1 00:00:00,060 --> 00:00:00,960 Welcome back, everyone. 2 00:00:00,990 --> 00:00:05,340 This is Rajneesh again and this lecture you going. 3 00:00:05,370 --> 00:00:07,880 We are going to understand about Lennix basics. 4 00:00:08,730 --> 00:00:17,790 You might be aware about some of them, but this is for those who are fresh and fresh for everything, 5 00:00:17,790 --> 00:00:19,060 fresh for Linux as well. 6 00:00:19,620 --> 00:00:23,700 So we'll be talking it from very abstract point of view. 7 00:00:23,850 --> 00:00:24,200 All right. 8 00:00:24,540 --> 00:00:25,370 So enough talking. 9 00:00:25,380 --> 00:00:26,130 Let's get started. 10 00:00:26,940 --> 00:00:33,660 So when I talk about the understanding, the Linux architecture, why, in fact, you may ask why we 11 00:00:33,660 --> 00:00:39,840 are understanding basically Linux, because if you understand Linux architecture, you will find no 12 00:00:39,840 --> 00:00:43,230 difficulty understanding the Linux architecture as well. 13 00:00:43,380 --> 00:00:43,700 All right. 14 00:00:44,340 --> 00:00:51,090 So and the Linux basics will be initially covering code companies for certain directories. 15 00:00:52,150 --> 00:00:56,260 Understand directories as a folders in your windows. 16 00:00:56,280 --> 00:00:56,630 Right. 17 00:00:57,030 --> 00:01:03,990 So just like you have multiple folders and windows, those folders are called directories. 18 00:01:03,990 --> 00:01:10,290 And in Linux, you know, nomenclature files are basically files. 19 00:01:10,350 --> 00:01:15,170 It could be anything, it could be text file, file, a spreadsheet, anything. 20 00:01:15,540 --> 00:01:22,910 System is all about your C.P.U process, RAM storage, all the stuff. 21 00:01:23,070 --> 00:01:28,470 OK, and user, of course, will be understanding each of these components one by one. 22 00:01:29,200 --> 00:01:33,210 Let's first listen let's first understand from the directories point of view. 23 00:01:33,630 --> 00:01:37,560 So this is what the directory structure really looks like. 24 00:01:37,830 --> 00:01:45,210 The SLAs represent your proxy and from there you can reach out to multiple other folders or in a way, 25 00:01:45,750 --> 00:01:48,210 from the Linux point of view, it is directories. 26 00:01:48,690 --> 00:01:57,630 So there could be a VAD directly is or your temporary files and those files which are regularly being 27 00:01:57,630 --> 00:02:00,980 used very, very often been used. 28 00:02:01,260 --> 00:02:08,280 So you talk about log file tampering, file your web application that files and all those stuffs are 29 00:02:08,280 --> 00:02:10,610 basically stored in the future directly. 30 00:02:10,620 --> 00:02:12,570 So let's say you want to reach out to there. 31 00:02:12,870 --> 00:02:16,980 You just have to go to the software directly from the Windows point. 32 00:02:17,000 --> 00:02:23,760 If you had just a folder, as I told you earlier, Isbin user directory, temporary temp, temporary 33 00:02:23,760 --> 00:02:24,780 directories as well. 34 00:02:25,200 --> 00:02:26,510 There are home directory. 35 00:02:26,790 --> 00:02:36,120 So usually when you have any any sort of any sort of user account, maybe for any of the letter, you 36 00:02:36,120 --> 00:02:38,460 are the Caleigh account as a user. 37 00:02:38,850 --> 00:02:41,130 So Calli will have its own home. 38 00:02:41,140 --> 00:02:48,600 But if you have just created Roger, so Roger will have its own home directly under which you will find 39 00:02:48,600 --> 00:02:56,430 your desktop download, you will find pictures, videos and all those directories under there are exer 40 00:02:56,790 --> 00:02:58,130 EDC directory as well. 41 00:02:58,140 --> 00:03:03,120 This is where you will find a certain system, relative directories as well. 42 00:03:03,480 --> 00:03:09,900 So this is how the structure really looks like bone cancer stuff, all those configuration, other configuration 43 00:03:09,900 --> 00:03:12,650 related files in a way. 44 00:03:13,140 --> 00:03:14,060 Let's get started. 