:04:59,790 --> 00:05:02,640 And this brings us to our last one, our biggest network, 142 00:05:02,640 --> 00:05:05,970 which is known as the Wide Area Network or WAN. 143 00:05:05,970 --> 00:05:07,290 Now a wide area network 144 00:05:07,290 --> 00:05:10,260 connects geographically disparate internal networks. 145 00:05:10,260 --> 00:05:12,030 So this can consist of lease lines 146 00:05:12,030 --> 00:05:13,710 or virtual private networks 147 00:05:13,710 --> 00:05:15,570 that are tunneled over the internet. 148 00:05:15,570 --> 00:05:17,400 Now, if you don't know what those two terms are, 149 00:05:17,400 --> 00:05:19,140 don't worry about that right now. 150 00:05:19,140 --> 00:05:21,883 We're going to go into both of them later on 151 00:05:21,883 --> 00:05:23,040 in the course in a lot of depth. 152 00:05:23,040 --> 00:05:25,230 So for right now, I want you to focus on the fact 153 00:05:25,230 --> 00:05:28,110 that a WAN covers a large geographic area. 154 00:05:28,110 --> 00:05:31,200 This may be across your state, across your country, 155 00:05:31,200 --> 00:05:33,270 or even across the world. 156 00:05:33,270 --> 00:05:36,420 For example, we actually look at the internet as a WAN. 157 00:05:36,420 --> 00:05:37,770 It is a wide area network. 158 00:05:37,770 --> 00:05:40,920 In fact, it is the largest wide area network available. 159 00:05:40,920 --> 00:05:43,500 So if I'm sitting in my office and I'm recording this 160 00:05:43,500 --> 00:05:45,060 and I'm going to upload it to a file server 161 00:05:45,060 --> 00:05:47,010 that you're going to access from your home 162 00:05:47,010 --> 00:05:48,840 wherever you are in the world, well, 163 00:05:48,840 --> 00:05:52,110 that's going to happen over a wide area network connection. 164 00:05:52,110 --> 00:05:53,220 Now, another important thing 165 00:05:53,220 --> 00:05:54,390 to think about when we talk about 166 00:05:54,390 --> 00:05:55,860 a wide area network connection 167 00:05:55,860 --> 00:05:57,480 is the fact that they don't always have 168 00:05:57,480 --> 00:05:59,670 to be public like the internet is. 169 00:05:59,670 --> 00:06:01,560 In fact, let's take an example of a company 170 00:06:01,560 --> 00:06:04,770 that has an office in New York and an office in California. 171 00:06:04,770 --> 00:06:06,840 Now, each of those two locations has their own 172 00:06:06,840 --> 00:06:08,670 local area networks, but if we wanted 173 00:06:08,670 --> 00:06:11,310 to connect them together over a private intranet, 174 00:06:11,310 --> 00:06:14,610 we could do that using a wide area network connection 175 00:06:14,610 --> 00:06:16,740 because we're taking this very large network 176 00:06:16,740 --> 00:06:19,950 going across the entire country and connecting it together. 177 00:06:19,950 --> 00:06:22,080 So we have these two local area networks, 178 00:06:22,080 --> 00:06:25,260 but they're still tied over this larger WAN link. 179 00:06:25,260 --> 00:06:26,100 A good example of this 180 00:06:26,100 --> 00:06:27,780 is the government of the United States. 181 00:06:27,780 --> 00:06:29,910 They have offices all over the country. 182 00:06:29,910 --> 00:06:34,080 In fact, all 50 states spanning three or 4,000 miles, right? 183 00:06:34,080 --> 00:06:36,079 All of those can be connected 184 00:06:36,079 --> 00:06:37,830 through a private wide area network connection. 185 00:06:37,830 --> 00:06:40,230 So they have a wide area network 186 00:06:40,230 --> 00:06:42,900 that is made up of all of these smaller networks. 187 00:06:42,900 --> 00:06:45,510 So when we look at network geography, I want you 188 00:06:45,510 --> 00:06:47,670 to remember the distance involved. 189 00:06:47,670 --> 00:06:48,990 So as we start thinking about this, 190 00:06:48,990 --> 00:06:51,560 we have our smallest network, the personal area network, 191 00:06:51,560 --> 00:06:54,480 and then we move out and we get to our local area network, 192 00:06:54,480 --> 00:06:56,430 and then we go even further and we start getting a couple 193 00:06:56,430 --> 00:06:58,590 of buildings with our campus area network. 194 00:06:58,590 --> 00:06:59,550 And then we connect a couple 195 00:06:59,550 --> 00:07:01,590 of those buildings together across the city, 196 00:07:01,590 --> 00:07:04,080 and that becomes a metropolitan area network. 197 00:07:04,080 --> 00:07:07,200 And then finally, we go across the state, the country, 198 00:07:07,200 --> 00:07:09,810 or even the world with our wide area network. 199 00:07:09,810 --> 00:07:11,130 So when it comes down to it, 200 00:07:11,130 --> 00:07:12,660 if you can remember these distances 201 00:07:12,660 --> 00:07:14,880 that we're talking about, smallest to largest, 202 00:07:14,880 --> 00:07:17,010 and what these networks stack up, you're going to be able 203 00:07:17,010 --> 00:07:19,650 to answer any question you get as far as PANs, 204 00:07:19,650 --> 00:07:23,640 LANs, CANs, MANs and WANs on the exam, 205 00:07:23,640 --> 00:07:25,320 because you'll know how far they can go 206 00:07:25,320 --> 00:07:27,923 and what type of networks that they're using to do it.