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Hi.

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Welcome back to the official third Cup series.

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We're going to talk about package management and other repositories.

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So package management essentials for the Kali Linux operating system.

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And useful things that can will help you better optimize your.

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Penetration, testing, distribution.

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So this is the outline.

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So we're going to look at the Debian package management tools or the D package which stands for the

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DBM package manager and also the HPT.

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One of the essential qualities of Kali Linux is its adaptability of packages, which.

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Makes installation, upgrading and removal process very easy.

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It's important to understand how.

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To take advantage of these so you can streamline your operations.

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If you're working for a Linux for a long time.

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You'll understand the difficulty in many cases of compiling programs from source code.

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Because compilers take so much time and debugging and making changes.

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It can be very stressful even to run only a few tools.

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So the Kali package management system as well as the repositories, make it easier on you to stay up

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to date on the latest and greatest tools without having to compile them by hand.

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This is our chapter flow.

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So we're going to look at packages, we're going to look at AAPT, we'll look at AAPT and be packaged

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together.

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We'll talk about the sources list file and what needs to go in there and what some optional things that

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might go on there as well.

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We're going to look at the package log file and as well as the synaptic package manager.

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So let's do a brief introduction to packages and AAPT.

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So of course it's flexible to upgrade packages, software or move software and even the OS itself.

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So we've got to take some.

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Hat tips to the Debian operating system.

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Of which Kelly Lennox is based on a binary package, which is a dot Debbie file or a Debian package

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contains the files that can be directly used while a source package contains source code.

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So if you have a dot db file, you have.

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A prepackaged program.

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If you just have some executable code, then you have to actually compile it in order to be able to

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make it executable, in order to be able to run it.

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So b d package is built to be able to process and install dot DB packages.

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But if there's an unsatisfied dependency, usually the package will list the missing dependency and

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let you install that manually so you can be able to install the file.

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So the daemon package contains all the applications, documents and any other metadata, including application

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dependencies and the contents that help.

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You'd be better able to manage the packages, particularly the lifestyle life cycle.

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So the app stands for the Advanced Package Tool.

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Now we're going to go ahead and look at.

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The main page for that.

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Let's go over to our colleague Linux Distribution and let's look at the AP.

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So.

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Again, this is the high level command line interface.

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You have the update command, the upgrade command.

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You can do a full upgrade.

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You can install, remove, purge, you can auto remove packages that are out of date.

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You can even show.

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The APT Cash app or the advanced package tool can.

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Let you install applications, remove applications, and even upgrade your whole system.

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The package installs a package locally or located on your system and does not automatically resolve

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dependencies.

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So that's the main difference between the package and APD.

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So apt risk retrieves its packages from a repository, a package storage system, or more importantly,

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the FC apt sources list file.

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So there are some capability with being able to edit the sources doubtless file more, but you're better

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off going to the file itself.

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So let's go do an apt dash get update.

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I notice it's going out to the Cally repositories and it's pulling down some information again.

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This is a new install of a virtual machine.

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So even with only a short amount of time, there are updates.

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So you can see how frequently updates do come along.

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So let's go ahead and clear the screen.

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Let's go ahead and apt get auto remove.

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So we'll get rid of any obsolete packages.

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So no packages there.

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Let's do an apt get upgrade, see if there are any upgrades and yes, there are upgrades that need to

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be done.

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So let's go ahead and do that.

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While that's going in the background, we'll go ahead and open up a new tab.

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Let's go ahead and.

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Edit I'm going to use G at it because it's a little bit easier to see in my view and work with, especially

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for live demos, sources lists.

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The G added is not installed by default.

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I want to go ahead and go grab that as well.

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Of course, we have to wait on the the update here now.

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So we'll go ahead and use them.

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So this is the sources list file which contains the Acdp Collen Cowley Dawgs Cowley Cowley Rolling Main

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non-free contrib repository.

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And it gives you some comments, things that you might want to.

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Enable later.

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To add other functionality or if you need maybe source code, for example, but generally you're only

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going to have the one entry on the standard clean install of quality.

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But if you want the source code, you can go ahead and go to this line and you can uncomment it.

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And now you'll get the latest source code.

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If that's something that you require these source packages.

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I'm going to go had an escape.

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I'm going to write this file.

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And then once you update your sources, doubtless file, you want to go ahead and do an app diskette

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update because you may have new updates that come out with it.

