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In this section, we'll get a
first look at object-oriented

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or oo programming.

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We've already done a bit of oo
programming when we use the standard

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string and vector classes, but now
we'll learn much more about oo

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programming and especially how to
create our own classes and objects.

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Before learning about c++
object-oriented features, we'll

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learn what oo programming is and
why it's so popular and useful.

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Then we'll learn exactly what
classes and objects are, and how

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they work in the world of oo.

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We'll see how to declare some
simple classes and create

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objects from those classes.

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We'll then see how we can use the dot
operator and the pointer operators,

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so that we can get to the parts of
an object that we want to access.

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Two of the main strengths of object
orientation are encapsulation

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and information hiding.

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We'll define these concepts in this
section and see how c++ is public

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and private access modifiers,
allow us to prevent access to parts

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of our code while still allowing
access to the interface that will

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be used by other programmers.

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Then we'll turn our attention
to the many ways that we can

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construct or initialize our objects.

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This is all done with constructors.

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These are methods that we write
that give us control over exactly

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how our objects are created.

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There are lots of variations
in constructors, and we'll

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look at the most common and
understand their primary purpose.

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We'll learn about initializer
lists, default, overloaded, copy

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and move constructors, and we'll
see when and how to implement them.

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Sometimes when we work with
pointers inside classes.

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We have to be aware of whether
the pointer or what the pointer

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is pointing to is being copied.

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This concept is called
shallow versus deep copying.

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By default, c++ provides
shallow copying.

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But sometimes we need to do more than
that, and we'll learn how and why.

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We'll also discuss destructors.

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Sometimes when an object is
destroyed, there can be things that

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we have to do to tidy up after them.

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This might include closing files,
freeing allocated memory, writing

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log messages to files and so forth.

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C++ provides destructors that
are called automatically when

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objects are going to be destroyed.

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Then we'll learn about the
this pointer, which many

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times confuses beginning c++
programmers, but don't worry,

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it's pretty simple once explained.

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Sometimes when we write oo programs,
we want certain attributes to

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belong to the entire class and
not to the objects themselves.

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That's exactly what static
class members allow you to do.

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Finally, we'll wrap up this section
by understanding the difference

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between structs and classes and
see how c plus plus classes can grant

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friendship privileges to other
parts of the program so they can

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access private information in
an easy but controlled manner.

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Once you complete this section,
you'll have the basic fundamentals

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necessary to model your programs
using real-world objects.

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This will not only help you think
more abstractly, it'll also make your

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code more robust, easier to debug
and easier for others to modify.

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This sounds like a lot to learn,
but we'll take it in small steps

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and build up our classes as we go.

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Let's get started with
oo programming and c++.