WEBVTT - This file was automatically generated by VIMEO 0 00:00:00.200 --> 00:00:03.600 Hello and welcome to this. Cali fundamentals lesson. 1 00:00:03.600 --> 00:00:06.400 I'm your host Robert Smith, and I'm excited to 2 00:00:06.400 --> 00:00:09.900 be here with you today. So you may be wondering when 3 00:00:09.900 --> 00:00:13.200 are we going to get started? We've talked about downloading we've 4 00:00:12.200 --> 00:00:15.600 talked about some history behind Cali we've 5 00:00:15.600 --> 00:00:18.400 talked about all these different things. So when am I going to start learning 6 00:00:18.400 --> 00:00:21.700 how to actually use Cali? Well, the 7 00:00:21.700 --> 00:00:24.700 good news is today's lesson involves getting 8 00:00:24.700 --> 00:00:27.400 around with the terminal and we're going to start inching our 9 00:00:27.400 --> 00:00:30.400 way into Cali Linux the environment the file 10 00:00:30.400 --> 00:00:33.800 systems things of that nature and it all starts here. 11 00:00:33.800 --> 00:00:36.200 So today's lesson objectives are 12 00:00:36.200 --> 00:00:40.500 pretty straightforward. I want you to walk away with a few navigation commands 13 00:00:39.500 --> 00:00:42.700 a basic understanding of of how 14 00:00:42.700 --> 00:00:45.300 to use the terminal how to get around how to 15 00:00:45.300 --> 00:00:48.700 view files and things of that nature. We're not going to get into anything too 16 00:00:48.700 --> 00:00:51.500 technical, but I'm going to give you some tools so 17 00:00:51.500 --> 00:00:54.600 that you can start, you know, kick in the tires and really understanding, 18 00:00:54.600 --> 00:00:57.200 you know, what's there and how to get through everything? 19 00:00:58.100 --> 00:01:01.400 So what I'm going to do is pull up my lab 20 00:01:01.400 --> 00:01:04.700 environment. Now, this is the Cali system 21 00:01:04.700 --> 00:01:07.500 in the host data Integrity baselining lab. 22 00:01:07.500 --> 00:01:10.200 So if you have access to that lab you can pull 23 00:01:10.200 --> 00:01:13.400 this up and follow along with me or if you've already installed 24 00:01:13.400 --> 00:01:16.300 a copy of Cali you can go from there as well. And you 25 00:01:16.300 --> 00:01:19.600 know again, there's some differences like there might be the terminal button that's 26 00:01:19.600 --> 00:01:22.800 up here in this version would maybe 27 00:01:22.800 --> 00:01:25.800 be over here on the side and the version that you've previously downloaded. 28 00:01:25.800 --> 00:01:28.200 So with those things in mind, let's go 29 00:01:28.200 --> 00:01:31.600 ahead and jump into looking at the terminal so it's pretty pretty 30 00:01:31.600 --> 00:01:34.700 straightforward when you click the terminal button you 31 00:01:34.700 --> 00:01:37.200 get a terminal now what you may be 32 00:01:37.200 --> 00:01:40.300 wondering is that's all fine and nice, but where do I begin? How 33 00:01:40.300 --> 00:01:43.500 do I understand how to use this? Well, quite simply one step at 34 00:01:43.500 --> 00:01:47.100 a time, right? So when you first open a 35 00:01:46.100 --> 00:01:49.500 terminal the thing I like to do is what's called 36 00:01:49.500 --> 00:01:52.800 print working directory or PWD what that 37 00:01:52.800 --> 00:01:55.500 does for me? It's it's going to show me my current directory 38 00:01:55.500 --> 00:01:57.900 and where I'm at with respect to the 39 00:01:58.100 --> 00:02:01.400 File system and thinks of that nature. So typically this is where you'll 40 00:02:01.400 --> 00:02:03.000 start off unless you