1 00:00:00,080 --> 00:00:02,930 OECD and EU standards for trustworthy AI. 2 00:00:02,930 --> 00:00:08,720 The organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development and the European Union have both established 3 00:00:08,720 --> 00:00:12,290 comprehensive frameworks for trustworthy artificial intelligence. 4 00:00:12,590 --> 00:00:18,680 These frameworks are designed to foster innovation while ensuring that AI systems are ethical, transparent 5 00:00:18,680 --> 00:00:20,600 and aligned with human values. 6 00:00:21,050 --> 00:00:28,670 The OECD's AI principles adopted in 2019 emphasize inclusiveness, transparency, accountability, robustness, 7 00:00:28,670 --> 00:00:30,290 security, and safety. 8 00:00:30,830 --> 00:00:36,560 Similarly, the EU's Ethics Guidelines for trustworthy AI published by the High Level Expert Group on 9 00:00:36,560 --> 00:00:43,400 AI in 2019, stress respect for human autonomy, prevention of harm, fairness and explicability. 10 00:00:44,060 --> 00:00:49,010 Together, these standards form a robust foundation for responsible AI governance. 11 00:00:50,000 --> 00:00:53,870 The OECD AI principles are anchored in five key areas. 12 00:00:54,230 --> 00:00:59,830 First, I should benefit people and the planet by driving inclusive growth, sustainable development 13 00:00:59,830 --> 00:01:00,820 and wellbeing. 14 00:01:01,210 --> 00:01:05,980 This principle underscores the importance of ensuring that AI technologies contribute positively to 15 00:01:06,010 --> 00:01:09,610 society and do not exacerbate existing inequalities. 16 00:01:10,180 --> 00:01:15,940 Second, AI systems should be designed in a way that respects the rule of law, human rights, democratic 17 00:01:15,940 --> 00:01:17,590 values, and diversity. 18 00:01:18,010 --> 00:01:24,520 This includes principles of fairness and non-discrimination, ensuring that AI does not perpetuate biases 19 00:01:24,520 --> 00:01:26,740 or infringe upon individual rights. 20 00:01:27,460 --> 00:01:32,020 Third, there is a strong emphasis on transparency and responsible disclosure. 21 00:01:32,410 --> 00:01:38,200 This principle argues that AI systems should be transparent and explainable, allowing users to understand 22 00:01:38,200 --> 00:01:40,870 and trust the decisions made by these systems. 23 00:01:41,320 --> 00:01:47,440 Fourth, AI systems must function in a robust, secure and safe manner throughout their life cycles. 24 00:01:47,470 --> 00:01:53,160 This includes not only technical robustness and safety, but also the capacity to deal with errors or 25 00:01:53,160 --> 00:01:54,540 inconsistencies. 26 00:01:55,200 --> 00:02:01,200 Finally, organizations and individuals developing, deploying, or operating AI systems should be held 27 00:02:01,200 --> 00:02:05,070 accountable for their proper functioning in line with the above principles. 28 00:02:06,870 --> 00:02:13,530 The EU's ethics guidelines for trustworthy AI build on similar foundations but offer additional granularity. 29 00:02:13,530 --> 00:02:17,070 They propose a framework based on seven key requirements. 30 00:02:17,400 --> 00:02:23,790 These include human agency and oversight, which ensures that AI systems support human autonomy and 31 00:02:23,790 --> 00:02:24,840 decision making. 32 00:02:25,320 --> 00:02:30,900 Technical robustness and safety are also highlighted, emphasizing resilience to attack and security 33 00:02:30,930 --> 00:02:35,250 fallbacks in case of failure, and accurate and reliable AI systems. 34 00:02:35,250 --> 00:02:41,130 Privacy and data governance are crucial, ensuring that personal data is protected and used responsibly. 35 00:02:41,460 --> 00:02:47,970 Transparency, including traceability, explainability and communication, is another key requirement 36 00:02:47,970 --> 00:02:52,060 ensuring that AI operations are comprehensible to all stakeholders. 37 00:02:52,300 --> 00:02:58,330 Diversity, non-discrimination and fairness guarantee that AI systems are accessible and do not harm 38 00:02:58,330 --> 00:03:00,430 or discriminate against any groups. 39 00:03:00,430 --> 00:03:06,880 Societal and environmental well-being focuses on ensuring that AI systems contribute positively to society 40 00:03:06,880 --> 00:03:07,960 and the environment. 41 00:03:08,380 --> 00:03:14,770 Finally, accountability mechanisms should be in place ensuring that organizations implementing AI are 42 00:03:14,770 --> 00:03:16,210 answerable for their systems. 43 00:03:16,210 --> 00:03:17,110 Outcomes. 44 00:03:18,280 --> 00:03:24,160 The integration of these principles and guidelines into AI governance frameworks is not merely theoretical, 45 00:03:24,160 --> 00:03:26,170 but has practical implications. 46 00:03:26,440 --> 00:03:32,320 For instance, the GDPR in the EU has provisions that overlap with AI ethics, particularly concerning 47 00:03:32,320 --> 00:03:34,120 data privacy and protection. 48 00:03:34,690 --> 00:03:40,870 GDPR mandates that individuals have the right to explanation when subjected to automated decision making, 49 00:03:40,870 --> 00:03:46,800 reflecting the transparency and accountability principles outlined in the EU guidelines. 