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So notice we got a change here to open S-H.

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And that's fine.

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It'll usually let you know what changes there are so you can read the updates or you can just hit queue

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to quit.

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Notice it's telling you every step that it's doing, it's pulling down the dot db files or the binary

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packages and it's going ahead and unpacking them for you.

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Just imagine if you had to do this by hand yourself.

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It's also running some shell scripts of the dot stage extension that's unpacking a few more libraries.

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Let's go ahead and clear the screen and I'm going to go ahead and zoom in.

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So see a little better.

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Right.

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For.

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All right.

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Now that our installs are completed, we went ahead and ran the auto remove tool.

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One package.

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So now we've updated.

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To our latest version,

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we can see we're on a rolling update 20 20.2 that's using the LSB underscore release Dash eight command.

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And let's go ahead and get back into the lecture.

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So.

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Again, the main calendar repository contains.

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Packages that don't that fully comply with the Debian free software guidelines.

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So if there's non-free, that means it's not going to always be free.

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So essentially they can be distributed, but they don't always conform to the package guidelines.

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There's also some that are contrib, which just short for contributions.

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These are open source that cannot function without some non-free elements.

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So the other calling repositories, you have the COLLATE rolling repository, which is your primary

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repository for your end user type or your end client.

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Installation packages.

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So they can be overseen by.

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Proper testing, making sure that each package can be fulfilled and bundles should work without any

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bugs.

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So of course there's testing.

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Each day called a rolling repository will also get updated as well.

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So then there's the county dev repository.

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So this is not open for utilization.

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That's essentially where engineers try to make things work and they test out different things.

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New packages arrive.

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And so if you require a refresh and maybe it's not been into the.

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The Cali rolling repository.

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You might be able to get it from this particular location, but it's not best practice for regular use.

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Then of course, there's the bleeding edge repository.

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If you want to be on the latest and greatest, the bleeding edge of everything, you want to be on the

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top of the line.

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Repository.

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The latest version built directly out of the get or subversion code repositories.

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That's the bleeding edge.

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So you can enroll in this bleeding edge either by editing the sources list file, or you can make another

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record under the sources list directory.

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So additionally, there's the Kali Linux mirrors repository.

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So this is essentially a server running mirror brain to which to redirect your request to a mirror that's

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closest to you so you get a better performance, a better download.

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And this is the guidance from the Kelly developers offensive security.

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So again, as we spoke about, the clean version will only have the one entry.

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So if you want to verify, you can issue this command and make sure you have the correct.

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Repositories enable.

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So if you don't have the exact output there, you may not be able to install new updates.

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Maybe you did an offline install for some reason.

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Maybe you switched to Branch.

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Then there are some other regular repositories that you want to make sure that, you know, whatever

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the best option for you, that maybe sometimes you need a certain tool that requires you to add this

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repository.

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And there are some other offline installs as well.

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There's even some non-call repositories.

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And the list of the official calling mayors is located here.

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You can actually set up your own, but this is essentially if you wanted to run a private mirror.

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There is documentation to do that on the.

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Offensive security website.

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Now let's look at how we work with APTs or the advanced package tool.

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So it's a big project and the original plans for it had a graphical interface, but essentially it's

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centered around the command line.

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Interface.

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And when you're working with AAPT, you should first make sure that you have the latest update using

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an apt dash get update or an app update.

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So depending on the size of your internet connection, you may have different performance.

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Metrics.

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So we can also install with D package.

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So for doing this, you can download a binary direct directly.

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A great example of this is for a good number of years the Chrome browser was not able to be installed

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on.

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Kelly one s per se.

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So you can install the chromium browser, which is what it's based on.

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But if you want it to install Chrome, let's go ahead and open up so that we have the web browser we

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do have.

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Several different options, of course.

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Let's go ahead and download chromium.

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If you wanted to get the official Google Chrome from Google, you could actually download it in a DBM

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package format.

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So we'll go ahead and demonstrate installing that.

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So if you're on the latest version of.

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Kelly.

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Let's see.

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Let's do this.

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Just go to Google Chrome Download and we'll click on the download button.

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And we say download and it's going to give us the option either for an RPM file, which is more for

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fedora.

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And so you say, of course, I've got to enter the password because it is installing a file, so I'm

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going to accept.

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And I'm going to keep that.

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It will actually try to say that it could be harmful.

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But notice we have this Debian.

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Package right here.

