WEBVTT - This file was automatically generated by VIMEO 0 00:00:00.900 --> 00:00:04.100 Hello and welcome to this. Cali fundamentals 1 00:00:03.100 --> 00:00:06.400 lesson. I'm your host Robert Smith, and 2 00:00:06.400 --> 00:00:09.200 I'm excited to be here with you today. So we've gone 3 00:00:09.200 --> 00:00:13.100 over some things like commands to navigate the file system some, 4 00:00:12.100 --> 00:00:15.500 you know, very high level overviews of 5 00:00:15.500 --> 00:00:18.800 permissions things of that nature, but you may be wondering there's still 6 00:00:18.800 --> 00:00:21.200 a lot of commands out there. There's some things I may 7 00:00:21.200 --> 00:00:24.200 not know, you know, what are some additional things that I could learn 8 00:00:24.200 --> 00:00:27.600 that'll help me to get around Linux and Cali and 9 00:00:27.600 --> 00:00:30.400 things of that nature. Well today we're going 10 00:00:30.400 --> 00:00:33.600 to jump into those things. We're going to get some some basic 11 00:00:33.600 --> 00:00:36.600 understanding of some useful commands and we're 12 00:00:36.600 --> 00:00:39.400 going to see how those commands could be used. And and 13 00:00:39.400 --> 00:00:42.400 you know again, we'll continue to build on this Foundation that we've 14 00:00:42.400 --> 00:00:45.600 put together and go from there. So I'm going 15 00:00:45.600 --> 00:00:48.900 to go ahead and bring in my copy of Cali 16 00:00:48.900 --> 00:00:51.100 that I've installed here and you'll see 17 00:00:51.100 --> 00:00:54.100 that I've got a terminal opened up and we're currently in 18 00:00:54.100 --> 00:00:55.900 the desktop folder and so 19 00:00:56.900 --> 00:00:59.200 With that in mind. I've got a few things I wanted 20 00:00:59.200 --> 00:01:00.400 to show you so. 21 00:01:01.400 --> 00:01:04.200 You may be thinking I have an internet connection. I 22 00:01:04.200 --> 00:01:07.400 can look up commands and understand what they do. But what happens if 23 00:01:07.400 --> 00:01:10.500 you don't or what if you just want to see, you know, a quick 24 00:01:10.500 --> 00:01:13.200 easy lookup of a command or something 25 00:01:13.200 --> 00:01:16.500 like that. Well, I'd like to introduce you to the man command or 26 00:01:16.500 --> 00:01:19.900 manual. So when you type man in a command like pinglets 27 00:01:19.900 --> 00:01:20.000 say 28 00:01:20.800 --> 00:01:21.900 it pulls up a bunch of information. 29 00:01:23.200 --> 00:01:26.400 And as you can see here, it gives you the name of the command at the top a quick 30 00:01:26.400 --> 00:01:29.800 synopsis. It gives you a short description some options 31 00:01:29.800 --> 00:01:30.900 and as you scroll through 32 00:01:32.400 --> 00:01:35.300 Down towards the bottom of all these different things that it provides. 33 00:01:36.300 --> 00:01:39.600 It's got packet details and and 34 00:01:39.600 --> 00:01:42.300 some additional information. So a lot of cool 35 00:01:42.300 --> 00:01:45.100 stuff there now, there's multiple ways to use this. We can 36 00:01:45.100 --> 00:01:48.300 hit q and that takes us back to our desktop here 37 00:01:48.300 --> 00:01:50.500 do a quick clear to bring that back up. 38 00:01:51.400 --> 00:01:54.100 Now we talked about cat or concatenate. So you'll 39 00:01:54.100 --> 00:01:58.000 see over here to the left. I've got this. Hello bash file that I've created if 40 00:01:57.300 --> 00:02:00.800 I type cat and do hello. 41 00:02:02.300 --> 00:02:05.200 It shows me the output for that file. So as you can see here, I've got 42 00:02:05.200 --> 00:02:08.600 some some line that I've written here for for starting a 43 00:02:08.600 --> 00:02:11.300 bash script. And then I use this command called Echo. So 44 00:02:11.300 --> 00:02:14.300 you might be wondering what is Echo do what does that mean? Well, we do 45 00:02:14.300 --> 00:02:15.000 man Echo. 46 00:02:15.900 --> 00:02:17.100 Like we were looking at earlier. 47 00:02:17.900 --> 00:02:20.500 As you can see it displays the name gives you 48 00:02:20.500 --> 00:02:23.000 some descriptions. It says here it displays a line of 49 00:02:23.200 --> 00:02:26.100 text. This can be useful if we're writing a bash script and 50 00:02:26.100 --> 00:02:29.400 we need an output or we want it to reference something 51 00:02:29.400 --> 00:02:32.300 and produce an output from like the system or something of 52 00:02:32.300 --> 00:02:35.100 that nature we can do that using the 53 00:02:35.100 --> 00:02:38.600 echo command. So that's going to be useful for you when you start working on scripting 54 00:02:38.600 --> 00:02:42.400 and things of that nature and you're jumping into you 55 00:02:41.400 --> 00:02:45.300 know, trying to make some more complex ways 56 00:02:44.300 --> 00:02:47.300 of doing things or simplifying things and things 57 00:02:47.300 --> 00:02:48.400 that nature now, 58 00:02:49.400 --> 00:02:52.800 You can easily use Leaf pad down here and edit 59 00:02:52.800 --> 00:02:55.400 text and do things of that nature and edit files. 