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Hello, everyone.

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In this lesson, I'm going to talk about the file ownership and permission.

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So as we can see here in the graph, so the first digit here represents the type of the file and we

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have the D, the D is the directory.

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If we have the dash, this is represent a txt file.

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But in our example here we have the d which is the directory.

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Then the next three digits we have the owner permission.

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So we have the read and write and execute and the next three digits we have the group permission, we

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only have the read or write, we don't have an execute permission.

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The third one we have for the other, we have the read and execute permissions, but we don't have the

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write permission.

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So number two, here we have the number of the links and Tom is the owner of this directory.

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And Linux is the the group or is the owner group of this directory.

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And here is the size of the directory and here is the date that we created this directory and this is

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the name of the directory.

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So they are there are many different types of files in Linux.

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So as we explained in the previous example, we have the D, which is the directory and dash, which

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is the text file, and we have here the device file and block and so on.

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So here is really important also to know about the symbolic link represented by L.

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So in Linux we have permission sets and those permission sets we they represent each file or each directory

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that we create in the system.

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So, for example, here, the permission says that we have we have the read and write and execute.

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So the read represents or the sign of the character with R and the right, we have the W and execute,

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we have the X and the value WI is very important to know about the value of each of these permissions.

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So for example, the R and the permission value is a number for a right.

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And the value of the permission of the permission.

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Right.

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It's to and execute.

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Here we have the value number one.

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So if we don't have any permission or like anything that on the file.

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So it represent by the dash and the value is zero.

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See here.

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Here's an example.

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We have number four.

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As we explained in the previous example, we have the read permission and we have the two for the write

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permission and X, which is execute.

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We have the value.

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It's one.

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And if there is no permission, this is zero.

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Is very important to know about the difference when we assign the permission sets either to a directory

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or a file.

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If we want to access.

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A directory and this directory has a read permission.

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We can view a list the content of the directory when we run the command ls.

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If we want to access a file and we have the read permission, we can copy the file and view the content

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of the file.

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If we have the right permission.

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If you would like to access a directory, we can modify or rename, create and remove the directory

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content for the file, we can modify the content of the file.

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If we have an execute permission for accessing the file, we can run CD command in order to access the

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directory.

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If we have an execute permission to access the file, we can execute a random file, for example a shell

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or bash script.

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In order to run file, we need we need both a read permission.

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And execute permission.

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This is for the bash and script files.

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So as we said that before, if there is no permission or there is no deny, so we represent Y with the

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dash.

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Thus concludes our session.

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Thank you and see you in the next lesson.