45 00:03:14,070 --> 00:03:15,420 Let's understand more of that. 46 00:03:15,660 --> 00:03:18,240 This is how the galley structure really looks like. 47 00:03:18,240 --> 00:03:21,780 I mean, this is something which we have been familiar all year. 48 00:03:21,780 --> 00:03:30,050 But if you remember, we have created a user called Roger and we have the permission of Sudo as well. 49 00:03:30,310 --> 00:03:39,600 And that means this user will be able to make use of any high privilege commands as well by making use 50 00:03:39,600 --> 00:03:40,980 of Souto as a prefix. 51 00:03:40,980 --> 00:03:41,220 Right. 52 00:03:41,790 --> 00:03:50,790 So if I'm currently currently on the Kailey as a Akali user, but I can log in, log in as Roger user 53 00:03:50,790 --> 00:03:55,100 as well for that, what do you need to do is you just need to type pseudo minus. 54 00:03:55,110 --> 00:03:55,530 Oh yeah. 55 00:03:55,530 --> 00:04:02,720 That's minus L and the user name type minus and the password for the project. 56 00:04:03,920 --> 00:04:12,050 Sorry for the Roger and heteros, you see, I now logged in as Roger in the system. 57 00:04:12,770 --> 00:04:19,400 So now you can you can you can you login, can you put can you make use of all those commands that we 58 00:04:19,400 --> 00:04:25,000 have tried that we have tried with the galley or the route user? 59 00:04:26,300 --> 00:04:27,960 The answer is yes, you can. 60 00:04:28,520 --> 00:04:36,110 You see that this didn't work because for this you again need pseudo as a prefix. 61 00:04:36,410 --> 00:04:38,570 And now this is working. 62 00:04:38,990 --> 00:04:39,680 You've got the idea. 63 00:04:39,680 --> 00:04:39,890 Right. 64 00:04:40,220 --> 00:04:40,910 So this is that. 65 00:04:40,910 --> 00:04:44,020 And I hope there's nothing more to talk about it. 66 00:04:44,330 --> 00:04:46,600 Let's understand the bureaucratic structure. 67 00:04:48,080 --> 00:04:53,890 But before we get the idea, if you want to understand what is the current version of your system, 68 00:04:53,900 --> 00:04:56,870 usually in the Mac, what do you need to do? 69 00:04:56,870 --> 00:05:03,920 Is you if you want to get the idea about your current version of your Mac, you go to the extreme left 70 00:05:04,090 --> 00:05:11,270 side about Mac and you click on those Mac logo and get the idea about what is the current version of 71 00:05:11,270 --> 00:05:13,150 your Mac and Windows as well. 72 00:05:13,160 --> 00:05:14,140 Exactly the same. 73 00:05:14,330 --> 00:05:22,070 You go to your PC speciesist information about your PC as well in the Linux distribution or Kelly as 74 00:05:22,070 --> 00:05:22,400 well. 75 00:05:22,790 --> 00:05:28,010 You can type you name, sir, and you could say. 76 00:05:32,730 --> 00:05:40,080 Name minus are you get the idea of the curly five point nine point zero, right? 77 00:05:40,590 --> 00:05:47,260 And to get the detailed information about it, you type minus here, that gives you information about 78 00:05:47,260 --> 00:05:47,630 Paul. 79 00:05:48,150 --> 00:05:50,950 So you get the idea about the entire structure. 80 00:05:51,240 --> 00:05:53,690 So, Uesugi, it's a David, OK? 81 00:05:54,420 --> 00:05:56,510 There in the Lennix there are two distribution. 