Welcome back, everyone.
This is Rajneesh again and this lecture you going.
We are going to understand about Lennix basics.
You might be aware about some of them, but this is for those who are fresh and fresh for everything,
fresh for Linux as well.
So we'll be talking it from very abstract point of view.
All right.
So enough talking.
Let's get started.
So when I talk about the understanding, the Linux architecture, why, in fact, you may ask why we
are understanding basically Linux, because if you understand Linux architecture, you will find no
difficulty understanding the Linux architecture as well.
All right.
So and the Linux basics will be initially covering code companies for certain directories.
Understand directories as a folders in your windows.
Right.
So just like you have multiple folders and windows, those folders are called directories.
And in Linux, you know, nomenclature files are basically files.
It could be anything, it could be text file, file, a spreadsheet, anything.
System is all about your C.P.U process, RAM storage, all the stuff.
OK, and user, of course, will be understanding each of these components one by one.
Let's first listen let's first understand from the directories point of view.
So this is what the directory structure really looks like.
The SLAs represent your proxy and from there you can reach out to multiple other folders or in a way,
from the Linux point of view, it is directories.
So there could be a VAD directly is or your temporary files and those files which are regularly being
used very, very often been used.
So you talk about log file tampering, file your web application that files and all those stuffs are
basically stored in the future directly.
So let's say you want to reach out to there.
You just have to go to the software directly from the Windows point.
If you had just a folder, as I told you earlier, Isbin user directory, temporary temp, temporary
directories as well.
There are home directory.
So usually when you have any any sort of any sort of user account, maybe for any of the letter, you
are the Caleigh account as a user.
So Calli will have its own home.
But if you have just created Roger, so Roger will have its own home directly under which you will find
your desktop download, you will find pictures, videos and all those directories under there are exer
EDC directory as well.
This is where you will find a certain system, relative directories as well.
So this is how the structure really looks like bone cancer stuff, all those configuration, other configuration
related files in a way.
Let's get started.
Let's understand more of that.
This is how the galley structure really looks like.
I mean, this is something which we have been familiar all year.
But if you remember, we have created a user called Roger and we have the permission of Sudo as well.
And that means this user will be able to make use of any high privilege commands as well by making use
of Souto as a prefix.
Right.
So if I'm currently currently on the Kailey as a Akali user, but I can log in, log in as Roger user
as well for that, what do you need to do is you just need to type pseudo minus.
Oh yeah.
That's minus L and the user name type minus and the password for the project.
Sorry for the Roger and heteros, you see, I now logged in as Roger in the system.
So now you can you can you can you login, can you put can you make use of all those commands that we
have tried that we have tried with the galley or the route user?
The answer is yes, you can.
You see that this didn't work because for this you again need pseudo as a prefix.
And now this is working.
You've got the idea.
Right.
So this is that.
And I hope there's nothing more to talk about it.
Let's understand the bureaucratic structure.
But before we get the idea, if you want to understand what is the current version of your system,
usually in the Mac, what do you need to do?
Is you if you want to get the idea about your current version of your Mac, you go to the extreme left
side about Mac and you click on those Mac logo and get the idea about what is the current version of
your Mac and Windows as well.
Exactly the same.
You go to your PC speciesist information about your PC as well in the Linux distribution or Kelly as
well.
You can type you name, sir, and you could say.
Name minus are you get the idea of the curly five point nine point zero, right?
And to get the detailed information about it, you type minus here, that gives you information about
Paul.
So you get the idea about the entire structure.
So, Uesugi, it's a David, OK?
There in the Lennix there are two distribution.
One goes to Davian, another for the open.
This is the part of the DB in architecture.
So this is all about understanding the basic structure.
Now, let's say you want to know where exactly you stand, with which structure, which directory you
are currently into.
OK, for that, you can make use of PWI.
So this way you get the idea, OK?
You are currently egholm slashed.
Roger, this is directly where you are at this moment.
And let's say we talked about multiple directories, if you remember, slash the structure.
Right.
Currently we are in to slash home slash Roger.
That's the user right.
Now, let's say I want to jump from this slash home to maybe slash.
Where would I need to do that?
Zuckermann call cheese directly KDDI so I can do, you know, KDDI slash vair and I can move in to there.
So now if I make use of BWV President working directory, I mean I get to know about the slash where
I'm currently in Baraki at this moment.
Now we are currently in this folder.
So from the Windows point of view, it's folder.
As I told you, I'm repeating it again and again because to give you a clarity on it so that you get
familiarity about it.
So currently you are into the van.
Now, if you want to know what other files into it, you can just make use of my endless list and you
get to see all the files, folder and everything.
And if you do a list minus all, you get the list with the detailed information.
Now, if you see these are the you know, these are the directories.
And with this, you also get to know what are the privileges assigned, what are the privileges for
each one of them.
You get to know if you have read orders and read X and execute W as in.
Right.
So either somebody can read it, write it or executed this all you get to know about it.
And who is the author of The Order and when it was last updated.
So minus I'll give you the detailed information about each and every file, whereas by Alice you just
get to know about all the files, folder and everything.
In fact, now let's say you are into flashback and you want to create another folder, just like in
Windows.
What do you do?
Right.
