1 00:00:00,050 --> 00:00:01,880 Lesson key components of us I. 2 00:00:01,910 --> 00:00:03,110 Related state laws. 3 00:00:03,140 --> 00:00:09,410 The regulatory landscape for artificial intelligence in the United States is complex and varied, reflecting 4 00:00:09,410 --> 00:00:13,430 the multifaceted nature of AI technologies and their applications. 5 00:00:13,970 --> 00:00:19,700 State laws have been instrumental in shaping the governance of AI, each addressing unique aspects of 6 00:00:19,700 --> 00:00:21,590 this rapidly advancing field. 7 00:00:22,070 --> 00:00:28,400 These state level regulations play a crucial role in areas such as data privacy, algorithmic transparency, 8 00:00:28,430 --> 00:00:32,270 biometric data use, and autonomous vehicles, among others. 9 00:00:32,300 --> 00:00:38,000 Understanding the key components of these laws is essential for professionals seeking to navigate the 10 00:00:38,000 --> 00:00:40,340 regulatory environment effectively. 11 00:00:41,480 --> 00:00:48,200 California, as a forerunner in technology regulation, has been particularly proactive in AI governance. 12 00:00:48,920 --> 00:00:54,800 The California Consumer Privacy Act of 2018 is one of the most comprehensive privacy laws in the United 13 00:00:54,800 --> 00:00:59,360 States, granting consumers extensive rights over their personal data. 14 00:01:00,140 --> 00:01:05,930 The CcpA mandates that businesses disclose the categories of personal information they collect, and 15 00:01:05,930 --> 00:01:08,360 the purposes for which the data is used. 16 00:01:08,400 --> 00:01:14,190 It also provides consumers with the right to access, delete and opt out of the sale of their personal 17 00:01:14,190 --> 00:01:15,030 information. 18 00:01:15,780 --> 00:01:21,420 This law has significant implications for AI systems that rely on vast amounts of personal data for 19 00:01:21,420 --> 00:01:22,830 training and operation. 20 00:01:23,340 --> 00:01:30,030 By requiring transparency and giving consumers control over their data, the CcpA indirectly influences 21 00:01:30,030 --> 00:01:36,150 how AI technologies are developed and deployed, ensuring that data privacy considerations are embedded 22 00:01:36,150 --> 00:01:39,210 in the design and implementation of AI systems. 23 00:01:40,440 --> 00:01:46,080 In addition to California, Illinois has taken significant steps in regulating AI, particularly through 24 00:01:46,080 --> 00:01:48,660 its Biometric Information Privacy Act. 25 00:01:49,170 --> 00:01:55,380 Enacted in 2008, BP is one of the strictest biometric privacy laws in the United States. 26 00:01:55,410 --> 00:02:01,950 It requires private entities to obtain informed consent before collecting biometric data such as fingerprints, 27 00:02:01,950 --> 00:02:04,830 facial recognition data, and iris scans. 28 00:02:05,160 --> 00:02:10,830 Entities must also inform individuals about the specific purpose and duration for which their biometric 29 00:02:10,830 --> 00:02:12,090 data will be used. 30 00:02:12,810 --> 00:02:18,400 Non-compliance with HIPAA can result in substantial fines and legal consequences. 31 00:02:18,880 --> 00:02:25,480 This law is especially pertinent given the increasing use of AI in biometric identification and authentication 32 00:02:25,480 --> 00:02:26,260 systems. 33 00:02:26,560 --> 00:02:32,170 By setting stringent requirements for the collection and use of biometric data, Bipa ensures that AI 34 00:02:32,170 --> 00:02:36,580 applications in this domain prioritize user consent and data security. 35 00:02:37,480 --> 00:02:42,910 Another key aspect of state level AI regulation is the focus on autonomous vehicles. 36 00:02:42,940 --> 00:02:48,850 Several states, including Arizona, Nevada, and Michigan, have enacted laws and policies to facilitate 37 00:02:48,850 --> 00:02:50,980 the testing and deployment of Avs. 38 00:02:51,280 --> 00:02:56,980 Arizona, for example, has adopted a relatively lenient regulatory approach, allowing companies to 39 00:02:57,010 --> 00:03:02,200 test Avs without a human driver present, provided they meet certain safety requirements. 40 00:03:02,620 --> 00:03:09,160 This regulatory flexibility has made Arizona a popular testing ground for companies like Waymo and Uber. 41 00:03:09,550 --> 00:03:15,730 In contrast, California has implemented more stringent regulations requiring companies to obtain permits 42 00:03:15,730 --> 00:03:21,040 for testing Avs and mandating detailed reporting on disengagements and accidents. 