82 00:05:56,520 --> 00:05:58,570 One goes to Davian, another for the open. 83 00:05:59,040 --> 00:06:02,190 This is the part of the DB in architecture. 84 00:06:03,210 --> 00:06:06,120 So this is all about understanding the basic structure. 85 00:06:06,840 --> 00:06:13,590 Now, let's say you want to know where exactly you stand, with which structure, which directory you 86 00:06:13,590 --> 00:06:14,610 are currently into. 87 00:06:14,910 --> 00:06:17,530 OK, for that, you can make use of PWI. 88 00:06:18,270 --> 00:06:20,050 So this way you get the idea, OK? 89 00:06:20,070 --> 00:06:23,030 You are currently egholm slashed. 90 00:06:23,100 --> 00:06:27,090 Roger, this is directly where you are at this moment. 91 00:06:27,390 --> 00:06:33,270 And let's say we talked about multiple directories, if you remember, slash the structure. 92 00:06:33,270 --> 00:06:33,480 Right. 93 00:06:33,900 --> 00:06:38,110 Currently we are in to slash home slash Roger. 94 00:06:38,160 --> 00:06:39,270 That's the user right. 95 00:06:39,810 --> 00:06:44,220 Now, let's say I want to jump from this slash home to maybe slash. 96 00:06:44,220 --> 00:06:46,320 Where would I need to do that? 97 00:06:46,320 --> 00:06:56,140 Zuckermann call cheese directly KDDI so I can do, you know, KDDI slash vair and I can move in to there. 98 00:06:56,170 --> 00:07:04,140 So now if I make use of BWV President working directory, I mean I get to know about the slash where 99 00:07:04,140 --> 00:07:06,340 I'm currently in Baraki at this moment. 100 00:07:06,660 --> 00:07:08,960 Now we are currently in this folder. 101 00:07:09,060 --> 00:07:12,090 So from the Windows point of view, it's folder. 102 00:07:12,510 --> 00:07:19,350 As I told you, I'm repeating it again and again because to give you a clarity on it so that you get 103 00:07:19,350 --> 00:07:20,740 familiarity about it. 104 00:07:21,030 --> 00:07:22,590 So currently you are into the van. 105 00:07:22,770 --> 00:07:30,210 Now, if you want to know what other files into it, you can just make use of my endless list and you 106 00:07:30,210 --> 00:07:33,270 get to see all the files, folder and everything. 107 00:07:33,730 --> 00:07:38,080 And if you do a list minus all, you get the list with the detailed information. 108 00:07:38,430 --> 00:07:41,880 Now, if you see these are the you know, these are the directories. 109 00:07:41,880 --> 00:07:47,940 And with this, you also get to know what are the privileges assigned, what are the privileges for 110 00:07:47,940 --> 00:07:48,770 each one of them. 111 00:07:49,770 --> 00:07:55,080 You get to know if you have read orders and read X and execute W as in. 112 00:07:55,080 --> 00:07:55,430 Right. 113 00:07:55,680 --> 00:08:02,790 So either somebody can read it, write it or executed this all you get to know about it. 114 00:08:03,000 --> 00:08:06,850 And who is the author of The Order and when it was last updated. 115 00:08:07,560 --> 00:08:14,250 So minus I'll give you the detailed information about each and every file, whereas by Alice you just 116 00:08:14,250 --> 00:08:17,480 get to know about all the files, folder and everything. 117 00:08:17,490 --> 00:08:23,160 In fact, now let's say you are into flashback and you want to create another folder, just like in 118 00:08:23,160 --> 00:08:23,640 Windows. 119 00:08:23,910 --> 00:08:24,480 What do you do? 120 00:08:24,510 --> 00:08:24,750 Right. 121 00:08:24,750 --> 00:08:26,600 Click create new folder. 122 00:08:26,610 --> 00:08:27,300 And that's done. 123 00:08:27,300 --> 00:08:27,530 Right. 