WEBVTT - This file was automatically generated by VIMEO 0 00:00:00.300 --> 00:00:03.600 Hello and welcome to this. Cali fundamentals 1 00:00:03.600 --> 00:00:06.300 lesson. I'm very excited to be here with you today. 2 00:00:06.300 --> 00:00:09.300 And so we just got done working in 3 00:00:09.300 --> 00:00:12.500 the terminal and doing some things of that nature and now we're 4 00:00:12.500 --> 00:00:15.200 really going to focus on the file system. So 5 00:00:15.200 --> 00:00:18.700 you may have been asking yourself. How do I better 6 00:00:18.700 --> 00:00:21.500 understand the file system? How do I know where things around? What 7 00:00:21.500 --> 00:00:24.300 do I need to understand? Well, the good news 8 00:00:24.300 --> 00:00:27.400 is in this lesson. We're going to give you a high 9 00:00:27.400 --> 00:00:30.400 level understanding of the file system not just with Cali but 10 00:00:30.400 --> 00:00:33.300 any Linux distribution that you're working with and then 11 00:00:33.300 --> 00:00:36.600 a high level understanding of permissions. And so 12 00:00:36.600 --> 00:00:39.500 to get us started. Let's touch on that color coding 13 00:00:39.500 --> 00:00:42.700 we discussed in the previous lesson. Now, there 14 00:00:42.700 --> 00:00:45.100 are a few other colors as well 15 00:00:45.100 --> 00:00:49.500 as these but these are the ones we wanted to touch on with respect 16 00:00:49.500 --> 00:00:52.700 to this particular lesson. And so remember blue 17 00:00:52.700 --> 00:00:55.600 when we were looking at the desktop folder and 18 00:00:55.600 --> 00:00:58.800 things of that nature and our root directory. Well that represents 19 00:00:58.800 --> 00:01:00.100 a directory so 20 00:01:00.500 --> 00:01:03.200 Blue in this color similar that's a 21 00:01:03.200 --> 00:01:06.700 directory green is going to be executable or recognized 22 00:01:06.700 --> 00:01:09.500 data files. Sky blue is symbolic link 23 00:01:09.500 --> 00:01:12.500 files yellow with a black background is going to be devices 24 00:01:12.500 --> 00:01:15.300 pink is graphic images red is 25 00:01:15.300 --> 00:01:18.500 going to be archives Zips things that nature and red 26 00:01:18.500 --> 00:01:22.400 with a black background is going to be broken links 27 00:01:21.400 --> 00:01:24.600 and things of that nature so very easy 28 00:01:24.600 --> 00:01:27.200 there to kind of get into and as you work more with the 29 00:01:27.200 --> 00:01:30.900 file system and do the distributions Linux or otherwise, you're 30 00:01:30.900 --> 00:01:32.300 going to see these colors a lot. 31 00:01:33.300 --> 00:01:36.600 Now, let's jump into the file system. So the Linux 32 00:01:36.600 --> 00:01:39.800 file system follows the file system hierarchy 33 00:01:39.800 --> 00:01:42.200 standard or FHS and in 34 00:01:42.200 --> 00:01:45.600 Cali's case. This is no exception. So here are 35 00:01:45.600 --> 00:01:48.900 a few key directories we want to touch on and we'll 36 00:01:48.900 --> 00:01:51.200 look at a high level overview of this in a 37 00:01:51.200 --> 00:01:54.200 moment. So Ben is where you're going to see basic programs. And 38 00:01:54.200 --> 00:01:57.400 so as you can see here, we did a PWD in an LS of 39 00:01:57.400 --> 00:02:00.300 that Ben folder or directory and it's got things like 40 00:02:00.300 --> 00:02:03.300 LS and mkder and 41 00:02:03.300 --> 00:02:06.400 essentially when we were running those commands it's looking here for 42 00:02:06.400 --> 00:02:09.800 the directions on how that works. And so that's got 43 00:02:09.800 --> 00:02:12.300 basic programs and things of that nature and Ben 44 00:02:12.300 --> 00:02:15.100 and then root is where we had our desktop folder and 45 00:02:15.100 --> 00:02:18.000 where we'll have the the basic kind of 46 00:02:18.400 --> 00:02:21.000 images or anything that we save under our root account. It's going to 47 00:02:21.100 --> 00:02:24.800 be here in our personal files in that route directory. MNT is 48 00:02:24.800 --> 00:02:27.000 a temporary Mount Point directory. So if we 49 00:02:27.300 --> 00:02:30.400 Mount any Media or anything of that nature, it's going to be showing 50 00:02:30.400 --> 00:02:32.800 up here Etsy is configuration. 