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‫Welcome back.

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‫In this video, we are going to cover operators and there is plenty to know about these little things

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‫which have a lot of impact onto our programs.

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‫So let's get started straightaway by creating two variables which have a value and one that does not

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‫have a value for now.

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‫So I'm just going to keep it simple, number one, two and three.

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‫And the first one is a value of five.

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‫The second one is three, and the third one is empty for now.

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‫And now let's go ahead and use a urinary operator or multiple ones.

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‫So the first one that I'm going to show you is I'm going to store the value of minus number one in number

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‫three.

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‫So what that's going to do is it will multiply number one with minus one.

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‫If we run that.

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‫So C W console, red line, double tab.

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‫And in here I'm going to write something like num three is and here I use curly brackets zero.

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‫Well that will do is it will simply replace this whole thing here with the first variable that comes

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‫after this comma.

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‫So it's going to be number three in my case.

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‫So now I need console dot read key so that my program doesn't stop.

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‫Once I started and we are number three is minus five.

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‫All right, so there you are.

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‫You see it just multiplies it with minus one.

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‫And in order to check if that's true, we do the same thing.

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‫But now we use NUM one as minus five and they were now it says it's positive so it just multiplies it

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‫with minus one.

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‫Great.

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‫So that's the first one.

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‫Now there is another one and you can do that with logical ones as well.

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‫So let's have a pool which is sunny and let's create it as true and now console right line.

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‫So see W double tab.

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‫Is it sunny?

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‫It's always a good question and it's nice if it is so it's sunny.

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‫That's how you would usually call this sunny variable, right?

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‫So now I'm going to use an exclamation mark just in front of it, just before it.

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‫So what that will do is it will negate it.

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‫So it will be just the opposite.

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‫So if it was true before, now it's going to be false.

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‫So let's check if that's true.

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‫Is it Sunny and it says false?

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‫All right.

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‫So just negation with a simple exclamation mark.

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‫Now, the next thing that I want to show you are increment operators.

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‫So let's go ahead and use increment operators.

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‫And the first one is going to be a new variable, by the way, is going to be zero.

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‫And now what I want to do is I want to increment it and I do that by using the num plus plus.

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‫So I'm just going to copy the code from here and I'm going to use NUM as the variable.

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‫So now let's write that onto the console and see let's see what happens.

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‫And we see NUM is one, so we initialize it with zero and afterwards we increased it by one.

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‫So we incremented it by one and well, that's what changed here.

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‫So now the next thing that I would like to show you is something that's pretty interesting.

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‫So I'm just going to copy that twice and I'm going to increment inside of this statement here, inside

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‫of the right line call.

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‫And what we get here is NUM is one.

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‫So as it was in line 27, then in line 28, NUM is still one and the line 29 it is suddenly two.

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‫So we increment it, but it only takes effect in the next line.

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‫That's something that is really important.

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‫So if we want it to be changed in the same line as we use it, then we use the double plus at the beginning.

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‫So just before the variable name.

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‫So if we run that again we will see num is one then it's still one because incrementing happens only

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‫afterwards and then num is three.

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‫So the incrementing here happens just before.

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‫So we have the increment of the row 28 or line 28 and then we have another increment in line 29.

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‫And that's why we get a value of three here instead of two.

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‫All right.

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‫So that's how you can use increment operators.

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‫You can use the pre increment, that's how it's called pre increment.

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‫And then that will be the post increment here.

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‫That one is the post increment line 28.

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‫All right.

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‫So now the same happens or same applies to decrement operator.

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‫So it's just num minus minus.

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‫So it's the same thing, only that it's with the minus.

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‫Now instead of a plus, I'm just going to copy the code from the top there.

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‫And instead of using plus plus here, I'm using minus, minus.

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‫And the same applies to this line here.

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‫So if you run that again.

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‫We can see it was three then it was decrement it here.

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‫And actually, this is a predicament.

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‫Let me just change that because I copied it and it's good to have it right straight away.

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‫So once again, we start at one, then we increase.

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‫We increase again and then we decrease in here.

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‫Line 33, we show it onto the console, then we decrement once again in line 35 and once again in line

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‫37.

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‫But there we predicament.

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‫So now we have both decrements stated just here.