124 00:08:27,750 --> 00:08:31,610 But in Linux you it's not that easy. 125 00:08:31,620 --> 00:08:32,580 It all works on the. 126 00:08:33,120 --> 00:08:34,790 It all works on the command line. 127 00:08:34,800 --> 00:08:36,600 You have to make use of the command. 128 00:08:36,650 --> 00:08:39,290 OK, it's not that. 129 00:08:39,350 --> 00:08:45,330 In fact it's good to make use of command all the time because that's where you get more familiar from 130 00:08:45,330 --> 00:08:49,190 the point of an ethical hacker coder programming as well. 131 00:08:49,560 --> 00:08:55,470 So let's say you are in to slash by directing and now you want to make another for another directory. 132 00:08:55,540 --> 00:09:02,810 What you can do is you can make a command and the that's the MC directory and just name it, let's say 133 00:09:03,660 --> 00:09:05,940 test and. 134 00:09:06,180 --> 00:09:07,060 Oh, I'm sorry. 135 00:09:07,110 --> 00:09:17,790 So because I logged in as Roger, so I need to make use of pseudo pseudo EMCDDA test and this should 136 00:09:17,790 --> 00:09:18,110 work. 137 00:09:18,120 --> 00:09:18,360 Right. 138 00:09:18,960 --> 00:09:28,230 So now if I do a list I should see my test directory somewhere and endre and that it is here and if 139 00:09:28,230 --> 00:09:31,830 you do the minus l you also get to know when it was last created. 140 00:09:32,400 --> 00:09:36,060 So you see test is created exactly. 141 00:09:36,060 --> 00:09:36,450 Here. 142 00:09:36,960 --> 00:09:37,280 Right. 143 00:09:37,710 --> 00:09:38,890 So this is how it works. 144 00:09:38,910 --> 00:09:43,840 Now let's say if I have created this, I have to go into it. 145 00:09:44,220 --> 00:09:50,820 So now let's go to their last test and I'm going to do this directly. 146 00:09:51,240 --> 00:09:53,220 You can again verify PWP. 147 00:09:53,220 --> 00:09:56,550 It's it's a good practice when you make use of it. 148 00:09:56,820 --> 00:10:00,380 Earlier in the earlier version of Kelly, this wasn't present. 149 00:10:00,420 --> 00:10:10,050 So if you are in any other distribution, it's good to make use of BWV because with Kelly, you already 150 00:10:10,050 --> 00:10:13,590 have an idea about which director you have. 151 00:10:13,590 --> 00:10:17,760 You don't really have to make use of BWV again and again. 152 00:10:17,760 --> 00:10:17,930 Right. 153 00:10:17,970 --> 00:10:22,110 But to practice, which can be used in any other distribution. 154 00:10:22,480 --> 00:10:25,290 OK, so we are what we are done with the directorate. 155 00:10:25,300 --> 00:10:31,290 Now let's make a file into it so that you can create an index file. 156 00:10:31,740 --> 00:10:38,640 Maybe by using National Command and you can edit it as well, or you can make use of that so you can 157 00:10:38,640 --> 00:10:47,100 type that and give a file name as best dot DST once you hit, enter the file. 158 00:10:47,170 --> 00:10:47,980 Oh, sorry. 159 00:10:48,720 --> 00:10:51,480 So that's that's what I was talking about. 160 00:10:51,780 --> 00:10:58,950 If you are a normal user, every time, every time you have to create something, write something, 161 00:10:59,080 --> 00:11:02,150 you have to have privileges. 162 00:11:02,160 --> 00:11:05,910 And for that you have to make use of what's in the solution. 