51 00:02:33.600 --> 00:02:36.900 Files and things of that nature as you can see here with Etsy LS what 52 00:02:36.900 --> 00:02:39.800 we found was like ice weasel 53 00:02:39.800 --> 00:02:42.600 and some other config files and profile information 54 00:02:42.600 --> 00:02:45.300 and whatnot is going to be located in that 55 00:02:45.700 --> 00:02:48.400 Etsy directory and then Dev down 56 00:02:48.400 --> 00:02:51.600 here. We've got devices and device files essentially 57 00:02:51.600 --> 00:02:53.900 that are going to be in this directory. 58 00:02:54.500 --> 00:02:58.100 Now a high level overview of how the file system 59 00:02:57.100 --> 00:03:00.300 looks is represented here. So we started 60 00:03:00.300 --> 00:03:03.200 off in this route directory previously and then when 61 00:03:03.200 --> 00:03:06.500 we did that CD dot dot command it brings 62 00:03:06.500 --> 00:03:09.900 us here and from here we were able to see all of 63 00:03:09.900 --> 00:03:12.400 these different points in the system and 64 00:03:12.400 --> 00:03:15.500 then we can navigate down and drill down into each of those and 65 00:03:15.500 --> 00:03:18.300 so as we discussed earlier with like Ben we've got 66 00:03:18.300 --> 00:03:21.500 essential user binaries here. So like the ls command 67 00:03:21.500 --> 00:03:24.800 and make sure and ping and so as 68 00:03:24.800 --> 00:03:27.700 you enter those commands in the terminal it's referencing 69 00:03:27.700 --> 00:03:30.700 here for those. So if you were to accidentally delete to delete 70 00:03:30.700 --> 00:03:34.100 like Ping and then try to Ping later shouldn't work 71 00:03:34.100 --> 00:03:37.200 because now you've deleted the reference point in the binaries that make 72 00:03:37.200 --> 00:03:40.300 it work. And so same thing here at Sea in 73 00:03:40.300 --> 00:03:43.700 here has config files. So like we've got 74 00:03:43.700 --> 00:03:46.100 different areas that you can see here that would have 75 00:03:46.100 --> 00:03:49.400 configuration files and things that nature ESPN has 76 00:03:49.400 --> 00:03:52.800 some essential system binaries Etc. 77 00:03:52.800 --> 00:03:53.900 And so as 78 00:03:54.500 --> 00:03:57.600 Getting through this and looking at the file system. You don't need to really memorize 79 00:03:57.600 --> 00:04:00.400 the layout just know that you know, if you're having 80 00:04:00.400 --> 00:04:04.000 issues or your troubleshooting something and it's command-related or 81 00:04:03.300 --> 00:04:06.600 if it's configuration related. We'll 82 00:04:06.600 --> 00:04:09.400 get into like how to make some changes in the in the 83 00:04:09.400 --> 00:04:12.800 configuration files and things of that nature later. So for now have 84 00:04:12.800 --> 00:04:15.300 a quick reference be kind of aware of where things 85 00:04:15.300 --> 00:04:18.500 are at, but don't spend too much time trying to memorize everything. 86 00:04:19.500 --> 00:04:22.600 All right quick check on learning. So as 87 00:04:22.600 --> 00:04:25.200 we were discussing earlier with colors and things of that nature 88 00:04:25.200 --> 00:04:28.900 in these in the file system, which one represented 89 00:04:28.900 --> 00:04:29.600 a directory. 90 00:04:31.200 --> 00:04:34.500 All right, so remember green was an executable. 