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‫So that's the increment and decrement.

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‫Now let's have a look at the additive and multiplicative operators.

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‫They're pretty straightforward, but they're still important.

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‫So let's have a look at them.

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‫You probably know them already and we used some of them, but just to complete everything, I want to

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‫use it here.

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‫So I'm just going to use result and result is going to be number one plus number two.

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‫And you might recall number one was five and number two was three.

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‫So that should be eight.

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‫And there's nothing wrong about that.

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‫So let's just.

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‫Use this console right line.

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‫Again, just to keep it simple, I'm going to say result of num one plus num two maybe that's better

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‫is and it's going to be the result here.

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‫So if we add that's plain simple it should be eight that we are a result of number one plus number two

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‫is eight.

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‫So five plus three is eight.

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‫Now we do the same thing with minus.

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‫And now let's use a minus sign here.

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‫If you run it, then we see it's two.

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‫So five minus three is two.

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‫So nothing fancy here.

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‫And now let's have a look at multiplying and dividing.

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‫So I'm going to do that.

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‫And the same thing result of and that was actually minus and that one will be divided and the last one

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‫will be multiplication.

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‫So let's run that again and still nothing fancy.

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‫So if you want to divide, you simply use the slash.

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‫If you want to multiply, you use the star, right?

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‫So five times three is 15, then five divided by three is one and it's simply one because we have integers

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‫here and integers don't understand what floats are, so they can't have anything behind the decimal

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‫point or after the decimal point.

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‫So if you would use doubles instead, then we would get a more precise value.

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‫But otherwise it's just one and it doesn't round down or round up.

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‫It just cuts off anything that is behind the decimal point.

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‫So that's how integers divide.

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‫Then there is one more thing and it's called the modulo operator and the modulo operator is done like

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‫that.

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‫And what that will do is it will result in two.

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‫So we divide value one by two and we simply return the remainder.

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‫So.

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‫Just gives us the remainder and in our case, num one divided by num two.

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‫So five divided by three is one remainder two.

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‫That's what we get here.

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‫So that's what you need to modulo four and that's pretty useful.

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‫So don't underestimate the modulo you might not have used it so far in school or whatever, but it's

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‫pretty useful in programming.

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‫So keep it, keep that in mind.

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‫Then the next one is relational and type operators.

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‫So I'm going to create a bool here and I'm going to call it is lower and I'm going to set is lower two

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‫num one lower num two.

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‫And what that will return if.

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‫No one is actually lower or lower value than number two.

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‫So we check is five lower than three.

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‫And if we simply print that onto the console, let's do that result of number one lower.

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‫Number two is and it's going to be is lower.

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‫So let's run that again.

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‫And we see result of number one, lower.

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‫Number two is false.

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‫And that is because well, five is not lower than than three.

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‫And that's pretty much what we say here.

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‫So if we turn it the other way around.

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‫So we said number one is higher than them, two are bigger than them.

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‫Two, we get the statement here, result of is true.

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‫So that's what you can simply do.

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‫So you can compare and you can store something within a variable straight away after checking something

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‫here.

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‫So this is a relational operator here and we can do the same thing with double equal sign.

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‫So it's going to equality operator and I'm going to create a blue here is equal and I'm going to say

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‫is equal is going to be the result of num one is equal to num two.

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‫So you have the double equal sign and you use that for comparisons.

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‫So you compare is whatever is on the right, the same as whatever is on the left.

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‫So this one is an assigning equal sign and that one is a comparing equal sign or a double equal sign

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‫is comparing.

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‫So in operator end left and right.

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‫So as you can see, this is actually a method that is called here bool int dot operator is equal to.

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‫So that's pretty cool.

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‫It does that for us automatically and it stores the result and is equal.

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‫So as you can see, if I double tap on that, it says it returns a bull bull int dot operator.

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‫So it's method there is a method behind that and it's called in order to give us the result.

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‫And I'm just going to use that and I'm going to say is double equal is equal here.

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‫So let's run that again and we see result of num one is equal, num two is false and that is because

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‫three is not equal to five.

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‫And that's pretty much it, right?

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‫So now that's equality.

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‫And now we have the opposite of equality.