43 00:03:21,640 --> 00:03:24,110 These differing approaches highlight the balance. 44 00:03:24,110 --> 00:03:28,790 States aim to strike between fostering innovation and ensuring public safety. 45 00:03:29,090 --> 00:03:35,630 State laws governing Avs are critical as they address the unique challenges posed by AI driven transportation, 46 00:03:35,630 --> 00:03:41,060 such as liability in case of accidents, cybersecurity, and the ethical implications of decision making 47 00:03:41,060 --> 00:03:42,080 algorithms. 48 00:03:43,910 --> 00:03:49,820 The ethical and social implications of AI have also prompted states to consider regulations related 49 00:03:49,820 --> 00:03:53,030 to algorithmic transparency and accountability. 50 00:03:53,060 --> 00:04:00,170 New York City, for instance, has enacted Local Law 49 of 2018, which requires the creation of an 51 00:04:00,170 --> 00:04:02,840 Automated Decision Systems Task Force. 52 00:04:03,380 --> 00:04:09,050 This task force is tasked with evaluating and making recommendations on the use of automated decision 53 00:04:09,050 --> 00:04:15,140 systems by city agencies, including algorithms used in areas such as law enforcement, housing, and 54 00:04:15,140 --> 00:04:16,100 education. 55 00:04:16,970 --> 00:04:22,670 The law aims to ensure that automated decision making systems are transparent, fair and accountable, 56 00:04:22,670 --> 00:04:29,300 addressing concerns about bias and discrimination in AI algorithms by mandating oversight and evaluation. 57 00:04:29,330 --> 00:04:34,950 New York City's approach seeks to build public trust in AI systems and ensure they are used ethically 58 00:04:34,950 --> 00:04:39,060 and responsibly in the realm of labor and employment. 59 00:04:39,090 --> 00:04:44,790 States like Washington have introduced legislation to address the impact of AI on the workforce. 60 00:04:45,570 --> 00:04:52,350 The Washington State AI strategy, unveiled in 2021, outlines a comprehensive approach to integrating 61 00:04:52,380 --> 00:04:57,930 AI into the state's economy while safeguarding workers rights and promoting job creation. 62 00:04:58,710 --> 00:05:04,410 This strategy includes initiatives to upskill workers, promote Stem education, and ensure that AI 63 00:05:04,440 --> 00:05:09,810 technologies are deployed in ways that enhance productivity without displacing jobs. 64 00:05:10,320 --> 00:05:15,840 By focusing on workforce development and economic inclusion, Washington's strategy underscores the 65 00:05:15,840 --> 00:05:22,020 importance of preparing for the societal impacts of AI and ensuring that the benefits of AI are broadly 66 00:05:22,020 --> 00:05:22,680 shared. 67 00:05:24,180 --> 00:05:29,940 The varied approaches taken by different states underscore the decentralized nature of AI governance 68 00:05:29,940 --> 00:05:31,230 in the United States. 69 00:05:31,620 --> 00:05:37,320 While this allows for tailored solutions that address specific local needs and priorities, it also 70 00:05:37,320 --> 00:05:41,800 presents challenges in terms of regulatory consistency and coherence. 71 00:05:42,490 --> 00:05:48,370 Companies operating across multiple states must navigate a patchwork of regulations, which can increase 72 00:05:48,370 --> 00:05:50,770 compliance costs and create uncertainty. 73 00:05:51,430 --> 00:05:57,610 Nevertheless, state level initiatives provide valuable insights and best practices that can inform 74 00:05:57,610 --> 00:06:00,790 national and international AI governance frameworks. 75 00:06:01,720 --> 00:06:07,090 In conclusion, state laws in the United States play a pivotal role in shaping the governance of AI 76 00:06:07,120 --> 00:06:13,900 technologies through regulations on data privacy, biometric data use, autonomous vehicles, algorithmic 77 00:06:13,930 --> 00:06:16,360 transparency, and workforce impacts. 78 00:06:16,390 --> 00:06:21,400 States are addressing the multifaceted challenges and opportunities presented by AI. 79 00:06:21,790 --> 00:06:27,460 These laws not only protect individual rights and public safety, but also promote ethical and responsible 80 00:06:27,490 --> 00:06:28,690 AI development. 81 00:06:29,290 --> 00:06:30,940 As AI continues to evolve. 82 00:06:30,970 --> 00:06:36,760 Ongoing dialogue and collaboration between states, the federal government, and international partners 83 00:06:36,760 --> 00:06:42,160 will be essential to create a cohesive and effective regulatory environment that fosters innovation 84 00:06:42,160 --> 00:06:44,410 while safeguarding societal values.