91 00:04:35.700 --> 00:04:37.900 Pink was a graphic image file. 92 00:04:38.800 --> 00:04:42.600 Read was an archive file blue represents 93 00:04:42.600 --> 00:04:45.200 a directory. So if you see not sky blue, 94 00:04:45.200 --> 00:04:48.400 but that darker blue that represents a directory 95 00:04:48.400 --> 00:04:51.400 like the desktop folder or something of that nature and then 96 00:04:51.400 --> 00:04:55.100 configuration files are located in which directory so 97 00:04:54.100 --> 00:04:57.600 remember root was the personal files 98 00:04:57.600 --> 00:05:00.400 for us Dev was our device files 99 00:05:00.400 --> 00:05:03.800 and things of that nature Mount represented temporary 100 00:05:03.800 --> 00:05:06.800 Mount points and things like that for media Etsy 101 00:05:06.800 --> 00:05:09.600 is where we had configuration files 102 00:05:09.600 --> 00:05:12.400 with respect to this file system. 103 00:05:12.400 --> 00:05:15.500 So all of that is good, but you may be wondering what 104 00:05:15.500 --> 00:05:18.600 about permissions and things that nature I mean has that 105 00:05:18.600 --> 00:05:21.300 crossed your mind. I know it's Crossing mine. So let's jump into 106 00:05:21.300 --> 00:05:24.400 a quick overview on permissions now don't get 107 00:05:24.400 --> 00:05:27.400 overwhelmed just note that this may be 108 00:05:27.400 --> 00:05:30.400 a good quick reference. You can also, you know, use Google 109 00:05:30.400 --> 00:05:33.100 and find some represents references that are you know 110 00:05:33.100 --> 00:05:36.300 more your style but looking below here. We 111 00:05:36.300 --> 00:05:38.200 did a quick LS - 112 00:05:38.900 --> 00:05:41.200 Hmm. Nope, see I did a cap there. That's 113 00:05:41.200 --> 00:05:44.300 not right. You can't do capitals LA and what that 114 00:05:44.300 --> 00:05:47.600 does is it provides this output in the directory? 115 00:05:48.100 --> 00:05:51.500 Now when you're thinking of permissions, you've got zero to seven 116 00:05:51.500 --> 00:05:54.500 here and each of these numbers gets higher and higher 117 00:05:54.500 --> 00:05:57.100 as the level of permissions as we go through here. So when we get to 118 00:05:57.100 --> 00:06:00.200 number seven that gives us read right and execute permission 119 00:06:00.200 --> 00:06:03.700 now, you'll notice that there are several groups 120 00:06:03.700 --> 00:06:06.500 of letters here. So don't worry about this on 121 00:06:06.500 --> 00:06:09.200 the end. It's either blank or d and d means 122 00:06:09.200 --> 00:06:12.600 that you've got a directory see that blue color there on the 123 00:06:12.600 --> 00:06:15.200 end when it's blank. It just means that it's not a 124 00:06:15.200 --> 00:06:18.600 directory. It's you know some other file type. So this is broken down 125 00:06:18.600 --> 00:06:21.900 into three sets essentially here of 126 00:06:21.900 --> 00:06:24.500 letters and that's represented as 127 00:06:24.500 --> 00:06:24.900 user. 128 00:06:25.900 --> 00:06:26.300 group 129 00:06:27.200 --> 00:06:30.700 or other now as you're thinking about these permissions. I 130 00:06:30.700 --> 00:06:33.300 took the time here to kind of lay them outside by side. 131 00:06:33.300 --> 00:06:36.500 So looking at zero it's represented as such execute would 132 00:06:36.500 --> 00:06:39.300 be represented in each of these As an X. 133 00:06:39.300 --> 00:06:42.500 Now, it could be different. You can have any combination of these three 134 00:06:42.500 --> 00:06:45.400 user group and other and the 135 00:06:45.400 --> 00:06:48.500 permissions like, you know in group could be read write execute. I 136 00:06:48.500 --> 00:06:51.500 can have nothing in user and nothing in others. 