1 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:00,900 In this lesson, 2 00:00:00,900 --> 00:00:03,240 we're going to discuss a few incorrect configurations 3 00:00:03,240 --> 00:00:04,980 that you may commonly find as issues 4 00:00:04,980 --> 00:00:06,600 within your wireless networks. 5 00:00:06,600 --> 00:00:09,240 This includes things like the wrong SSID being used, 6 00:00:09,240 --> 00:00:11,010 the incorrect passphrase being used, 7 00:00:11,010 --> 00:00:13,050 and an encryption protocol mismatch. 8 00:00:13,050 --> 00:00:16,950 First, let's talk about service set identifiers, or SSIDs. 9 00:00:16,950 --> 00:00:19,860 Now, an SSID is simply a natural language name 10 00:00:19,860 --> 00:00:21,157 that's used to identify a wireless network 11 00:00:21,157 --> 00:00:23,820 in an 802.11 protocol. 12 00:00:23,820 --> 00:00:25,680 For example, if you're at a Starbucks 13 00:00:25,680 --> 00:00:27,060 drinking a latte right now, 14 00:00:27,060 --> 00:00:28,830 you may be connected to their wireless network, 15 00:00:28,830 --> 00:00:30,990 and it's called Starbucks Wi-Fi. 16 00:00:30,990 --> 00:00:34,110 Now, the word "Starbucks Wi-Fi" is the SSID. 17 00:00:34,110 --> 00:00:36,360 In general, I don't see an incorrect SSID 18 00:00:36,360 --> 00:00:38,100 being an issue for most people. 19 00:00:38,100 --> 00:00:40,350 This is because most people connect to a wireless network 20 00:00:40,350 --> 00:00:42,180 by clicking on the name from a drop-down menu 21 00:00:42,180 --> 00:00:44,760 in their Windows or Mac operating systems. 22 00:00:44,760 --> 00:00:47,370 But if you're configuring a device like a network printer 23 00:00:47,370 --> 00:00:49,770 and you're typing in the SSID manually, 24 00:00:49,770 --> 00:00:51,750 you need to ensure that you don't mistype it, 25 00:00:51,750 --> 00:00:54,690 or you're going to get an incorrect SSID error. 26 00:00:54,690 --> 00:00:56,640 Additionally, if you see another SSID 27 00:00:56,640 --> 00:00:58,680 that's similar to yours but it's not yours, 28 00:00:58,680 --> 00:01:00,630 and it's in the same general area as you, 29 00:01:00,630 --> 00:01:03,060 that means there may be an evil twin present. 30 00:01:03,060 --> 00:01:06,090 If this occurs, do not connect to that SSID, 31 00:01:06,090 --> 00:01:08,430 because the wrong SSID, if you connect to it, 32 00:01:08,430 --> 00:01:09,840 will lead to a malware infection 33 00:01:09,840 --> 00:01:12,780 or an on-path attack for your wireless clients. 34 00:01:12,780 --> 00:01:15,390 Next, we have the incorrect passphrase being used. 35 00:01:15,390 --> 00:01:17,880 Now, this one's pretty self-explanatory as well. 36 00:01:17,880 --> 00:01:19,560 If you're trying to connect to a wireless network 37 00:01:19,560 --> 00:01:21,210 using the correct SSID, 38 00:01:21,210 --> 00:01:23,550 and that network requires a pre-shared key or passphrase 39 00:01:23,550 --> 00:01:25,230 for you to connect to that wireless network, 40 00:01:25,230 --> 00:01:27,840 you need to enter the right passphrase or pre-shared key 41 00:01:27,840 --> 00:01:29,540 in order to authenticate to the network. 42 00:01:29,540 --> 00:01:30,810 If you put in the wrong one, 43 00:01:30,810 --> 00:01:32,400 it's not going to let you connect. 44 00:01:32,400 --> 00:01:34,740 Now, remember, a passphrase or a pre-shared key 45 00:01:34,740 --> 00:01:36,690 is used to encrypt and decrypt the data 46 00:01:36,690 --> 00:01:39,030 being sent and received by this wireless network. 47 00:01:39,030 --> 00:01:40,440 If you enter the wrong passphrase 48 00:01:40,440 --> 00:01:42,030 or the wrong pre-shared key, 49 00:01:42,030 --> 00:01:43,350 this wireless client you have 50 00:01:43,350 --> 00:01:45,720 is going to be disassociated from the access point, 51 00:01:45,720 --> 00:01:47,910 and it's going to attempt to, again, reconnect. 52 00:01:47,910 --> 00:01:50,010 So if you have the Saved Password button checked, 53 00:01:50,010 --> 00:01:52,110 it's going to keep trying with the wrong password, 54 00:01:52,110 --> 00:01:54,300 so you need to make sure you put the right one in. 55 00:01:54,300 --> 00:01:56,190 Now, there have been a few cases reported 56 00:01:56,190 --> 00:01:58,230 where users enter the proper passphrase, 57 00:01:58,230 --> 00:01:59,760 but the wireless access point 58 00:01:59,760 --> 00:02:02,010 still is reporting an incorrect passphrase. 