60 00:02:55.400 --> 00:02:58.200 But let's say I'm here on this desktop folder and I just 61 00:02:58.200 --> 00:03:01.300 want to jump straight into that text file or that 62 00:03:01.300 --> 00:03:03.900 bashful. I can do Nano and hello. 63 00:03:04.800 --> 00:03:07.600 And Bam, there we are. I've got my text editor 64 00:03:07.600 --> 00:03:10.100 open. Now, there's several different types of text editors that you 65 00:03:10.100 --> 00:03:13.100 can use. I like to use Nano some folks like 66 00:03:13.100 --> 00:03:16.200 VI some other things like that. But in 67 00:03:16.200 --> 00:03:19.000 this case, this is what I like to use now is you can see 68 00:03:19.200 --> 00:03:22.200 here. I typed Echo and then hello world. Let's say I want 69 00:03:22.200 --> 00:03:25.700 to make it a little more exciting and happy. So I do hello world 70 00:03:25.700 --> 00:03:28.800 and 2 exclamation points here on the end as you 71 00:03:28.800 --> 00:03:31.100 can see down at the bottom. It gives you some commands that you 72 00:03:31.100 --> 00:03:34.200 can use you typically hold control and hit the 73 00:03:34.200 --> 00:03:37.400 letter so I'll hit control. Oh to write out and I'm 74 00:03:37.400 --> 00:03:38.300 gonna do hello new. 75 00:03:39.300 --> 00:03:39.900 Hit enter. 76 00:03:40.900 --> 00:03:41.700 Select yes. 77 00:03:43.200 --> 00:03:46.500 By hitting Y and then I'll hit Ctrl X to exit the text editor. 78 00:03:47.400 --> 00:03:50.900 And now when I do cat hello new. 79 00:03:51.800 --> 00:03:54.700 We'll see that that's made the change for me. And then 80 00:03:54.700 --> 00:03:57.500 from there I can do a quick bash. Hello new. 81 00:03:59.200 --> 00:04:02.300 And down there. It is. Hello World using that Echo command. So 82 00:04:02.300 --> 00:04:03.700 that's awesome right now. 83 00:04:04.500 --> 00:04:05.700 We know that we're rude. 84 00:04:06.500 --> 00:04:09.800 We'll jump into the the next command here. So I am root. Let's 85 00:04:09.800 --> 00:04:12.300 say that I'm a different user or you're a pin 86 00:04:12.300 --> 00:04:15.800 tester security tester. You've gotten into a system. You want to know what permissions the 87 00:04:15.800 --> 00:04:18.400 user account has. Well, you can use the command 88 00:04:18.400 --> 00:04:19.100 called ID. 89 00:04:19.900 --> 00:04:22.300 And that gives you an output of the permissions that 90 00:04:22.300 --> 00:04:25.200 the account that you're currently logged into 91 00:04:25.200 --> 00:04:28.600 has so that's a good useful thing to have and then 92 00:04:28.600 --> 00:04:31.500 let's say you need to install something. So you notice okay. 93 00:04:31.500 --> 00:04:34.400 I'm the root user. I can install a new programs 94 00:04:34.400 --> 00:04:37.200 applications. But how much space do I have how 95 00:04:37.200 --> 00:04:41.000 much information can I really store on this drive right now? So DF will 96 00:04:40.300 --> 00:04:43.300 show us the free disc space or the disk space 97 00:04:43.300 --> 00:04:46.600 that's free on the system and where everything's at and 98 00:04:46.600 --> 00:04:49.300 it gives you this nice layout here of what's 99 00:04:49.300 --> 00:04:52.100 been used on the right when it's mounted on 100 00:04:52.100 --> 00:04:56.600 as far as the share would have you available space you space 101 00:04:55.900 --> 00:04:58.200 Etc. And so that's a 102 00:04:58.200 --> 00:05:01.100 quick and easy way to do some troubleshooting or check to see how 103 00:05:01.100 --> 00:05:02.500 much free space you have now. 104 00:05:03.500 --> 00:05:06.900 I'm going to introduce you to when I think is one of the most important commands 105 00:05:06.900 --> 00:05:09.500 which is past WD which 106 00:05:09.500 --> 00:05:12.300 is password for short and when we hit enter. 107 00:05:12.900 --> 00:05:15.100 It asks me for a new password. So I'm 108 00:05:15.100 --> 00:05:16.300 going to go ahead and update that. 109 00:05:22.500 --> 00:05:25.100 Oops, looks like we made a mistake. Well, we can't see what we're doing. 