were doing something else. 41 00:02:03.700 --> 00:02:06.900 And you may be wondering. Well, that's neat, but I'm used 42 00:02:06.900 --> 00:02:09.300 to a gooey. I can usually see what's in that directory. So, 43 00:02:09.300 --> 00:02:12.300 how do I know? What's there now? Well if you use the 44 00:02:12.300 --> 00:02:14.100 list command or LS for short 45 00:02:15.300 --> 00:02:19.100 You'll notice that I have desktop which is the desktop folder and 46 00:02:18.100 --> 00:02:21.500 that's neat as well. Right? So with these 47 00:02:21.500 --> 00:02:24.200 two commands, you can really understand where you're 48 00:02:24.200 --> 00:02:27.400 at within the file system or within this current terminal 49 00:02:27.400 --> 00:02:30.500 session and you can get a listing of everything that's kind 50 00:02:30.500 --> 00:02:33.400 of in that current directory that you're working within 51 00:02:33.400 --> 00:02:35.400 so that's pretty easy pretty simple. 52 00:02:36.300 --> 00:02:39.600 Now let's say that you need to go back 53 00:02:39.600 --> 00:02:42.600 a directory or you need to go back a level 54 00:02:42.600 --> 00:02:46.100 here. So the command change directory or 55 00:02:45.100 --> 00:02:48.200 CD here. You can do that 56 00:02:48.200 --> 00:02:51.500 with two dots and now you notice that 57 00:02:51.500 --> 00:02:52.800 there's a slight change here. 58 00:02:53.900 --> 00:02:56.300 When I hit LS or PWD first so 59 00:02:56.300 --> 00:02:59.300 that we stay on track with that. You'll notice that I don't have anything there. 60 00:02:59.300 --> 00:03:02.100 It's just blank but when I do LS list 61 00:03:03.400 --> 00:03:06.600 We get a whole different set of 62 00:03:06.600 --> 00:03:09.300 directories here. Now, you'll notice there's root that we 63 00:03:09.300 --> 00:03:12.600 were just in there, right? So we went back one 64 00:03:12.600 --> 00:03:15.400 and now we're in a directory that 65 00:03:15.400 --> 00:03:15.500 is 66 00:03:16.600 --> 00:03:19.500 Again, the kind of root of the whole system 67 00:03:19.500 --> 00:03:22.600 here. So now if I need to get into any of 68 00:03:22.600 --> 00:03:25.800 these other areas, you might be wondering what I didn't 69 00:03:25.800 --> 00:03:28.200 mean to go here. I need to go back into root. How 70 00:03:28.200 --> 00:03:30.200 do I do that? Well with that same command 71 00:03:31.300 --> 00:03:32.600 we can type root. 72 00:03:33.300 --> 00:03:34.900 instead of the two dots 73 00:03:36.600 --> 00:03:38.200 and now we're back in the root folder. 74 00:03:38.900 --> 00:03:41.400 So as you start working through 75 00:03:41.400 --> 00:03:44.200 and you start, you know, navigating you can go 76 00:03:44.200 --> 00:03:47.300 to different areas. So let's do it kind of quick here. So CD and 77 00:03:47.300 --> 00:03:48.000 the two dots 78 00:03:48.800 --> 00:03:51.600 We're back in that folder again or that directory. 79 00:03:51.600 --> 00:03:54.500 We then do LS and now we can see something else. 80 00:03:54.500 --> 00:03:57.500 Let's say I want to go into the Etsy 81 00:03:57.500 --> 00:04:01.500 folder or the ETC folder. I just do the same thing CD Etc. 82 00:04:02.600 --> 00:04:02.900 and 83 00:04:04.400 --> 00:04:07.600 PWD and now we're working out of that particular area 84 00:04:07.600 --> 00:04:09.400 LS and there's a lot more here. 85 00:04:10.300 --> 00:04:13.600 We're moving a little fast on that. But again, it's just 86 00:04:13.600 --> 00:04:16.700 some basic navigation commands. So print working directory 87 00:04:16.700 --> 00:04:17.600 shows us where we're at. 88 00:04:18.500 --> 00:04:21.800 LS shows us the content of that particular directory. 