1 00:00:00,050 --> 00:00:03,230 Lesson overview of eye specific laws and regulations. 2 00:00:03,260 --> 00:00:08,900 Artificial intelligence has swiftly transitioned from a niche technology to a cornerstone of modern 3 00:00:08,900 --> 00:00:13,070 industries, revolutionizing sectors from health care to finance. 4 00:00:13,820 --> 00:00:20,060 This transformation has prompted governments and regulatory bodies worldwide to craft laws and regulations, 5 00:00:20,060 --> 00:00:24,080 specifically addressing AI's unique challenges and opportunities. 6 00:00:24,530 --> 00:00:30,920 Understanding these AI specific laws and regulations is crucial for anyone pursuing an AI governance 7 00:00:30,920 --> 00:00:36,680 professional certification, particularly in the context of ensuring compliance and fostering ethical 8 00:00:36,710 --> 00:00:37,880 AI development. 9 00:00:39,290 --> 00:00:45,740 AI specific regulations are designed to address a variety of concerns, including transparency, accountability, 10 00:00:45,770 --> 00:00:47,630 fairness, and privacy. 11 00:00:47,780 --> 00:00:54,200 These regulations are necessary due to AI's potential to disrupt existing norms and introduce new risks. 12 00:00:54,500 --> 00:01:00,650 One of the primary concerns is the opacity of AI algorithms, often referred to as the black box problem. 13 00:01:00,890 --> 00:01:06,770 This issue arises because many AI systems, especially those based on deep learning, operate in ways 14 00:01:06,770 --> 00:01:09,230 that are not easily interpretable by humans. 15 00:01:10,010 --> 00:01:15,560 This lack of transparency can lead to difficulties in accountability, particularly when AI systems 16 00:01:15,560 --> 00:01:20,210 make decisions that significantly impact individuals lives. 17 00:01:20,600 --> 00:01:26,360 The European Union has been at the forefront of AI regulation, with the General Data Protection Regulation 18 00:01:26,360 --> 00:01:28,910 serving as a foundational legal framework. 19 00:01:29,330 --> 00:01:35,450 The GDPR, which came into effect in 2018, includes provisions that directly impact AI. 20 00:01:35,510 --> 00:01:42,380 For instance, article 22 of the GDPR grants individuals the right not to be subject to decisions based 21 00:01:42,380 --> 00:01:47,810 solely on automated processing, including profiling, which can significantly affect them. 22 00:01:47,840 --> 00:01:54,350 This provision necessitates that organizations deploying AI systems ensure human oversight and the ability 23 00:01:54,350 --> 00:01:56,600 to explain AI driven decisions. 24 00:01:57,590 --> 00:02:03,410 In addition to the GDPR, the EU has proposed the artificial Intelligence Act, which aims to create 25 00:02:03,410 --> 00:02:06,680 a comprehensive regulatory framework for AI. 26 00:02:07,010 --> 00:02:13,340 This act categorizes AI systems into different risk levels, ranging from minimal risk to high risk, 27 00:02:13,340 --> 00:02:15,980 with corresponding regulatory requirements. 28 00:02:16,340 --> 00:02:22,100 High risk AI systems, such as those used in critical infrastructure, health care, and law enforcement, 29 00:02:22,100 --> 00:02:28,130 would be subject to stringent requirements, including mandatory risk assessments, transparency obligations, 30 00:02:28,130 --> 00:02:30,050 and robust human oversight. 31 00:02:30,350 --> 00:02:35,330 This risk based approach aims to balance innovation with the need to protect fundamental rights and 32 00:02:35,330 --> 00:02:37,910 ensure public trust in AI technologies. 33 00:02:39,680 --> 00:02:45,020 The United States has taken a more sector specific approach to AI regulation, with various federal 34 00:02:45,020 --> 00:02:50,060 agencies developing guidelines and frameworks tailored to their respective domains. 35 00:02:50,390 --> 00:02:56,450 For example, the Federal Trade Commission has issued guidelines on the use of AI in consumer protection, 36 00:02:56,450 --> 00:03:00,260 emphasizing fairness, transparency, and accountability. 37 00:03:00,980 --> 00:03:06,860 The FTC's guidelines highlight the importance of avoiding biased outcomes, ensuring the accuracy of 38 00:03:06,860 --> 00:03:11,450 AI driven decisions and providing clear explanations to consumers. 39 00:03:11,990 --> 00:03:17,660 These principles are particularly relevant in sectors such as finance and healthcare, where AI driven 40 00:03:17,660 --> 00:03:21,290 decisions can have significant consequences for individuals. 41 00:03:22,610 --> 00:03:27,830 Furthermore, the National Institute of Standards and Technology has developed an AI risk Management 42 00:03:27,830 --> 00:03:33,620 framework, which provides organizations with a structured approach to identifying, assessing, and 43 00:03:33,620 --> 00:03:36,590 managing risks associated with AI systems. 