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This is we're going to install this outside of the normal app tool.

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So let's go to our downloads directory.

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Let's see.

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So there's our Google Chrome stable so whether it be packaged dash, I know we're gonna do the full

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file name and it's going to go and read the database and it's going to unpack it and prepare to install

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it.

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And so just like that, that was fairly quick.

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So let's go ahead and do let's go ahead and open it up.

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Actually, that may not be the command to run it again.

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Sometimes things change.

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So just know that your process may vary.

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If you're doing this sometime in the future and there's Google Chrome now as an option.

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If we want to make it the default browser, that's fine.

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But that was an example of installing something with the package command.

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So if you want to do APC, let's say I want to get the Kauri Olympics.

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GP Let's go ahead and open up our terminal again.

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We have a couple of these already open.

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Need to go ahead and close them down.

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So the package is in the repository of AAPT.

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It will find it in this case.

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This one may have been moved to another repository or it just may not be there at all.

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Let's do an ABS stash.

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Get install.

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Of course, if you do try to do a command that's already there or a package that's already there.

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And I'll tell you that this is already the newest version.

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And there you go.

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So we go back to our user mode because it's never good to stay logged in as read all the time because

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that just presents an opportunity for attackers to get into our system.

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So again, notice in the screenshot here, this will it'll show you the package and then it'll go out

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and then it'll look for some new new packages if it can find them.

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So you want to upgrade, call 11 X like you saw there.

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You want to do apt update followed by apt upgrade or apt get upgrade.

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So if you wanted to do these together, you could do apt get update and put to ampersand.

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And we're already going to be at the latest version.

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Of course, it's going to ask me for the pseudo password.

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And this ensures that we're up to date at the latest.

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Let's see that I.

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Let's try that again.

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I may have just mistyped the password.

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Remember, Linux is case sensitive, so if you make a mistake, just fix it and move on.

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And the good thing about it is generally it will tell you, but if you're typing in the wrong case or

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you're missing a character, you type your password wrong.

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You may not be able to see it.

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And so the following packages have been kept back.

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That's fine.

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Some packages were not upgraded.

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Go ahead and so apt get clean.

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We're going to go out and clean out the repository that's going to do a little bit of update for us.

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So you can actually do the walk that desk out with a Y in front of it and I'll go ahead and bypass that

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whole like, do you want to do this command?

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So that's another little trick if you want to if you know what you're installing and you want to maybe

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script it out or you want to bypass the that process.

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So the dash get command line tool will be a little more demanding than aptitude or app because it will

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refuse to install packages that were not installed beforehand.

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So you might want to tell AAPT to use a specific distribution.

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So when you're searching for certain packages, so you might have to put a dash T or a dash dash target

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release in front of it.

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So it is possible.

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Also, if you package or not install, you can do a force with the package to force it to install.

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Sometimes that might.

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So you have to do a dash f.

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But app desk and app install pretty much do similar things.

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You can also use AP combined with DX package.

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And once you're done, if you want to remove a package, you can use the DX package.

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Dash.

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Dash.

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Remove command.

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You can also install multiple packages together.

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You can do apt will install and then the names of the packages if you know what they are.

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So let's do an example of that real quick.

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So let's say we want to go ahead and install a couple of different packages at once.

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Let's do an app dash get.

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And so I'm going to install Rider Ray, which is a reverse engineering tool.

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And also going to install E3, which is a graphical monitoring tool.

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And it looks like we were able to type in to it once it had a couple of extra dependencies that it found.

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So we'll let that go ahead and run and we'll take a moment.

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And those we were able to install one package right after the other.

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So there's one other command that's interesting if you want to get all of the elements, tools and the

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repository, because Cal is designed to be kind of lightweight too, you don't necessarily want all

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the tools at once, but in case you do, there's this command the app to get install Kelly Dash Linux.

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Nash.

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So sometimes old commands that used to work don't always work, so don't get panicked if things don't

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always work for you.

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There's a couple little fun programs that have nothing to do with the packages, but I always like to

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give students an option.

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There's the steam locomotive.

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And if you're.

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You use the typing in command ls for list file structure.

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Right.

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So to list your photos, well some people type it backwards and there's the little steam locomotive

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that but for some reason on newer versions of calling it doesn't work.

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00:23:52,010 --> 00:23:59,060
But this will work on just about any Debian based version of Linux so you can make the steam locomotive

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do different things.