163 00:11:06,480 --> 00:11:09,030 You can directly log the log in. 164 00:11:09,030 --> 00:11:11,580 As a root user, I told you how to do it. 165 00:11:11,580 --> 00:11:14,000 Pseudo minus I and you can be a user. 166 00:11:14,400 --> 00:11:15,300 But why? 167 00:11:15,300 --> 00:11:20,880 I'm not doing it at this moment because most of the time you won't be, you know, being as a user or 168 00:11:20,880 --> 00:11:21,890 some something else. 169 00:11:22,170 --> 00:11:24,420 You won't be having the root access all the time. 170 00:11:24,450 --> 00:11:27,840 So in that case, how a practice of making use of pseudo. 171 00:11:28,260 --> 00:11:28,620 Right. 172 00:11:28,920 --> 00:11:30,030 Pseudo touch. 173 00:11:31,320 --> 00:11:36,690 Oh, I'm sorry not to touch test. 174 00:11:38,860 --> 00:11:48,110 That's the extent and we go now if you do a minus and that's directly, you should find your file. 175 00:11:48,550 --> 00:11:49,270 You see this? 176 00:11:50,500 --> 00:11:53,260 That's now you see your file as well. 177 00:11:53,650 --> 00:11:58,990 Now, let's say you want to remove it for some reason, maybe let's say I create one more file that 178 00:11:59,920 --> 00:12:08,270 oh, I'm sorry, you can simply do an apple and type test one and you can create another one as well. 179 00:12:08,290 --> 00:12:09,370 That's two. 180 00:12:10,510 --> 00:12:11,460 That's three. 181 00:12:13,360 --> 00:12:16,000 You know, you can go any number of times. 182 00:12:16,000 --> 00:12:18,700 I mean, you can also you have created the file. 183 00:12:18,700 --> 00:12:23,650 You can verify that as but these are test test one destitutes three as well. 184 00:12:24,010 --> 00:12:30,880 Now, if you want to edit those files, you can either make use of V.I. the auditor and then filing. 185 00:12:31,030 --> 00:12:35,080 So in that case, you can edit those files or the simple one is the Nano. 186 00:12:35,620 --> 00:12:43,570 You can simply do not know these are extradicted, just like you have into the application, like Windows 187 00:12:43,570 --> 00:12:44,970 and you know, Mac well. 188 00:12:45,290 --> 00:12:50,710 And in the Linux you have now already built software. 189 00:12:51,010 --> 00:12:54,970 So let's say I do NENO and I do test one. 190 00:12:56,110 --> 00:12:59,730 Steve, I could just hit enter and you see the back. 191 00:13:00,210 --> 00:13:03,340 Whatever you type over here, it should be easy. 192 00:13:03,500 --> 00:13:05,260 But remember this, it won't. 193 00:13:05,800 --> 00:13:14,070 It's again the same problem because you have logged in, you have made, made use of you didn't make 194 00:13:14,080 --> 00:13:15,520 use of Sudoku man. 195 00:13:15,760 --> 00:13:22,630 It won't really allow you to save it because even if you do that, it won't really be allowing it because 196 00:13:23,950 --> 00:13:25,190 because of the same reason. 197 00:13:25,210 --> 00:13:36,550 So if you do the pseudo nano pseudo nano test one now, it should look you see that those are red alert 198 00:13:36,550 --> 00:13:37,230 are not there. 199 00:13:37,600 --> 00:13:47,290 So now you can type anything to see you just click control X and it will ask if you have modified it. 200 00:13:47,700 --> 00:13:54,970 Press enter and it will say if you want to modify the filename or something you can just hit enter. 201 00:13:54,970 --> 00:13:58,090 If you want to manipulate the filename you can type it otherwise. 202 00:13:58,090 --> 00:14:00,050 Presenter simply that stuff. 203 00:14:00,550 --> 00:14:08,290 So see this now when you do the minus you will, you will see your last file name has been updated with 204 00:14:08,290 --> 00:14:08,850 the same deal. 205 00:14:09,190 --> 00:14:14,890 If you want to remove any file in case of any other operating system in the windows and all the stuff 206 00:14:14,890 --> 00:14:15,910 you just click on. 207 00:14:15,910 --> 00:14:17,800 Right, click right. 