44 00:03:36,620 --> 00:03:42,800 This framework encourages the adoption of best practices in AI development, including rigorous testing, 45 00:03:42,800 --> 00:03:46,670 validation, and continuous monitoring of AI systems. 46 00:03:47,570 --> 00:03:53,600 By promoting a risk based approach, the NIST framework aims to enhance the reliability and trustworthiness 47 00:03:53,600 --> 00:03:55,130 of AI technologies. 48 00:03:56,600 --> 00:04:02,870 China has also been proactive in establishing AI regulations, with a focus on promoting innovation 49 00:04:02,870 --> 00:04:05,900 while addressing ethical and social concerns. 50 00:04:06,410 --> 00:04:12,160 The Chinese government has issued several policy documents and guidelines, including the New Generation 51 00:04:12,160 --> 00:04:18,130 Artificial Intelligence Development Plan and the Guiding opinions on promoting the healthy development 52 00:04:18,130 --> 00:04:18,940 of AI. 53 00:04:19,420 --> 00:04:25,060 These documents outline China's strategic vision for AI development and emphasize the importance of 54 00:04:25,060 --> 00:04:29,830 ethical principles such as fairness, transparency, and accountability. 55 00:04:30,430 --> 00:04:36,460 Additionally, China has implemented specific regulations for AI applications in sectors like finance 56 00:04:36,460 --> 00:04:42,460 and healthcare, requiring organizations to obtain licenses and adhere to stringent data protection 57 00:04:42,460 --> 00:04:43,330 standards. 58 00:04:44,680 --> 00:04:50,170 Beyond national regulations, international organizations have also been actively involved in shaping 59 00:04:50,200 --> 00:04:51,280 AI governance. 60 00:04:51,670 --> 00:04:57,550 The organization for Economic Cooperation and Development has developed the OECD principles on AI, 61 00:04:57,580 --> 00:05:01,570 which provide a global framework for responsible AI development. 62 00:05:02,200 --> 00:05:07,360 These principles include commitments to inclusive growth, sustainable development, human centered 63 00:05:07,360 --> 00:05:11,440 values, transparency, robustness and accountability. 64 00:05:11,440 --> 00:05:17,770 The OECD principles on AI have been endorsed by over 40 countries, reflecting a broad consensus on 65 00:05:17,770 --> 00:05:20,950 the need for a coordinated approach to AI regulation. 66 00:05:22,660 --> 00:05:28,360 Despite these efforts, challenges remain in harmonizing AI regulations across jurisdictions. 67 00:05:28,810 --> 00:05:34,570 The global nature of AI development and deployment means that discrepancies in regulatory approaches 68 00:05:34,570 --> 00:05:40,570 can create barriers to innovation and complicate compliance efforts for multinational organizations. 69 00:05:40,960 --> 00:05:46,690 To address this issue, there have been calls for greater international cooperation and the establishment 70 00:05:46,690 --> 00:05:49,000 of common standards for AI governance. 71 00:05:51,070 --> 00:05:57,550 One example of such cooperation is the Global Partnership on AI, an international initiative that brings 72 00:05:57,550 --> 00:06:02,950 together governments, industry, and academia to promote the responsible development and use of AI. 73 00:06:03,460 --> 00:06:10,270 Gpei aims to facilitate the sharing of best practices, foster collaboration on AI research, and support 74 00:06:10,270 --> 00:06:17,010 the development of international standards by providing a platform for dialogue and cooperation, Gpei 75 00:06:17,040 --> 00:06:22,710 seeks to bridge the gap between different regulatory approaches and promote a cohesive global framework 76 00:06:22,710 --> 00:06:24,060 for AI governance. 77 00:06:25,110 --> 00:06:31,320 In conclusion, the landscape of AI specific laws and regulations is complex and multifaceted, reflecting 78 00:06:31,320 --> 00:06:35,250 the diverse challenges and opportunities presented by AI technologies. 79 00:06:35,640 --> 00:06:42,900 The EU, United States, China and international organisations like the OECD and Gpei have all contributed 80 00:06:42,900 --> 00:06:45,300 to shaping the regulatory environment for AI. 81 00:06:45,570 --> 00:06:51,150 These efforts emphasize the importance of transparency, accountability, fairness, and privacy in 82 00:06:51,150 --> 00:06:52,860 AI development and deployment. 83 00:06:53,190 --> 00:06:58,200 For professionals pursuing an AI governance professional certification, a thorough understanding of 84 00:06:58,200 --> 00:07:04,710 these regulations is essential to ensure compliance, foster ethical AI practices, and navigate the 85 00:07:04,710 --> 00:07:06,390 evolving legal landscape. 86 00:07:08,040 --> 00:07:10,800 T a c.