WEBVTT 0 00:02.020 --> 00:08.530 In the last lecture, we've seen what are the tracking mechanisms used to track and collect information 1 00:08.590 --> 00:10.720 about users online activities. 2 00:11.740 --> 00:18.400 In this lecture I'll present to you several ways of remaining anonymous on the Internet. 3 00:19.360 --> 00:26.530 We'll take it from the easiest technique, which offers the lowest level of anonymity to 4 00:26.530 --> 00:32.020 the hardest one, that offers the highest possible level of anonymity. 5 00:33.010 --> 00:36.130 Let's talk about incognito or private mode. 6 00:36.580 --> 00:44.470 If you don't want your Web browser to remember your activity, you can browse the Web privately, in incognito 7 00:44.680 --> 00:51.790 or private mode. Incognito mode runs in a separate window from your normal one and to start it 8 00:52.270 --> 00:57.750 go to your browser menu and then click on" New Incognito window". 9 01:00.770 --> 01:08.500 Note that’s called incognito in Chrome and private window in Firefox, Brave or Safari. 10 01:10.820 --> 01:15.140 In this mode, your browser won't save your browsing history, 11 01:15.380 --> 01:23.810 cookies and site data or any information entered in forms, files you download and bookmarks you create 12 01:24.080 --> 01:24.830 will be kept. 13 01:25.260 --> 01:32.390 Note that your activity isn't hidden from Web sites you visit, your admin or your Internet service provider. 14 01:32.750 --> 01:37.910 When you want to exit the incognito mode, just close all private windows. 15 01:39.180 --> 01:48.090 My advice is not to rely too much on the incognito mode. Even though it's helpful, sometimes it proved 16 01:48.180 --> 01:52.120 that advertisement companies could track users easily, 17 01:52.200 --> 01:53.570 even in private mode. 18 01:58.440 --> 02:05.220 You can also install an ad blocker as a browser extension for content filtering and ad blocking. 19 02:05.640 --> 02:09.150 There are ad blockers for each major Web browser. 20 02:10.590 --> 02:17.760 An ad blocker or ad filter is a software capable of removing or altering online advertising in 21 02:17.760 --> 02:23.160 a Web browser or an application. From the standpoint of an Internet user 22 02:23.400 --> 02:29.500 an adblocker will protect our privacy by reducing the number of cookies, protect from malvertising 23 02:29.580 --> 02:36.540 which are intrusive actions from the Adds, save bandwidth and offer a general better user experience. 24 02:38.950 --> 02:46.320 Another solution to remain anonymous is to use the VPN service. VPN is an acronym for "virtual 25 02:46.320 --> 02:53.510 private network" and allows you to connect to the destination, not directly as in the normal network communication, 26 02:54.120 --> 02:55.730 but through a VPN server. 27 02:57.290 --> 03:05.210 The VPN server will connect on your behalf to the desired destination server using its IP address, 28 03:05.510 --> 03:08.150 meaning that your IP address will remain hidden. 29 03:09.200 --> 03:13.750 Remember that your IP address is their identity on the Internet, 30 03:14.090 --> 03:15.680 just like your home address. 31 03:16.670 --> 03:18.380 To give you an example let's 32 03:18.560 --> 03:26.090 suppose you are located in China and want to visit anonymously a Web site like Twitter.com 33 03:26.090 --> 03:30.170 that's blocked. Without a special solution like a VPN 34 03:30.410 --> 03:37.580 you cannot connect to that server because your service provider blocks it. Even if it were possible, 35 03:37.820 --> 03:39.380 your activity would be tracked. 36 03:40.040 --> 03:47.030 What you can do is to set up a VPN service and to use a VPN server located, for example, in London. 37 03:47.750 --> 03:54.410 You'll connect to the VPN server in a secure manner, which in turn will connect on your behalf to the 38 03:54.410 --> 03:55.910 website that was blocked. 39 03:57.230 --> 04:04.230 In this example, the website does not see your real IP address, but only the IP address of the VPN 40 04:04.230 --> 04:11.590 server, and your service provider or another government entity will not know that you are visiting. 41 04:11.630 --> 04:12.510 twitter.com. 42 04:12.930 --> 04:17.760 They'll see that you are just communicating with the VPN server in London. 