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‫Welcome back.

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‫In this video, we're going to talk about structs.

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‫And structs are very similar to classes, but classes are reference types and structs are value types,

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‫which means if you create an object of a class, it can contain nothing.

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‫So it can be empty, but a struct has to have a value.

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‫Let's create a struct called game, so you use the struct keyword and then you give it a name.

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‫So it's very similar to a class from what you can see.

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‫So you have this name here and then you can go ahead and create variables in here.

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‫So I'm going to create one which is called name, then I'm going to create one that is called developer

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‫and one that is a rating.

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‫So how is this game rated and then public string release date?

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‫So when was it released?

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‫So that's a simple struct.

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‫Now we can go ahead and create an object of that struct so we can go ahead and say, okay, game, game

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‫one like that.

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‫So now we have this game.

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‫But in order to use that game, we need to go ahead and specify it.

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‫So we need the specification of the game.

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‫One, for example, we need to set the name and let's say it was Pokémon Go, then game one needs to

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‫have a developer.

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‫So we're going to say something like Niantic and then Game one needs to have a rating.

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‫Let's say it was 3.5 out of five stars and finally the release date.

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‫So you can simply set the values like that.

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‫So it's very similar to what you would do with a class, right?

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‫So it was released 2016 and that's our game struct that we have here.

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‫Now we can go ahead and write game information onto the console.

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‫So let's say we want to write the name of the game.

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‫So CW Game one.

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‫And his name is and then curly brackets zero and game dot name or actually game one name.

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‫So as you can see, you can simply go ahead and call it variables so we can do the same thing, not

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‫not just with the name.

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‫We can do that with everything else.

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‫So I'm just going to copy that.

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‫Game one was developed by and now it's not the game name, but it's the developer.

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‫And the same here.

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‫Rating is game one's.

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‫Rating is and here it's rating.

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‫And finally, game one was released in game one re release date.

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‫Now let's run it.

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‫Console the red key and let's see what's happening.

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‫And we are a game.

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‫One's name is Pokemon Go.

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‫Game one was developed by Niantic.

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‫Rating is 3.5 and it was released on the 1st of July 2016.

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‫All right.

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‫So that we are.

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‫It's very basic and very similar to a class.

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‫Right.

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‫So how does it differ?

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‫Well, there is one more thing where it doesn't differ.

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‫So I'm going to create public void display, which should display information.

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‫And what I'm going to do is I'm simply going to execute all of that in there.

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‫So it's going to give me the name.

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‫It's going to give me the developer.

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‫It's going to give me the rating and the release date.

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‫All right.

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‫Now, instead, I can simply call the display method and I can do so by calling game one and saying,

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‫please display all the information.

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‫So now let's run it again and we will see we get all the information.

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‫All right.

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‫So you can create variables.

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‫You can create methods.

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‫But how does it differ?

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‫Well, what you cannot do is you cannot create a constructor.

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‫Structs cannot contain explicit parameter less constructors.

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‫So you cannot create default constructors in here.

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‫Then it can implement one or more interfaces.

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‫So you could go ahead and implement interfaces here i cleanable i comparable those kind of things.

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‫Then they do not support inheritance.

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‫So you cannot use inheritance on structs.

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‫You cannot have a default constructor.

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‫As I said then struct members cannot be specified as abstract, virtual or protected, so they can just

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‫be something like public.

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‫So you can have a public struct or you can have a private struct.

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‫Structs can however have defined constructors.

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‫So you can have something like public game and then here you have the string name.

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‫You can have that and that will be name or this name is equal name and this dot developer is equal developer.

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‫The star rating is equal rating.

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‫And this DOT release date is equal release date.

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‫Now, you, of course, need to have them in here.

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‫String developer, then double rating and string release date.

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‫But then if you, for example, want to go ahead and display the display method here, then you run

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‫into an error because use of unassigned local variable game one.

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‫So game one was not assigned.

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‫So even if I tried, let's say after having all the information by far by here, you see there's still

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‫an error.

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‫So you need to have all the different information about this game one to be assigned.

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‫Otherwise, this play doesn't work.

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‫So even here, after we have the rating, we still get the same error.

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‫Only after we have assigned all the values, then we can work.

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‫So it works by value, not by reference, like a class would do.

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‫Right.

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‫So if you want to have a short summary, StackOverflow is your friend.

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‫So a short summary of each class's support inheritance.

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‫Our reference prototypes can be null and have memory over heap per new instance.

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‫Structs only cannot support inheritance.

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‫Our value types are passed by value similar to integers then cannot have a null reference as you have

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‫just seen and do not have a memory over heap per new instance.

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‫And both have a compound or are compound data types typically used to contain a few variables that have

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‫some logical relationship, can contain methods and events and can support interfaces.

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‫Even though Simon Stephens argues that classes do not always go on heap and struck, do not always go

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‫on stack.

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‫All right.

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‫And this StackOverflow entry in general has quite some valuable information about structs.

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‫So the difference is between structs and classes.

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‫But you have seen most of them in here.

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‫But as usual, I always recommend to check out the documentation as well to get a better understanding.