137 00:06:51.500 --> 00:06:54.500 And so I can have a combination of any of 138 00:06:54.500 --> 00:06:58.100 these read right and execute someone we're looking here at this 139 00:06:57.100 --> 00:07:01.000 particular at deny. 140 00:07:00.700 --> 00:07:03.700 That means that they're is reading 141 00:07:03.700 --> 00:07:07.300 right on the owner so r&w and then 142 00:07:07.300 --> 00:07:10.300 we've got just read on the 143 00:07:10.300 --> 00:07:13.400 group and nothing on other. So how to 144 00:07:13.400 --> 00:07:16.900 keep them in mind. That's a high level dive into permissions use a 145 00:07:16.900 --> 00:07:19.200 reference to help you get through that if you're thinking about 146 00:07:19.200 --> 00:07:22.400 inheritance and things of that nature just think of it is going in this 147 00:07:22.400 --> 00:07:25.600 direction. So if you've got read write execute under 148 00:07:25.600 --> 00:07:27.000 other and everything else 149 00:07:27.200 --> 00:07:30.200 Is blank then no matter what the user or group you should 150 00:07:30.200 --> 00:07:33.700 be able to read write or execute that file or directory. 151 00:07:33.700 --> 00:07:36.400 And so this is is the equivalent of the windows. 152 00:07:37.100 --> 00:07:40.800 Kind of everyone on my sorry handwriting 153 00:07:40.800 --> 00:07:43.300 here, but everyone essentially is in other 154 00:07:43.300 --> 00:07:46.400 and then it's defined by group and then user which 155 00:07:46.400 --> 00:07:49.300 is typically the owner and things of that nature. So go right to 156 00:07:49.300 --> 00:07:52.500 left when looking at these and defining what 157 00:07:52.500 --> 00:07:55.600 the true level of access is when you're working through those but don't 158 00:07:55.600 --> 00:07:58.400 get hung up on permissions just know zero through 159 00:07:58.400 --> 00:08:02.000 seven as we get closer to seven that's like full permissions on 160 00:08:01.500 --> 00:08:04.400 any given area here and it's broken 161 00:08:04.400 --> 00:08:07.300 down into user group and other so with 162 00:08:07.300 --> 00:08:11.200 that in mind, let's do a quick check on learning which number 163 00:08:10.200 --> 00:08:13.800 provides everything read write 164 00:08:13.800 --> 00:08:15.200 and execute permissions. 165 00:08:16.700 --> 00:08:17.600 all right, so remember 166 00:08:18.800 --> 00:08:21.800 You we didn't go through the numbers entirely two 167 00:08:21.800 --> 00:08:22.400 is right. 168 00:08:23.600 --> 00:08:24.400 4 is read 169 00:08:25.400 --> 00:08:28.700 six is read write which you should have caught was read 170 00:08:28.700 --> 00:08:31.700 write and execute which is all three everything that 171 00:08:31.700 --> 00:08:34.500 we can do and that was represented as a seven 172 00:08:34.500 --> 00:08:35.100 now. 173 00:08:36.300 --> 00:08:39.500 With all of those things in mind and everything that you just learned, what 174 00:08:39.500 --> 00:08:42.500 did we pick up on? What should we remember? Well, we looked 175 00:08:42.500 --> 00:08:45.800 at colors the blue green pink red directory 176 00:08:45.800 --> 00:08:48.600 executable graphic image archive file. 177 00:08:48.600 --> 00:08:51.500 So those colors are important as we navigate through the file system, 178 00:08:51.500 --> 00:08:54.600 and we're understanding what things are and what they mean. We 179 00:08:54.600 --> 00:08:57.300 did a basic overview of the file system layout in 180 00:08:57.300 --> 00:09:00.300 the fall hierarchy standard and a high level 181 00:09:00.300 --> 00:09:03.500 overview of permissions zero through seven, so I 182 00:09:03.500 --> 00:09:06.300 want to thank you for your time again today. We've learned so 183 00:09:06.300 --> 00:09:09.400 much together, and I look forward to seeing you again soon.