89 00:04:22.700 --> 00:04:25.500 CD allows us to move through or back to certain 90 00:04:25.500 --> 00:04:28.100 areas and just say that I'm ready to get back 91 00:04:28.100 --> 00:04:31.100 to the root folder that I was originally in. I can just 92 00:04:31.100 --> 00:04:32.500 type CD and hit enter. 93 00:04:33.800 --> 00:04:36.500 And suddenly I'm back where I started very nice. 94 00:04:36.500 --> 00:04:39.300 So we've entered all of these different things and we've 95 00:04:39.300 --> 00:04:42.700 gotten all this different output and we're starting to get a bit of a mess here. So the 96 00:04:42.700 --> 00:04:45.900 next thing that I I would like to show you is called clear. So 97 00:04:45.900 --> 00:04:47.400 when I take clear and hit enter, 98 00:04:48.300 --> 00:04:51.700 It gets rid of all that mess and now I've got a nice clean starting 99 00:04:51.700 --> 00:04:54.400 point. So we were talking earlier about 100 00:04:54.400 --> 00:04:57.400 the different directories and whatnot. And in your 101 00:04:57.400 --> 00:05:00.600 root directory you have the desktop. So if you 102 00:05:00.600 --> 00:05:02.000 want to you can hit CD. 103 00:05:03.200 --> 00:05:04.100 type desktop 104 00:05:05.600 --> 00:05:08.100 and bam, we're there now keep in mind 105 00:05:08.100 --> 00:05:11.500 that if you want to quickly finish the name of something or 106 00:05:11.500 --> 00:05:14.200 maybe you're having some confusion on remembering like let's say 107 00:05:14.200 --> 00:05:17.700 that I'm back in that folder or that directory and I 108 00:05:17.700 --> 00:05:18.600 want to 109 00:05:19.800 --> 00:05:22.200 Maybe get to desktop or something like that now check 110 00:05:22.200 --> 00:05:25.100 this out if I do CD desktop and 111 00:05:25.100 --> 00:05:25.600 hit tab. 112 00:05:26.500 --> 00:05:30.400 Notice that it doesn't go anywhere. It's not giving me that completion. But 113 00:05:29.400 --> 00:05:30.900 when I do. 114 00:05:32.200 --> 00:05:35.800 Again in hit tab it finishes. Why is that? Well, 115 00:05:35.800 --> 00:05:38.300 keep in mind with Linux and and Callie and 116 00:05:38.300 --> 00:05:41.700 any of the distributions really their case sensitive. So if 117 00:05:41.700 --> 00:05:44.400 you type a lowercase letter, but the 118 00:05:44.400 --> 00:05:47.400 directory or command or whatever the case may be starts with 119 00:05:47.400 --> 00:05:50.400 a capital letter. It's not going to autocomplete or 120 00:05:50.400 --> 00:05:53.200 execute accordingly. So keep in mind that that 121 00:05:53.200 --> 00:05:56.300 everything here is going to be case sensitive and you'll want 122 00:05:56.300 --> 00:05:59.400 to be mindful of that as you're working. So now we're in our desktop 123 00:05:59.400 --> 00:06:02.700 directory and and that's great. So when I do my LS again, 124 00:06:03.800 --> 00:06:06.100 Oh, wow, you'll notice that the stuff that we 125 00:06:06.100 --> 00:06:09.500 have over here is now showing up in here minus the 126 00:06:09.500 --> 00:06:12.600 computer icon that we have over here, but we've 127 00:06:12.600 --> 00:06:15.500 got our read not txt 128 00:06:15.500 --> 00:06:16.100 file here. 129 00:06:17.100 --> 00:06:20.700 We've got this make dot txt. That's not showing up. So. 130 00:06:21.600 --> 00:06:24.100 Now that we're here, let's say I want to be able 131 00:06:24.100 --> 00:06:27.300 to see what's in that txt file without opening. I mean, yeah, you 132 00:06:27.300 --> 00:06:30.700 can double click and it opens great. You can see it but if 133 00:06:30.700 --> 00:06:33.400 we're working through and and we're not navigating via 134 00:06:33.400 --> 00:06:36.100 the GUI and I want to read what's in that text file. I can 135 00:06:36.100 --> 00:06:40.000 do what's called cat. It's short from concatenate and 136 00:06:39.400 --> 00:06:42.400 I can do that read dot txt. 137 00:06:42.400 --> 00:06:45.600 I just use tab there to auto complete and look it 138 00:06:45.600 --> 00:06:48.600 shows the text that's in the file. So this is a quick way that you 139 00:06:48.600 --> 00:06:51.000 can read that content of that 140 00:06:51.400 --> 00:06:54.100 file and see what's in it. Now. Let's say that 141 00:06:54.100 --> 00:06:57.700 I want to get rid of that weird makeup txt. Well, I 142 00:06:57.700 --> 00:07:00.100 can use the move the remove command. 143 00:07:01.400 --> 00:07:03.900 And then I can start typing the name of that. 144 00:07:05.200 --> 00:07:08.100 And suddenly that that completes there's no error there. So 145 00:07:08.100 --> 00:07:09.000 we do LS again. 146 00:07:10.100 --> 00:07:13.300 And as you'll notice make dot txt is 147 00:07:13.300 --> 00:07:16.700 no longer here so that RM allowed me to remove that 148 00:07:16.700 --> 00:07:20.200 make not txt folder or 149 00:07:20.200 --> 00:07:21.400 I'm sorry text file. 150 00:07:22.200 --> 00:07:23.000 All right. So now 151 00:07:24.100 --> 00:07:28.500 let's say that I want to go ahead 152 00:07:28.500 --> 00:07:28.700 and 153 00:07:30.600 --> 00:07:33.100 make another text file or something like that. So you 154 00:07:33.100 --> 00:07:36.300 can also do cat which allowed 155 00:07:36.300 --> 00:07:36.700 us to read. 156 00:07:37.700 --> 00:07:40.600 And I can do a quick kind of 157 00:07:40.600 --> 00:07:41.300 carrot here. 158 00:07:42.500 --> 00:07:45.800 And it will output to a text or a 159 00:07:45.800 --> 00:07:48.000 text file and so in this case, what I can do is I can 160 00:07:48.200 --> 00:07:50.100 do test Dot txt. 161 00:07:52.100 --> 00:07:55.400 And suddenly that creates a text file pretty quick on the desktop there. 162 00:07:55.400 --> 00:07:58.400 So now I'm going to hit control C just to back 163 00:07:58.400 --> 00:07:58.600 out. 164 00:07:59.500 --> 00:08:01.400 And now I have an empty text file here. 165 00:08:02.700 --> 00:08:05.000 So that's pretty neat stuff. That's a quick way to 166 00:08:05.300 --> 00:08:08.500 create a text file quick way to read a text file quick way 167 00:08:08.500 --> 00:08:11.500 to remove one. Let's say now that I want to make 168 00:08:11.500 --> 00:08:14.600 a folder or a directory on the desktop. 169 00:08:14.600 --> 00:08:18.400 So in this case, what I can do is mkder or 170 00:08:17.400 --> 00:08:20.100 make directory and then I 171 00:08:20.100 --> 00:08:24.100 can do let's just say I want to call it test directory. 172 00:08:26.100 --> 00:08:29.200 Suddenly I've got folder over 173 00:08:29.200 --> 00:08:30.600 here on the desktop named test. 174 00:08:31.300 --> 00:08:32.900 so now when I look 175 00:08:33.600 --> 00:08:36.300 You'll see that Test shows up here in blue now. We'll talk about 176 00:08:36.300 --> 00:08:39.600 these colors and all those things in the next lesson. So 177 00:08:39.600 --> 00:08:42.300 don't get hung up on the color just yet. We'll explain 178 00:08:42.300 --> 00:08:43.300 all of that here soon. 179 00:08:44.300 --> 00:08:48.000 Now let's say that I want to move my test dot txt to 180 00:08:47.600 --> 00:08:50.600 the test folder that 181 00:08:50.600 --> 00:08:53.300 I just created. So what I can do is I can 182 00:08:53.300 --> 00:08:54.600 type MV for move. 183 00:08:56.400 --> 00:08:58.400 That test Dot txt. 184 00:08:59.600 --> 00:09:01.900 And then I'm going to move it to test. 185 00:09:04.500 --> 00:09:05.800 Suddenly it disappears, right? 