1 00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:01,350 In this section of the course, 2 00:00:01,350 --> 00:00:03,900 we're going to discuss Ports and Protocols. 3 00:00:03,900 --> 00:00:05,970 Now, a Port is a virtual point of entry or exit 4 00:00:05,970 --> 00:00:07,410 for communications that can be used 5 00:00:07,410 --> 00:00:09,960 by software applications to exchange information. 6 00:00:09,960 --> 00:00:11,460 There are lots of different ports associated 7 00:00:11,460 --> 00:00:12,300 with our networks, 8 00:00:12,300 --> 00:00:13,920 and many of them use what are referred to 9 00:00:13,920 --> 00:00:15,630 as well-known ports. 10 00:00:15,630 --> 00:00:18,180 For example, if you want to access a website securely, 11 00:00:18,180 --> 00:00:21,210 you're simply going to visit the website over Port 443, 12 00:00:21,210 --> 00:00:24,300 and this is reserved for secure and encrypted web traffic. 13 00:00:24,300 --> 00:00:25,590 A Protocol on the other hand, 14 00:00:25,590 --> 00:00:27,000 is a set of rules and conventions 15 00:00:27,000 --> 00:00:29,340 for data exchange between network devices. 16 00:00:29,340 --> 00:00:31,740 These protocols ensure that data is being transmitted 17 00:00:31,740 --> 00:00:33,450 in a structured and predictable manner 18 00:00:33,450 --> 00:00:34,860 to allow our devices to understand 19 00:00:34,860 --> 00:00:37,050 and process information as it's being sent 20 00:00:37,050 --> 00:00:38,760 and received across the network. 21 00:00:38,760 --> 00:00:40,170 For example, we can choose 22 00:00:40,170 --> 00:00:42,840 to use Transmission Control Protocol or TCP, 23 00:00:42,840 --> 00:00:44,580 as a way to establish a reliable connection 24 00:00:44,580 --> 00:00:46,110 between our network clients, 25 00:00:46,110 --> 00:00:47,910 or we can use the IP, 26 00:00:47,910 --> 00:00:49,110 or Internet Protocol, 27 00:00:49,110 --> 00:00:51,570 to provide ratable IP addresses for our clients 28 00:00:51,570 --> 00:00:53,430 so we can determine where to send our packets 29 00:00:53,430 --> 00:00:55,650 when they're transmitting them over the network. 30 00:00:55,650 --> 00:00:57,300 These ports and protocols really are 31 00:00:57,300 --> 00:00:58,530 the essential building blocks 32 00:00:58,530 --> 00:01:00,120 that allow our network devices to connect 33 00:01:00,120 --> 00:01:01,320 and share data efficiently 34 00:01:01,320 --> 00:01:04,110 and securely over our different types of networks. 35 00:01:04,110 --> 00:01:05,640 Now in this section of the course, 36 00:01:05,640 --> 00:01:07,440 we're going to be covering Ports and Protocols. 37 00:01:07,440 --> 00:01:10,830 I'll be focused solely on Domain 1 Networking Concepts. 38 00:01:10,830 --> 00:01:13,500 Specifically, we'll be covering Objective 1.4, 39 00:01:13,500 --> 00:01:14,520 which states that you must be able 40 00:01:14,520 --> 00:01:16,350 to explain common networking ports, 41 00:01:16,350 --> 00:01:19,020 protocols, services, and traffic types. 42 00:01:19,020 --> 00:01:19,950 First, we're going to look at 43 00:01:19,950 --> 00:01:21,870 the fundamental concepts surrounding ports, 44 00:01:21,870 --> 00:01:23,640 including the three different ranges of ports 45 00:01:23,640 --> 00:01:24,930 that we use in our networks. 46 00:01:24,930 --> 00:01:28,140 Well-known ports going from zero to 1023, 47 00:01:28,140 --> 00:01:32,640 registered ports going from 1024 to 49,151, 48 00:01:32,640 --> 00:01:34,350 and dynamic or private ports, 49 00:01:34,350 --> 00:01:36,600 going from 49,152, 50 00:01:36,600 --> 00:01:39,900 all the way up to 65,535. 51 00:01:39,900 --> 00:01:43,080 Then we're going to cover the Transmission Control Protocol. 52 00:01:43,080 --> 00:01:46,050 Next, we'll be discussing the User Datagram Protocol. 53 00:01:46,050 --> 00:01:47,250 After that, we'll explore 54 00:01:47,250 --> 00:01:49,140 the Internet Control Message Protocol. 55 00:01:49,140 --> 00:01:51,900 Then we'll discuss the different Web Ports and Protocols, 56 00:01:51,900 --> 00:01:54,210 including HTTP and HTTPS, 57 00:01:54,210 --> 00:01:57,180 which operate over Port 80 and Port 443. 