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00:24:05,120 --> 00:24:09,150
And it hasn't been updated in a while, but it is a lot of fun.

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It's more of an Easter egg from the command line.

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00:24:11,090 --> 00:24:15,050
But again, you should be able to have fun with the command line while you're doing this as well.

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So other things you can do, maybe you want to remove a particular package, so you decide that now

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you don't want that package there.

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00:24:24,380 --> 00:24:25,580
So we're going to go ahead and get rid of it.

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00:24:29,840 --> 00:24:33,710
So we're going to get rid of the steam locomotive and we have to run this route.

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And the steam locomotive is gone.

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Still say no manual entry for steam locomotive ever can't find it.

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They may not actually tell you that it's not there.

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You can also remove packages much the same way you install them if you do abt dash purge.

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You can also remove all the data that might have been with the packages.

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So Zain stalled.

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00:25:09,080 --> 00:25:09,610
So let's.

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00:25:17,290 --> 00:25:18,970
As install another program

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00:25:22,240 --> 00:25:24,490
as the Easter egg program to but.

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00:25:32,790 --> 00:25:36,810
Called Fortune or actually install your they'll tell you your fortune.

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So.

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00:25:41,830 --> 00:25:44,740
So, again, if we want to get rid of this Fortune program,

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you have to be root for it.

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So there was no extra data from it.

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So people.

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You can also do it with the package as well.

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Of course we have to be rude.

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And it just purged all the files for.

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So there you go.

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Hope that was useful.

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00:26:32,650 --> 00:26:34,370
We can also do some other things.

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We can query the database of available packages and look for specific packages by name.

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So let's say we want to look for.

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Forget the dash.

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So app dash, cash search our spoof and it will give us the various packages that are related to it.

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This information gets gathered from the sources doubtless file.

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And we can also search based on keywords as well.

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There's all the map tools.

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And there's all those python tools on the screen.

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So, again, a lot of functionality there.

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00:27:40,010 --> 00:27:42,410
What about the B packaged dash log file?

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00:27:42,740 --> 00:27:47,450
So this keeps the log of all the actions in the var logged package dash along.

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So every time a package gets installed, you can go here and we'll just carry it out.

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And these are all the different packages that have been installed.

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So it can get very verbose.

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But it's useful to find out if there's a ever a problem with a package or a system, and you can see

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what's been installed.

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And this will definitely help you.

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And your troubleshooting as well.

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00:28:28,520 --> 00:28:34,000
We can also use the Taylor command, which will give you the last entries.

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So we haven't talked about tail yet.

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Till will output the last part of the file as the last ten lines.

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You can actually tell it how many lines you want it to output.

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00:28:46,220 --> 00:28:51,650
So let's do var slash log de package, dot log.

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00:28:52,550 --> 00:28:55,400
And instead of getting the whole log, we just get the last ten lines.

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So we'll tell.

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You could do a lot of things as well.

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00:29:00,410 --> 00:29:02,720
It's a useful command to have at your disposal.

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00:29:06,580 --> 00:29:09,320
So we can also do apt reinstall.

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00:29:09,340 --> 00:29:13,510
So if you mistakenly damage your system, you can use a reinstall.

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00:29:14,900 --> 00:29:23,300
For a particular package if you need to do a full upgrade or the fourth option and there's a broken

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00:29:23,300 --> 00:29:29,570
dependency, like if you're getting a problem with something updating and not being consistent, you

348
00:29:29,570 --> 00:29:38,720
can do the app dash get dash f upgrade app that gets.

349
00:29:50,420 --> 00:29:52,330
And this will force the upgrade.

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00:29:52,340 --> 00:29:55,610
So now I have some packages that are no longer needed.

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00:29:59,820 --> 00:30:00,160
Uh.

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00:30:01,610 --> 00:30:02,090
Let's see.

353
00:30:02,120 --> 00:30:02,370
Oh.

354
00:30:10,390 --> 00:30:12,310
I quite incorrectly.

355
00:30:12,910 --> 00:30:19,570
So you want to make sure you do the optimum command on a regular basis so you'll keep your system in

356
00:30:19,570 --> 00:30:21,820
a good, consistent state.

357
00:30:27,710 --> 00:30:28,010
All right.

358
00:30:28,010 --> 00:30:29,720
So let's now look at.

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Synaptic.

360
00:30:36,960 --> 00:30:39,120
So Synaptic is a graphical package manager.