43 04:18.270 --> 04:22.800 So a VPN protects your data from being seen or tampered with. 44 04:24.660 --> 04:27.710 There are lots of VPN service available, 45 04:28.160 --> 04:30.560 just be sure to choose a good one. 46 04:34.930 --> 04:38.250 Read the reviews and the other users’ opinion. 47 04:45.040 --> 04:47.090 Note that the VPN gateway 48 04:47.150 --> 04:49.160 can decrypt and read the traffic 49 04:49.370 --> 04:53.780 so it’s important to be trustful and not to save any logs. 50 04:55.180 --> 05:01.510 To set up a VPN service, you normally download and install a VPN clients software for your operating 51 05:01.510 --> 05:09.070 system. Some of VPN services also offer the possibility to install only an extension for your browser. 52 05:10.450 --> 05:17.750 Another way to remain anonymous is to use TOR, which is an implementation of onion routing, a technique 53 05:17.780 --> 05:24.200 developed by the U.S. Navy in the mid 90s to secure military communications. 54 05:25.010 --> 05:32.720 We'll dedicate our next to lectures to Tor because this is really important in the context of privacy and 55 05:32.840 --> 05:33.620 anonymity. 56 05:35.710 --> 05:42.130 For the moment, it's enough to know that installing and using the Tor browser, your online activity 57 05:42.190 --> 05:44.570 will remain completely anonymous. 58 05:46.340 --> 05:53.570 No one will ever know that you are visiting a website or what's the identity of that specific website. 59 05:54.200 --> 06:01.130 If you want to take anonymity to the next level and to leave no trace, then use a Linux distro called 60 06:01.220 --> 06:01.760 tails. 61 06:03.020 --> 06:07.100 It aims at preserving your privacy and anonymity. 62 06:08.030 --> 06:13.370 It will help you use the Internet anonymously and circumvent censorship. 63 06:13.670 --> 06:18.030 All connections to the Internet are forced to go through the Tor network. 64 06:18.830 --> 06:24.680 It will leave no trace on the computer you are using unless you ask it explicitly. 65 06:25.610 --> 06:33.500 Tales uses state of the art cryptographic tools to encrypt our files, emails and instant messaging. 66 06:34.250 --> 06:35.370 Let's see how to use it! 67 06:37.720 --> 06:41.980 First, go and download tails from its official website. 68 06:44.290 --> 06:50.940 You can download a USB image if you want to boot it from a USB stick or run it in a VM. 69 06:52.630 --> 06:56.410 In this example I’ll download the VM ISO file. 70 06:58.820 --> 07:00.900 I've already done that to save time. 71 07:02.880 --> 07:09.000 After downloading tails open Virtual Box or VM and create a new VM. 72 07:11.490 --> 07:20.940 Give it a name, for example, Tails, its type is Linux and version other Linux, 64 bit. 73 07:22.190 --> 07:23.060 And next. 74 07:25.340 --> 07:29.510 I'll select the amount of ram to be allocated to the VM. 75 07:31.760 --> 07:37.400 Let's say 2048 megabytes and next. 76 07:40.220 --> 07:47.300 I do not want to create any virtual hard disk drive, it will run as a live distro and create. 77 07:50.580 --> 07:55.830 OK, the VM was created, selecte it and go to settings. 78 07:57.890 --> 08:02.360 Then in the storage area, I'll select the ISO file. 79 08:04.160 --> 08:11.600 I'm clicking on empty live CD, and I am selecting the file I've just downloaded, 80 08:15.810 --> 08:16.680 the ISO file. 81 08:18.290 --> 08:18.750 And ok! 82 08:21.280 --> 08:22.900 I'm starting tails. 83 08:33.630 --> 08:38.820 After a few seconds, I see this window and I'm clicking on start tails. 84 08:40.190 --> 08:45.110 If you want, you can adjust the language, the keyboard layout and so on. 85 08:55.180 --> 08:56.620 And this is Tails. 86 08:57.250 --> 08:59.560 You can browse the Internet completely 87 08:59.760 --> 09:00.610 anonymously. 88 09:02.090 --> 09:03.650 Let's start the TOR browser. 89 09:05.840 --> 09:08.620 All connections will go through the TOR network. 90 09:25.570 --> 09:34.150 In this case, I connected to Google.com using three relies one in Germany, a middle one in France 91 09:34.690 --> 09:37.150 and an exit relay in Canada. 92 09:38.860 --> 09:45.100 OK, that's all for the moment. The next lectures will be on Tor and onion routing. 93 09:45.910 --> 09:46.390 Thank you.