208 00:14:17,800 --> 00:14:20,110 Click those file and move it to Ben. 209 00:14:20,110 --> 00:14:21,850 Or maybe you don't. 210 00:14:22,420 --> 00:14:25,090 You can you know, you can delete it right away. 211 00:14:25,090 --> 00:14:33,040 But if it does, you can type Aughrim as a command and the file again, remember, remember, remember, 212 00:14:33,040 --> 00:14:35,080 remember this November. 213 00:14:35,260 --> 00:14:35,790 I'm sorry. 214 00:14:36,400 --> 00:14:39,280 So pseudo test. 215 00:14:40,180 --> 00:14:41,080 Pseudo item. 216 00:14:41,080 --> 00:14:48,460 As for remove and text, let's say one dot to see this file will be removed. 217 00:14:49,240 --> 00:14:54,100 Now when you type a list minus L, you won't find this file. 218 00:14:54,370 --> 00:14:58,840 OK, and this completes this section. 219 00:14:58,840 --> 00:14:59,190 OK. 220 00:15:01,780 --> 00:15:02,380 I. 221 00:15:04,510 --> 00:15:10,240 Uh, I think we still see the same file or not maybe. 222 00:15:12,530 --> 00:15:20,960 Oh, sorry, we have to click on text one, sorry, so that's pseudo autem, let's say I'm deleting 223 00:15:20,960 --> 00:15:26,780 text, text one the Steve and it should be deleted. 224 00:15:27,060 --> 00:15:32,270 So if I do a unless minus, then you see this. 225 00:15:32,430 --> 00:15:33,440 It has been deleted. 226 00:15:33,890 --> 00:15:43,670 Now this is all about creating files or creating directories, creating files, removing files, editing 227 00:15:43,670 --> 00:15:44,120 files. 228 00:15:44,450 --> 00:15:48,290 Let's now come to a topic where we copy files. 229 00:15:49,200 --> 00:15:53,480 So we want to copy a file from one directory to another one. 230 00:15:53,610 --> 00:16:04,790 OK, so to do that, let's say I want to move a file from maybe maybe this word test to somewhere, 231 00:16:04,790 --> 00:16:05,870 maybe home. 232 00:16:06,110 --> 00:16:11,530 OK, so for that I can do a copy. 233 00:16:11,840 --> 00:16:15,100 I just want to copy the file test. 234 00:16:15,680 --> 00:16:19,070 Got to do the destination directories. 235 00:16:19,070 --> 00:16:27,910 So let's say Slughorn and let's say here in the home itself and in the home I'm all logged in as Roger. 236 00:16:27,920 --> 00:16:30,980 So Roger slash the file name. 237 00:16:31,250 --> 00:16:34,070 So I just, I just want to make sure that the file. 238 00:16:34,070 --> 00:16:34,670 Let me see. 239 00:16:34,700 --> 00:16:37,600 Oh so this is against the steam. 240 00:16:38,060 --> 00:16:39,710 It should be D d. 241 00:16:40,860 --> 00:16:47,940 DST and I want to keep the finely hazardous, you can also change it or maybe let's say you can keep 242 00:16:47,940 --> 00:16:55,590 it as a test for Roger and OK, so this is done. 243 00:16:55,840 --> 00:16:57,450 Now, the file has been copied. 244 00:16:57,900 --> 00:16:59,190 How can you verify? 245 00:16:59,430 --> 00:17:02,210 You can verify once you go on this data. 246 00:17:02,400 --> 00:17:12,420 So you can what you can do is you can change your directory from slash to slash form to Roger, go there 247 00:17:12,690 --> 00:17:17,370 and again, do a list minus and you should see test for Roger. 248 00:17:20,860 --> 00:17:23,210 Isn't it really cool, right? 249 00:17:23,800 --> 00:17:27,460 I hope you really enjoyed it was basic. 250 00:17:27,580 --> 00:17:35,590 It was so basic, but it is a must for learning what all activity we are going to do to our discourse. 251 00:17:35,950 --> 00:17:38,620 I hope you enjoyed the session so far. 252 00:17:38,930 --> 00:17:40,090 We'll get to the next one. 253 00:17:40,210 --> 00:17:40,690 Thank you.