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00:30:39,120 --> 00:30:43,840
So if you don't want to do this from the command line, you can use synaptic.

362
00:30:43,860 --> 00:30:51,750
Of course it will not be installed by default on Kali Linux 2020 if you don't choose the genome installation.

363
00:30:51,750 --> 00:30:58,770
So you'll have to do a pseudo app to get install synaptic and I've already got it installed.

364
00:31:04,620 --> 00:31:06,510
And we'll go over to the.

365
00:31:09,270 --> 00:31:13,560
Search bar and we can see Synaptic Package Manager.

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00:31:13,560 --> 00:31:21,210
I probably have the name wrong, but you have to authenticate with the pseudo credentials and you can

367
00:31:21,210 --> 00:31:28,140
see it's a graphical user interface that says the software honor system is organized in so-called packages.

368
00:31:28,140 --> 00:31:31,380
The package manager enables you to install, upgrade or remove.

369
00:31:31,380 --> 00:31:35,820
You should reload it regularly, otherwise you might miss important security updates.

370
00:31:36,990 --> 00:31:46,080
So let's go ahead and reload and it's going to go download new information is there's 56,000, there

371
00:31:46,080 --> 00:31:47,070
was 56,000.

372
00:31:47,070 --> 00:31:55,710
Now there's the same three 6708 packages and 2222 of them are installed.

373
00:31:56,340 --> 00:31:59,910
So you can actually go here and click on different packages if you want.

374
00:32:00,690 --> 00:32:09,420
You can sort by category, sort by origin from the Kelly dot org repository.

375
00:32:11,780 --> 00:32:14,190
If you wanted to install something like VirtualBox.

376
00:32:16,980 --> 00:32:22,260
That is, these are already they already have a checkmark that means they're already installed.

377
00:32:23,660 --> 00:32:25,340
Once you make some selections.

378
00:32:27,580 --> 00:32:28,750
Mark for installation.

379
00:32:29,590 --> 00:32:36,130
So this is essentially you hit the apply button and that's going to go and tell you what's going to

380
00:32:36,130 --> 00:32:36,760
be installed.

381
00:32:36,790 --> 00:32:37,690
Give me a little summary.

382
00:32:40,570 --> 00:32:43,270
So 41 packages are going to be held back and not upgraded.

383
00:32:43,630 --> 00:32:45,790
And you'll watch it go through an upgrade.

384
00:32:45,850 --> 00:32:49,870
So there are lots of filters, lots of things you can do.

385
00:32:51,280 --> 00:32:55,750
You can see in the obsolete packages, things that become out of date.

386
00:32:56,980 --> 00:33:04,420
You can look at by architecture, and you can also just search by search string.

387
00:33:06,540 --> 00:33:10,050
And at the top the menu is pretty robust as well.

388
00:33:10,050 --> 00:33:16,500
So you can set different preferences, you can add repositories, you can pick whether you want the

389
00:33:16,500 --> 00:33:17,610
toolbar to be there.

390
00:33:18,540 --> 00:33:20,940
You can have it even fix broken packages.

391
00:33:20,940 --> 00:33:22,320
So there's any broken packages.

392
00:33:22,710 --> 00:33:25,950
It'll go out and it will fix that as well.

393
00:33:28,410 --> 00:33:32,580
And it keeps a running history of all the packages that were installed.

394
00:33:34,550 --> 00:33:36,020
So a very useful program.

395
00:33:45,090 --> 00:33:45,590
In summer.

396
00:33:45,590 --> 00:33:47,820
We talked about binary packages.

397
00:33:47,840 --> 00:33:49,640
We talked about DBM packages.

398
00:33:50,090 --> 00:33:57,070
What they actually are the way to install both binary packages as well as standalone DBM based packages.

399
00:33:57,080 --> 00:34:03,470
We looked at the advanced package tool IPT on how to install and or move applications update packages.

400
00:34:04,250 --> 00:34:10,640
We looked at the concept of a source package being source code versus an actual binary.

401
00:34:11,300 --> 00:34:19,910
We looked at the sources dot list file to be able to configure different Kali Linux repositories.

402
00:34:20,510 --> 00:34:21,530
We also looked at.

403
00:34:22,920 --> 00:34:27,990
The different repositories like the rolling, the dev repository, the bleeding edge, if you want to

404
00:34:27,990 --> 00:34:29,220
be on the latest and greatest.