110 00:05:25.100 --> 00:05:28.200 Right but that's okay. If I had done that correctly what it 111 00:05:28.200 --> 00:05:31.600 would have done is updated my password and that's very much important 112 00:05:31.600 --> 00:05:34.300 when you inherited system when you 113 00:05:34.300 --> 00:05:37.500 work on a system day to day and you know, 114 00:05:37.500 --> 00:05:40.300 maybe you need to change the password or something of that 115 00:05:40.300 --> 00:05:43.900 nature or you don't want the default credentials on something then 116 00:05:43.900 --> 00:05:46.400 in a Linux environment. You can use that past 117 00:05:46.400 --> 00:05:50.000 WD command and it will allow you to change the 118 00:05:49.000 --> 00:05:50.400 password. 119 00:05:51.400 --> 00:05:54.100 So I know that was a lot of information but those are the 120 00:05:54.100 --> 00:05:57.100 commands that we want to start with and the things that we want to learn to use. 121 00:05:57.100 --> 00:06:00.700 Those are going to be fundamental and helping you to not only edit 122 00:06:00.700 --> 00:06:03.700 files and and produce, you know, better scripts 123 00:06:03.700 --> 00:06:06.800 and things of that nature, but they're going 124 00:06:06.800 --> 00:06:09.300 to give you that foundational tool set to 125 00:06:09.300 --> 00:06:12.300 continue to move deeper and deeper into your understanding of 126 00:06:12.300 --> 00:06:15.300 not just Cali but Linux platforms as a 127 00:06:15.300 --> 00:06:18.400 whole. So now that we've gone through that together, let's do a quick check 128 00:06:18.400 --> 00:06:21.400 on learning which command describes and 129 00:06:21.400 --> 00:06:23.100 shows you how to use other commands. 130 00:06:25.300 --> 00:06:26.800 Now thinking about that. 131 00:06:27.600 --> 00:06:30.300 Remember DF is going to show us disk space 132 00:06:30.300 --> 00:06:33.000 that's free. So DF down here Nano was 133 00:06:33.300 --> 00:06:37.000 our text editor. So that's going to allow me to edit files edit 134 00:06:36.200 --> 00:06:39.700 content makes scripts do things that nature cat 135 00:06:39.700 --> 00:06:42.600 allowed me to pull the output out of 136 00:06:42.600 --> 00:06:46.000 a file and displayed in the terminal like we did Cat hello 137 00:06:45.100 --> 00:06:48.000 new or cat. Hello and that showed us all of the 138 00:06:48.500 --> 00:06:49.000 content of the file. 139 00:06:49.800 --> 00:06:52.500 So the last choice that we have here is man 140 00:06:52.500 --> 00:06:55.300 which is short for manual that shows us. What a 141 00:06:55.300 --> 00:06:58.300 command does a description of the command and gives us a 142 00:06:58.300 --> 00:07:01.300 lot of good information on what we can do with respect to different 143 00:07:01.300 --> 00:07:04.300 switches and things of that nature with those commands that we put after 144 00:07:04.300 --> 00:07:07.600 man. So in summary in this very brief 145 00:07:07.600 --> 00:07:10.500 lesson today, we discussed the following the man 146 00:07:10.500 --> 00:07:13.700 command the cat command Echo Nano ID 147 00:07:13.700 --> 00:07:17.200 DF and password or past WD 148 00:07:16.200 --> 00:07:19.600 for short all of those are important because man 149 00:07:19.600 --> 00:07:22.500 is giving us instructions on how to use commands cat gives 150 00:07:22.500 --> 00:07:25.600 us outputs. If we don't want to open the file or looking at 151 00:07:25.600 --> 00:07:28.500 text editor echo's going to allow us to do some things like 152 00:07:28.500 --> 00:07:31.600 right scripts display information output information. 153 00:07:31.600 --> 00:07:35.700 So it's a great command to have in your tool chest. Nana 154 00:07:34.700 --> 00:07:37.300 was great for editing text files, 155 00:07:37.300 --> 00:07:40.700 but it's not the only text editor out there ideas great 156 00:07:40.700 --> 00:07:43.900 for understanding permissions DF is good for understanding disc 157 00:07:43.900 --> 00:07:46.200 space utilization and where we 158 00:07:46.200 --> 00:07:49.500 might be able to clean some things up and past WD is 159 00:07:49.500 --> 00:07:49.700 fun. 160 00:07:49.700 --> 00:07:52.800 Mental and ensuring that we change our password or 161 00:07:52.800 --> 00:07:55.100 that we don't use default credentials on a system. 162 00:07:55.100 --> 00:07:58.300 So I know that that was brief, but I enjoyed having you 163 00:07:58.300 --> 00:08:01.400 here today and I look forward to seeing you again soon.