50 00:03:47,220 --> 00:03:52,920 Moreover, the OECD and EU frameworks have influenced regulatory developments in other regions. 51 00:03:53,400 --> 00:03:58,800 For example, the Canadian Directive on Automated Decision Making incorporates similar principles, 52 00:03:58,800 --> 00:04:03,630 ensuring that government use of AI is transparent, equitable and accountable. 53 00:04:05,160 --> 00:04:08,850 Statistics illustrate the growing importance of these frameworks. 54 00:04:09,600 --> 00:04:15,960 As of 2020, over 60 countries have adopted national AI strategies, many of which align closely with 55 00:04:15,960 --> 00:04:18,150 the OECD and EU guidelines. 56 00:04:18,660 --> 00:04:24,360 This global adoption underscores the relevance and applicability of these standards in guiding responsible 57 00:04:24,390 --> 00:04:26,280 AI development and deployment. 58 00:04:27,060 --> 00:04:33,930 Furthermore, a 2021 survey found that 76% of organizations consider ethics to be a crucial factor in 59 00:04:33,930 --> 00:04:39,600 their AI strategies, reflecting the increasing recognition of the importance of trustworthy AI. 60 00:04:41,480 --> 00:04:47,120 Examples of the application of these principles can be seen in various sectors in healthcare. 61 00:04:47,150 --> 00:04:53,180 AI systems are being developed to assist in diagnostic processes, treatment recommendations, and patient 62 00:04:53,180 --> 00:04:53,930 management. 63 00:04:54,380 --> 00:05:00,320 These systems must adhere to the principles of transparency, accountability, and fairness to ensure 64 00:05:00,320 --> 00:05:03,380 that they provide accurate and unbiased information. 65 00:05:03,890 --> 00:05:09,920 For instance, IBM's Watson for oncology has been designed to support oncologists by providing evidence 66 00:05:09,950 --> 00:05:11,390 based treatment options. 67 00:05:11,420 --> 00:05:17,420 However, it has faced scrutiny regarding its transparency and accuracy, highlighting the need for 68 00:05:17,420 --> 00:05:19,400 robust governance frameworks. 69 00:05:19,850 --> 00:05:25,100 In finance, AI is used for credit scoring, fraud detection and algorithmic trading. 70 00:05:25,430 --> 00:05:31,490 Ensuring that these systems are fair, transparent and accountable is crucial to maintaining trust and 71 00:05:31,490 --> 00:05:32,900 preventing discrimination. 72 00:05:32,930 --> 00:05:38,800 The EU's ethics guidelines have been influential in shaping regulations that govern the use of AI in 73 00:05:38,800 --> 00:05:44,140 financial services, ensuring that these systems respect human rights and democratic values. 74 00:05:44,680 --> 00:05:45,370 Baths. 75 00:05:45,790 --> 00:05:51,940 The development and implementation of trustworthy AI are ongoing processes that require continuous monitoring, 76 00:05:51,970 --> 00:05:54,010 evaluation, and adaptation. 77 00:05:54,430 --> 00:06:00,670 The OECD and EU frameworks provide a solid foundation, but the dynamic nature of AI technology necessitates 78 00:06:00,670 --> 00:06:03,010 that these guidelines evolve over time. 79 00:06:03,460 --> 00:06:09,220 Stakeholder engagement, including input from industry, academia, civil society, and the public, 80 00:06:09,220 --> 00:06:13,390 is essential to ensure that these frameworks remain relevant and effective. 81 00:06:14,230 --> 00:06:20,230 Additionally, international cooperation is crucial to harmonize standards and promote global adherence 82 00:06:20,230 --> 00:06:22,030 to ethical AI principles. 83 00:06:22,480 --> 00:06:28,600 This collaboration is particularly important as AI systems often operate across borders, and inconsistencies 84 00:06:28,600 --> 00:06:37,040 in regulations can lead to ethical and legal challenges In conclusion, the OECD and EU standards for 85 00:06:37,040 --> 00:06:42,830 trustworthy AI provide a comprehensive and robust framework for ensuring that AI systems are developed 86 00:06:42,830 --> 00:06:44,510 and deployed responsibly. 87 00:06:44,870 --> 00:06:51,170 These standards emphasize principles such as transparency, accountability, fairness and safety, which 88 00:06:51,170 --> 00:06:54,650 are crucial for maintaining public trust and preventing harm. 89 00:06:55,430 --> 00:07:00,530 The practical implications of these frameworks are evident in various sectors, including healthcare 90 00:07:00,530 --> 00:07:06,680 and finance, where AI systems must adhere to ethical guidelines to ensure their positive impact. 91 00:07:07,370 --> 00:07:12,200 The global adoption of these principles, and the increasing recognition of the importance of trustworthy 92 00:07:12,230 --> 00:07:16,250 AI underscore the relevance and applicability of these standards. 93 00:07:17,240 --> 00:07:19,550 As AI technology continues to evolve. 94 00:07:19,580 --> 00:07:25,130 Ongoing monitoring, evaluation, and international cooperation will be essential to ensure that these 95 00:07:25,130 --> 00:07:27,470 frameworks remain effective and relevant.