186 00:09:07.200 --> 00:09:10.100 no longer there now if I do my 187 00:09:10.100 --> 00:09:11.800 CD to test 188 00:09:13.400 --> 00:09:16.200 LS for list suddenly, there. It 189 00:09:16.200 --> 00:09:19.100 is. So pretty neat stuff. I mean 190 00:09:19.100 --> 00:09:22.400 not not a lot to it. Once we get some of those basic commands 191 00:09:22.400 --> 00:09:25.700 down and we're able to you know, 192 00:09:25.700 --> 00:09:28.100 kind of cleanly navigate and make a few 193 00:09:28.100 --> 00:09:31.800 files and do some things you're really ready to jump in and start working so good 194 00:09:31.800 --> 00:09:34.300 job on that stuff. So you might be wondering why 195 00:09:34.300 --> 00:09:37.300 you did a lot. How do I know what I've done this far? How 196 00:09:37.300 --> 00:09:40.500 do I know what steps I've taken what if I want to see some things that I did earlier, but 197 00:09:40.500 --> 00:09:43.200 I can't remember. Well, you can use 198 00:09:43.200 --> 00:09:44.000 the history command. 199 00:09:45.300 --> 00:09:47.900 And that cleanly lists out everything that we've done in this terminal. 200 00:09:48.800 --> 00:09:49.300 Session here. 201 00:09:51.100 --> 00:09:51.600 And then from there. 202 00:09:52.700 --> 00:09:53.500 Let's say we're done. 203 00:09:54.400 --> 00:09:56.800 And we can hit exit and it closes the terminal. 204 00:09:57.800 --> 00:10:00.500 So with that in mind start doing some 205 00:10:00.500 --> 00:10:03.800 navigation start working through the terminal on your own and practice 206 00:10:03.800 --> 00:10:06.600 in some of those commands and before you know, it you'll be 207 00:10:06.600 --> 00:10:09.500 an expert now. Let's do a quick check on 208 00:10:09.500 --> 00:10:12.300 learning. You didn't think you were getting away without one of those did you so 209 00:10:12.300 --> 00:10:15.300 what command allows you to move a file from One Directory to 210 00:10:15.300 --> 00:10:18.100 another well with these in mind. 211 00:10:19.600 --> 00:10:23.000 You may be thinking well MB move 212 00:10:22.400 --> 00:10:25.500 makes sense, right? That would be correct. Keep 213 00:10:25.500 --> 00:10:28.700 in mind that RM was to remove files 214 00:10:28.700 --> 00:10:31.700 or content in kurum 215 00:10:31.700 --> 00:10:34.400 make directory was to make a folder or a directory 216 00:10:34.400 --> 00:10:37.500 LS was to list and move was to 217 00:10:37.500 --> 00:10:41.300 move files from one directory to another. So in 218 00:10:40.300 --> 00:10:43.300 summary you should have gotten a 219 00:10:43.300 --> 00:10:46.300 very high level understanding on how to navigate through 220 00:10:46.300 --> 00:10:49.800 Callie's directories how to create manipulate some 221 00:10:49.800 --> 00:10:52.400 files in a high level and really how much fun you're 222 00:10:52.400 --> 00:10:55.500 gonna have doing this stuff and working through the county distribution 223 00:10:55.500 --> 00:10:59.200 or any distribution of Linux to to be honest and learning 224 00:10:58.200 --> 00:11:01.400 these commands so great job. Thank you 225 00:11:01.400 --> 00:11:04.200 for your time today and I look forward to seeing you again here 226 00:11:04.200 --> 00:11:04.400 soon.