In 1990, the U.S. Office of Naval Research set out to develop a method for anonymously navigating the
Internet for spying purposes.
So the plan was to set up a network of routers that was separate from the Internet routers that could
encrypt the traffic and that only stored the unencrypted IP address of previous router, meaning all
of the router address along the way were encrypted.
So the idea was that anyone watching the traffic could not determine the origin or destination of the
data.
This research became known as the onion router.
Or we can see the tower project in nine in 2002, not 19 in 2002.
So it's now available to anyone to use for relatively safe and anonymous navigation to the web.
So, guys, let's see how it all works.
So we're having this whole, as you can see, that map, how it works.
OK, shoegaze, as you can see that as we all know, that packets send our daughter are not sent over
the regular router so closely monitored by so many, but rather are sent over a network of over 7000
routers around the world.
So thanks to the volunteers who allows their computers to be used by Tom.
So on top of using totally separate Troughton network thobe and the data so opposed, like we having
this example in which, as you can see, that this computer is of Jeff and here we are having Mike.
OK, so guys, when Jeff wants to talk to Mike, they he has to send a message, but he doesn't want
message to be tracked.
So what they used to do, he used Don Network.
So of will do so.
Let's understand that.
So when he sends the max the packet data packet so that packet will contain IP address of destination
and IP address of the sender in the encrypted form.
So when you send the message then as you can see that this is a symbol of encryption.
So it sends the message.
So this will.
Supposed like this will rotate to the node, which is the door node, so if you want to talk to his
friend in normal maintenance of what he can do here is he can send a message like this.
Like this, like this and like this, so this is the way in normal Internet, he can send a message,
but if he's using Tor saw, what he can do here is.
He says the data packet and the packet contains the IP address of destination and IP address of sender
and a packet software, including that data packet, it will go to the door.
So this is called door note.
So when the data packet reaches here, it seemed this particular node will include the data packet sorted,
decrypted it a packet, and after decrypting the data packet, what it will do, it will again in the
data packet with its IP address and the destination interest.
So it will send the data packet.
It will be again encrypted and received by the end of the door, not after that.
This process will going on and the message will be sent to the mike.
So what if someone track someone traced this particular suppose that if someone sitting in between these
two computers can help track this, intercept this particular data packets, what he can see, he can
only see the previous IP address of sending missing previous means, this particular machine.
But data packet is send it by this particular machine.
So this this is how this is how he's safe.
He's safe.
So he only knows the IP address of this particular machine, but the data was send it by this particular
machine.
So that is why how tall is useful.
That is how that is useful.
So this is the way it works.
OK, it simply created a packet inside this destination and the sender doesn't in that particular data
packet is encrypted and it will send to the door.
No, to this door.
And so as we all know, that there are 7000 outas.
So this will send to a download and after's getting the data packet download will decrypted it a packet
and it will simply give the Stenders IP address and the IP address and again in Deko encrypted and again
send it to the next node, which as you can see here and when here, same process will goes on and then
I will receive the message.
So this is how Tor works and this is how you can work with it.
So guys, this is all for this lecture from the next lecture on which we are going to see how to install
browser and how we can take use of this.
Thank you.