58 00:01:57,180 --> 00:01:59,040 Next, we'll cover the different Email Ports 59 00:01:59,040 --> 00:02:00,240 and Protocols you need to know, 60 00:02:00,240 --> 00:02:03,240 including SMTP, POP3, and IMAP. 61 00:02:03,240 --> 00:02:05,310 SMTP is used for sending emails 62 00:02:05,310 --> 00:02:07,380 and it happens over Port 25. 63 00:02:07,380 --> 00:02:09,870 SMTPS is a secure version of this, 64 00:02:09,870 --> 00:02:12,330 and it operates over Port 587. 65 00:02:12,330 --> 00:02:16,107 POP3 is going to be used for receiving emails using Port 110, 66 00:02:16,107 --> 00:02:18,570 and IMAP is going to be used for receiving emails, 67 00:02:18,570 --> 00:02:21,720 and this time, we're going to do it over Port 143. 68 00:02:21,720 --> 00:02:22,980 After that, we'll discuss 69 00:02:22,980 --> 00:02:24,870 the different File Transfer Reports and Protocols, 70 00:02:24,870 --> 00:02:28,560 including FTP, SFTP, and TFTP. 71 00:02:28,560 --> 00:02:30,810 Now FTP is the File Transfer Protocol 72 00:02:30,810 --> 00:02:33,690 and it operates over Ports 20 and 21. 73 00:02:33,690 --> 00:02:37,020 Secure File Transfer Protocol operates over Port 22, 74 00:02:37,020 --> 00:02:38,850 and the Trivial File Transfer Protocol 75 00:02:38,850 --> 00:02:40,950 operates over Port 69. 76 00:02:40,950 --> 00:02:41,820 Then we're going to cover 77 00:02:41,820 --> 00:02:43,800 the different Remote Access Ports and Protocols, 78 00:02:43,800 --> 00:02:47,040 including SSH, Telnet and RDP. 79 00:02:47,040 --> 00:02:50,310 SSH or the Secure Shell is going to operate over Port 22. 80 00:02:50,310 --> 00:02:52,557 Telnet will operate on Port 23, 81 00:02:52,557 --> 00:02:54,840 and RDP, the Remote Desktop Protocol 82 00:02:54,840 --> 00:02:57,210 will operate on Port 3389. 83 00:02:57,210 --> 00:02:59,820 Next, we'll discuss Networking Service Ports and Protocols, 84 00:02:59,820 --> 00:03:04,200 including DNS, DHCP, SQL, SNMP, and Syslog. 85 00:03:04,200 --> 00:03:08,190 Now DNS or the Domain Name System operates on Port 53, 86 00:03:08,190 --> 00:03:11,100 DHCP or the Dynamic Host Control Protocol operates 87 00:03:11,100 --> 00:03:13,410 on Ports 67 and 68, 88 00:03:13,410 --> 00:03:15,450 SQL or the Structured Query Language 89 00:03:15,450 --> 00:03:17,850 will operate on Port 1433, 90 00:03:17,850 --> 00:03:20,310 SNMP or the Simple Network Management Protocol 91 00:03:20,310 --> 00:03:22,977 operates over Ports 161 and 162, 92 00:03:22,977 --> 00:03:26,310 and Syslog will operate on Port 514. 93 00:03:26,310 --> 00:03:27,390 Then we're going to cover 94 00:03:27,390 --> 00:03:29,640 some Other Network Service Ports and Protocols, 95 00:03:29,640 --> 00:03:31,170 including things like NTP, 96 00:03:31,170 --> 00:03:32,820 SIP and LDAP. 97 00:03:32,820 --> 00:03:34,710 NTP or the Network Time Protocol 98 00:03:34,710 --> 00:03:37,110 is going to operate on Port 123, 99 00:03:37,110 --> 00:03:39,210 SIP, or the Session Initiation Protocol 100 00:03:39,210 --> 00:03:42,420 will operate on Ports 5060 and 5061, 101 00:03:42,420 --> 00:03:44,850 and LDAP or the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol 102 00:03:44,850 --> 00:03:46,103 will operate over Port 389, 103 00:03:46,103 --> 00:03:49,080 and the secure variant of LDAP known as LDAPS 104 00:03:49,080 --> 00:03:51,420 will operate over Port 636. 105 00:03:51,420 --> 00:03:53,640 After that, I'm going to show you how you can scan your network 106 00:03:53,640 --> 00:03:55,440 for open ports and protocols using 107 00:03:55,440 --> 00:03:57,720 the network mapping tool known as Nmap. 108 00:03:57,720 --> 00:03:59,340 And finally, we'll take a short quiz 109 00:03:59,340 --> 00:04:01,320 to see what you learned during this section of the course 110 00:04:01,320 --> 00:04:02,520 and review your answers 111 00:04:02,520 --> 00:04:04,230 to ensure you understand why things were right 112 00:04:04,230 --> 00:04:05,610 and why things were wrong. 113 00:04:05,610 --> 00:04:06,870 So if you're ready, 114 00:04:06,870 --> 00:04:09,030 let's get started with our coverage of Ports and Protocols 115 00:04:09,030 --> 00:04:10,530 in this section of the course.