Click create new folder.
And that's done.
Right.
But in Linux you it's not that easy.
It all works on the.
It all works on the command line.
You have to make use of the command.
OK, it's not that.
In fact it's good to make use of command all the time because that's where you get more familiar from
the point of an ethical hacker coder programming as well.
So let's say you are in to slash by directing and now you want to make another for another directory.
What you can do is you can make a command and the that's the MC directory and just name it, let's say
test and.
Oh, I'm sorry.
So because I logged in as Roger, so I need to make use of pseudo pseudo EMCDDA test and this should
work.
Right.
So now if I do a list I should see my test directory somewhere and endre and that it is here and if
you do the minus l you also get to know when it was last created.
So you see test is created exactly.
Here.
Right.
So this is how it works.
Now let's say if I have created this, I have to go into it.
So now let's go to their last test and I'm going to do this directly.
You can again verify PWP.
It's it's a good practice when you make use of it.
Earlier in the earlier version of Kelly, this wasn't present.
So if you are in any other distribution, it's good to make use of BWV because with Kelly, you already
have an idea about which director you have.
You don't really have to make use of BWV again and again.
Right.
But to practice, which can be used in any other distribution.
OK, so we are what we are done with the directorate.
Now let's make a file into it so that you can create an index file.
Maybe by using National Command and you can edit it as well, or you can make use of that so you can
type that and give a file name as best dot DST once you hit, enter the file.
Oh, sorry.
So that's that's what I was talking about.
If you are a normal user, every time, every time you have to create something, write something,
you have to have privileges.
And for that you have to make use of what's in the solution.
You can directly log the log in.
As a root user, I told you how to do it.
Pseudo minus I and you can be a user.
But why?
I'm not doing it at this moment because most of the time you won't be, you know, being as a user or
some something else.
You won't be having the root access all the time.
So in that case, how a practice of making use of pseudo.
Right.
Pseudo touch.
Oh, I'm sorry not to touch test.
That's the extent and we go now if you do a minus and that's directly, you should find your file.
You see this?
That's now you see your file as well.
Now, let's say you want to remove it for some reason, maybe let's say I create one more file that
oh, I'm sorry, you can simply do an apple and type test one and you can create another one as well.
That's two.
That's three.
You know, you can go any number of times.
I mean, you can also you have created the file.
You can verify that as but these are test test one destitutes three as well.
Now, if you want to edit those files, you can either make use of V.I. the auditor and then filing.
So in that case, you can edit those files or the simple one is the Nano.
You can simply do not know these are extradicted, just like you have into the application, like Windows
and you know, Mac well.
And in the Linux you have now already built software.
So let's say I do NENO and I do test one.
Steve, I could just hit enter and you see the back.
Whatever you type over here, it should be easy.
But remember this, it won't.
It's again the same problem because you have logged in, you have made, made use of you didn't make
use of Sudoku man.
It won't really allow you to save it because even if you do that, it won't really be allowing it because
because of the same reason.
So if you do the pseudo nano pseudo nano test one now, it should look you see that those are red alert
are not there.
So now you can type anything to see you just click control X and it will ask if you have modified it.
Press enter and it will say if you want to modify the filename or something you can just hit enter.
If you want to manipulate the filename you can type it otherwise.
Presenter simply that stuff.
So see this now when you do the minus you will, you will see your last file name has been updated with
the same deal.
If you want to remove any file in case of any other operating system in the windows and all the stuff
you just click on.
Right, click right.
Click those file and move it to Ben.
Or maybe you don't.
You can you know, you can delete it right away.
But if it does, you can type Aughrim as a command and the file again, remember, remember, remember,
remember this November.
I'm sorry.
So pseudo test.
Pseudo item.
As for remove and text, let's say one dot to see this file will be removed.
Now when you type a list minus L, you won't find this file.
OK, and this completes this section.
OK.
I.
Uh, I think we still see the same file or not maybe.
Oh, sorry, we have to click on text one, sorry, so that's pseudo autem, let's say I'm deleting
text, text one the Steve and it should be deleted.
So if I do a unless minus, then you see this.
It has been deleted.
Now this is all about creating files or creating directories, creating files, removing files, editing
files.
Let's now come to a topic where we copy files.
So we want to copy a file from one directory to another one.
OK, so to do that, let's say I want to move a file from maybe maybe this word test to somewhere,
maybe home.
OK, so for that I can do a copy.
I just want to copy the file test.
Got to do the destination directories.
So let's say Slughorn and let's say here in the home itself and in the home I'm all logged in as Roger.
So Roger slash the file name.
So I just, I just want to make sure that the file.
Let me see.
Oh so this is against the steam.
It should be D d.
DST and I want to keep the finely hazardous, you can also change it or maybe let's say you can keep
it as a test for Roger and OK, so this is done.
Now, the file has been copied.
How can you verify?
You can verify once you go on this data.
So you can what you can do is you can change your directory from slash to slash form to Roger, go there
and again, do a list minus and you should see test for Roger.
Isn't it really cool, right?
I hope you really enjoyed it was basic.
It was so basic, but it is a must for learning what all activity we are going to do to our discourse.
I hope you enjoyed the session so far.
We'll get to the next one.
Thank you.