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‫And I'm going to simply say is equal is going to be number one, not equal.

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‫Number two, that will return true.

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‫On the other hand, because the statement here is actually true because number one is not equal.

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‫Number two.

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‫And if we double tap here.

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‫Hint operator.

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‫Not equal in left and right.

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‫So it's comparing those two and it says, are they equal or not equal?

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‫And it's actually going to be not equal.

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‫So it means it's true.

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‫So you see the last statement result of num one, not equal num two is true.

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‫So this video is getting pretty long and I'm going to end it with the conditional operators.

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‫So conditional operators and those ones will be pretty handy as soon as we go into if and else if the

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‫same with equality operators and those relational ones.

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‫So we're going to use all of those when we use if statements and that's really, really important.

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‫So let's go ahead and create another boolean and I'm going to call it is lower and sunny and I'm going

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‫to check is lower and sunny is going to be is lower and is sunny.

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‫How crazy is that?

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‫So we use those two booleans is lower.

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‫That's that one here and the one is sunny.

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‫That's the one right at the start here in line 21 in my case bool is sunny was set to true and here.

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‫I'm actually.

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‫I still have it as true, even though I'm negating it here.

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‫But I'm only negating it for this sentence here.

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‫I'm not negating the variable itself, so it should still be true.

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‫So is sunny is still true.

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‫Now checking is lower.

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‫Also true.

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‫So let's have a look.

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‫Pool is lower num one bigger than that.

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‫So it's not going to be true because number one is not higher than num two.

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‫So this whole statement here is going to be false.

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‫So let's check that.

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‫Let's write it on to the console.

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‫And we just going to say result of is lower and is sunny is and then it's going to be is lower and is

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‫sunny now if you run that result of is lower and is sunny is true.

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‫All right.

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‫So now let's check why that is, because we checked here.

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‫Number one is higher than number two.

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‫And that is actually true because number one was five and M two is.

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‫Three.

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‫So that's why we have to turn it around here.

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‫And now that statement is true.

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‫So the whole statement is only true if both statements are true, and that's why it's lower and sunny

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‫is true.

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‫So it's pretty much like the end.

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‫You might have seen that at school.

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‫So end condition one and condition two, or in our case, bool one and bool two has to be true.

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‫Otherwise this whole is lower and sunny is not true.

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‫So if we turn it around now and we check it again, then this whole statement will be false.

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‫So result of is lower and is sunny is false.

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‫All right.

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‫So one more thing.

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‫And that's the last one for this video.

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‫And that's where we compare the or or we use the OR operator, which is is lower and sunny is going

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‫to be is lower or is sunny.

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‫So we have seen that this one was false already because one of the two was not true or both were not

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‫true.

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‫But we know that it's sunny was true, actually.

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‫So now this whole statement is going to be true as well.

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‫So let me copy that and use the double pipe.

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‫So you need to use the double pipe here.

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‫Then we see result of is lower or is sunny is true and that is because is sunny is true.

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‫And if is is lower is also true, then this statement is still true.

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‫Only if both of them are false, then is lower and sunny is going to be false.

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‫So that's the or so here.

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‫Condition one or condition two has to be true.

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‫Then this whole statement is true.

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‫Otherwise, it's false.

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‫All right.

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‫So plenty of operators and.

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‫Yeah.

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‫So now you have seen all of them and there is no exercise for this video.

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‫I'm sorry, but there will be plenty of exercises in the following videos.

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‫So if you are not 100% sure about one of them, just check the video at that point once again and try

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‫to copy all of the code and try to understand every single step because those are very, very important

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‫basics that we are just going to use a lot and we're going to use them without really going too much

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‫into detail about what they do, because we did that here.

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‫So from now on, I'm going to use those things as if they are in your flight, flesh and blood, and

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‫you know them by heart.

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‫And I could wake you up at 3:00 and say, number one, equal, equal number two, is it true or not?

253
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‫And you get the two values.

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‫Then you have to say, okay, yeah, that's true.

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‫And then based on that, you either get water on your face or you don't.

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‫So that's pretty much the approach here.

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‫So hope you enjoyed the video.

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‫It was a long one, I know that.

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‫But in the next video, we're going to go ahead and do something shorter.

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‫So see you there.