59 00:02:02,010 --> 00:02:03,930 In these cases, the solution is usually 60 00:02:03,930 --> 00:02:06,300 to reinstall the wireless network adapter's drivers 61 00:02:06,300 --> 00:02:07,500 inside of Windows, 62 00:02:07,500 --> 00:02:09,120 because they may have become corrupted, 63 00:02:09,120 --> 00:02:11,070 and they're causing the passphrase that you entered 64 00:02:11,070 --> 00:02:12,360 to be incorrectly encrypted 65 00:02:12,360 --> 00:02:14,160 before it's sent to the wireless access point 66 00:02:14,160 --> 00:02:15,720 for that verification. 67 00:02:15,720 --> 00:02:16,980 So if you get an error 68 00:02:16,980 --> 00:02:19,080 stating that you have the incorrect passphrase, 69 00:02:19,080 --> 00:02:22,320 first, double-check your password and try entering it again. 70 00:02:22,320 --> 00:02:23,400 If that doesn't work, 71 00:02:23,400 --> 00:02:25,320 then you should attempt to reinstall the drivers 72 00:02:25,320 --> 00:02:27,990 for your wireless adapter within Windows. 73 00:02:27,990 --> 00:02:30,990 Next, let's talk a little bit about encryption protocols. 74 00:02:30,990 --> 00:02:32,730 Remember, most of our wireless networks 75 00:02:32,730 --> 00:02:34,380 are going to use some form of encryption. 76 00:02:34,380 --> 00:02:36,840 If we're using WEP, we're going to be using RC4 77 00:02:36,840 --> 00:02:38,130 as our encryption algorithm. 78 00:02:38,130 --> 00:02:40,620 If we're using WPA, we're going to be using TKIP 79 00:02:40,620 --> 00:02:41,970 as our encryption algorithm. 80 00:02:41,970 --> 00:02:44,790 If we're using WPA2, then we're going to be using a AES 81 00:02:44,790 --> 00:02:46,740 for our encryption by default. 82 00:02:46,740 --> 00:02:47,820 All right, if you're attempting 83 00:02:47,820 --> 00:02:49,410 to log onto a wireless network 84 00:02:49,410 --> 00:02:50,977 and you get an error that says something like, 85 00:02:50,977 --> 00:02:52,980 "Network security key mismatch," 86 00:02:52,980 --> 00:02:54,330 this could either mean you entered 87 00:02:54,330 --> 00:02:55,980 the wrong password or passphrase, 88 00:02:55,980 --> 00:02:58,260 or you're using the wrong encryption protocol 89 00:02:58,260 --> 00:02:59,790 for this type of network. 90 00:02:59,790 --> 00:03:03,150 Now, if this occurs, you can try one of three things. 91 00:03:03,150 --> 00:03:04,830 First, you can manually change 92 00:03:04,830 --> 00:03:06,480 the type of protocol that's being used 93 00:03:06,480 --> 00:03:08,550 by manually connecting to the wireless network, 94 00:03:08,550 --> 00:03:11,340 using the Network and Sharing Center inside of Windows. 95 00:03:11,340 --> 00:03:13,590 Second, you can disable any third-party 96 00:03:13,590 --> 00:03:15,180 antivirus tools you may be running, 97 00:03:15,180 --> 00:03:17,040 because they could often cause interference 98 00:03:17,040 --> 00:03:19,320 and cause issues with the wireless encryption protocols 99 00:03:19,320 --> 00:03:21,480 and some network adapters' drivers. 100 00:03:21,480 --> 00:03:24,030 Third, you can attempt to reinstall the wireless drivers 101 00:03:24,030 --> 00:03:25,710 for your wireless network adapter, 102 00:03:25,710 --> 00:03:27,420 as they may have been corrupted over time 103 00:03:27,420 --> 00:03:29,220 and they might need to be replaced. 104 00:03:29,220 --> 00:03:31,530 Now, in general, when you connect to a wireless network, 105 00:03:31,530 --> 00:03:33,690 it's going to be pretty simple and straightforward. 106 00:03:33,690 --> 00:03:35,550 As long as you're using the right SSID, 107 00:03:35,550 --> 00:03:37,800 the right passphrase and the right encryption protocol, 108 00:03:37,800 --> 00:03:39,480 you'll be able to make that connection. 109 00:03:39,480 --> 00:03:41,520 If you believe you entered all of these things correctly 110 00:03:41,520 --> 00:03:42,780 and it's still not working, 111 00:03:42,780 --> 00:03:45,120 it could be a deeper issue within your operating system 112 00:03:45,120 --> 00:03:48,003 or network drivers that needs to be identified and fixed.