405
00:34:29,580 --> 00:34:34,500
We looked at D package dash or the debian package manager.

406
00:34:34,500 --> 00:34:39,840
If you want to be able to remove packages or install packages or even just run queries to find out what

407
00:34:39,840 --> 00:34:41,040
packages are installed.

408
00:34:41,700 --> 00:34:47,580
We looked at the Debian package log file and we also looked at synaptic package manager.

409
00:34:48,970 --> 00:34:50,950
So now we'll get into our practice questions.

410
00:34:52,330 --> 00:34:58,210
So a two fold binary package by law contains records that can straightforwardly be utilized.

411
00:34:58,210 --> 00:34:59,860
Is called a what file?

412
00:35:00,550 --> 00:35:03,760
A dot db file, a dot z file.

413
00:35:04,390 --> 00:35:06,790
A dot AP file or an MP for.

414
00:35:15,140 --> 00:35:18,230
The answer is, of course, a Debian package file.

415
00:35:25,330 --> 00:35:25,990
Then we have.

416
00:35:27,400 --> 00:35:31,480
Question two What is a T stand for?

417
00:35:34,490 --> 00:35:38,330
The Advanced Package tool, the advanced port map tool kit.

418
00:35:39,410 --> 00:35:41,210
Automatic Package Management Tool.

419
00:35:42,800 --> 00:35:44,360
Or the advanced packet tracer.

420
00:35:52,290 --> 00:35:55,200
The answer is a the advanced package tool AAPT.

421
00:35:55,590 --> 00:36:00,750
Not to be confused with advanced persistent threat, which is a different type of discussion altogether.

422
00:36:01,830 --> 00:36:03,210
You may have question three.

423
00:36:03,480 --> 00:36:10,170
These are the three types of quality repositories, a main security and update.

424
00:36:11,940 --> 00:36:15,870
The main contrib and non-free.

425
00:36:17,970 --> 00:36:25,830
Or c contrib security and free and then d update security or non-free.

426
00:36:31,340 --> 00:36:35,840
The answer is B main control and non-free are the main packages.

427
00:36:37,340 --> 00:36:39,320
Are the main repositories, I should say.

428
00:36:40,010 --> 00:36:42,290
So definitely want to know those.

429
00:36:42,770 --> 00:36:48,440
And that's going to help you a lot, especially if you're trying to get source code versus getting being

430
00:36:48,440 --> 00:36:50,300
on the bleeding edge of Kelly Wallace.

431
00:36:50,840 --> 00:36:58,850
Let's look at number four, which Kelly Repository contains only installable and recent packages.

432
00:37:05,250 --> 00:37:05,940
Kelly made.

433
00:37:08,170 --> 00:37:08,650
Rolling.

434
00:37:10,560 --> 00:37:14,730
Kelly Dove or Kelly bleeding edge.

435
00:37:20,540 --> 00:37:22,430
The answer is B, the Kelly ruling.

436
00:37:22,430 --> 00:37:26,990
So these are the rolling updates or the rolling INSTALLABLE and racing packages.

437
00:37:29,070 --> 00:37:31,470
So practice.

438
00:37:31,470 --> 00:37:35,250
Question number five Which repository of quality is not for public use?

439
00:37:36,860 --> 00:37:37,700
Kelly Rowing.

440
00:37:39,290 --> 00:37:40,070
Kelly Main.

441
00:37:41,810 --> 00:37:42,710
Kelly Dove.

442
00:37:44,580 --> 00:37:46,110
And then, Kelly, a bleeding edge.

443
00:37:54,580 --> 00:37:56,270
The answer is C Kali Dev.

444
00:37:56,690 --> 00:38:04,520
Kali dev is the development or testing ground for Kali repositories and not generally recommended to

445
00:38:04,520 --> 00:38:07,430
be for public consumption of packages.

446
00:38:09,110 --> 00:38:14,480
So in summary, we talked about the different ways to manage packages on K-1.

447
00:38:14,480 --> 00:38:18,440
Next, we talked about the advanced packages to the baby and package manager.

448
00:38:18,450 --> 00:38:24,620
We looked at the different Kali repositories, we looked at the DD package log file, but also looked

449
00:38:24,620 --> 00:38:31,040
at Synaptic Package Manager and a few other commands along the way.

450
00:38:31,850 --> 00:38:36,050
Appreciate your attention in this module and we'll see you in the next lecture.