Uh, some drugs can split into partitions in order to manage and uh and separate information.
So, for instance, you may want to separate your hard drives so that your swept file home directory
and root directory are all on separate partitions.
So you may want to do this for a number of reasons uh, including to share resources and to reflect
the different permissions.
So the new labels each partition with a minor number that comes after the Z designation.
So this way, uh, then first partition on the certain, uh, wold be SD, a one I won't forget here
is here.
So let's find a CTA here.
This is, uh, my hard drive.
If you had a second device, attach it to your computer, you will still be SDC esteem or SDF like that.
How many files that many SD and Alphabet you will have?
So.
Uh, this way, uh, mine, the miner, as you can see here, that this way, uh uh, the first position
on the setup will, uh, drive Baldwin SD a one.
So the second position will do it and stick a tool towards the tree and so on.
Yeah.
And here so at times, you may want to view the politicians on your Linux system to see which one,
which ones you have and how much capacity is available in each.
You can do this by using if disk utility utility.
And um, if this utility, you can do this by if this utility and using L Switch with fdisk lifts all
the partitions here because we need to, uh, give of permissions to this pseudo and Typekit of kind
of passport here.
As you can see here, we have, uh, we printed all of our disks here.
So as you can see here, the device's SD, A1, SD, A2 and A5 are listed in the first stanza.
So these three devices make up the virtual disks from my virtual machine, which is, um.
Eighteen eighty gigabyte drive with three partitions here, including the server partitions, um, including
the smart partitions and which acts like a virtual lame ram, similar to page files and windows.
So sweat partitions and it's like a virtual ram.
It's similar to windows like windows using patch partition for virtual ram.
Right?
So this partition is using when a RAM capacity is accepted.
So if you scan down here now to the third Cesar, if you have it external drive, you will see a second
device output designed by SD, B or STC here.
So, uh, this can be your flash are flash drive or, um, anything here.
So actually, we can, uh, see our drives here with Partition Gparted application here and you can
run Gparted.
You parked it like that and enter your password here.
In my case is Kala.
By default, as you can see, we can see our device's actual partition as well.
It this is the one device here attached to it.
And as you can see here, we have a two gigabyte.
Actual seventy nine gigabyte.
Main system, a root system, the second is extended and the second the third is Linux smart and one
megabyte is unallocated near, as you can see the SDR.
I have one hard disk and another X and I have discussed attached to it.
So something else to note about the naming of the files in the directory is that the first positions
contains either C or B.
So you can see here, for example, uh, as L here as you can see or C.
Or be here, we will have, as you can see there, a bee here.
So what this means, so these letter represents the two ways that devices transfer data in and out.
So this C stands for character on this device are known as you might expect as a character devices.
So external devices that interact with the system by sending and receiving data collected by characters
such as.
Mice or keyboards are connected devices, the B stands for the second type look devices, they communicate
in blocks of data, multiple bytes at a time and include devices like hard drives and DVD, DVD drives
and et cetera.
These drives require high speed data transport and therefore send and receive data in blocks, many
connectors or bytes at a time.
So once you know whether a device is character or a bloke's device, you can easily get more information
about it, as you will see next.
So less blook devices and interfere in information with LSV Alki at least be OK.
So Linux and the Linux common lisp health care for least block here, least block here.
So this common list some basic information about each block device now listed in the Div Directory directory.
So the result is similar to the output from the FTC IL here.
So but it will also display the devices with multiple partitions in a kind of tree.
So showing each device, which is partition as bridges here, uh, like that and does not require root
privileges to a room run.
So as you can see, we have SD and Xerox here.
So the output includes the floppy, uh, if you have a little drive here, if T zero and DVD drive s
s s are zero.
So this isn't my DVD drive here.
Uh, so this is simply a holdover for legacy systems for we can also see information on the mount point
of the drive here.
As you can see, there's multiple multipoint swap and this is the root directory, which is seven to
nine hours, 18 and gigabytes here.
Um, and.
Not at them, Hard Drive is a one month old here, um, the road and the flash drive, if you have it,
will amount to media here, so you will see more the significant of this in next pictures, actually
next nine minutes here.
So mounting and mounting.
Most modern operating systems, including most new versions of Linux, Ottoman storage devices when
they are attached, so meaning the new flash drive or hardware is automatically attached to the file
system for those new to Linux, the mounting might be a subject, so a storage device must be first
physically connected to the file system and then logically attached to the file system.
In order for the data to be made available to the operating system.
In other words, if the device is physically or physically attached to the system, it's a that's necessarily
logically attached and available to the operating system.
So the term mount is a legacy from the early days of competing, when storage tapes before hard drives
had had to be physically mounted to the computer system.
Think of these big computers with spinning tape drives.
You might have seen old science fiction movies here, and I mentioned the point in the Directory three
directory where the drives are attached is known as the Mount Point.
So the two main ones in Linux are entire year.
Actually, that's what happened.
Most.
I'm sorry.
Display.
Here.
I'm sorry, one minute, please.
OK.
OK, we fixed it.
So let's see the.
Near.
It's modest.
So when as much as I mentioned the point in the directory three where the device are attached is known
as the mind point.
So the two main mount, no points in Linux are A. and media here media.
As a general rule, internal hard drives are mandated to monitor that MMT and external use drives such
as flash drives and external USB drives are mounted at media through a specially taken and taken strategically.
Command directory can be used.
So here I am using visual books.
I actually am not using VMware here, so I will create a new USB flash drive.
Here is the controller.
Hard disk drive.
This will be OK, great visual.
It will be by 0.5 gigabyte.
Store desk has a single file.
OK.
So in some versions of Linux, you amounted to a dry manual in in order in order to access its content.
So this is a skill worth learning to your man to drive on the pipeline system, use the Mount Command.
So demand point for the device will be an empty directory.
If you want a device on a directory that has UM directory to subdirectories and files, the smart device
will cover the contents of the directory, so making them invisible and unavailable.
So the mount the new hard drive, for example, SDP amount is to be one at the M.A. Directory.
You will enter here and Mount Dev SDB, SD or step one and month M.A. him into directory.
So you have four in mounting the you will enter um, this following into a command M.A. you will have
to use sudo here.
And step one is not existed because it's either.
I have no intel then instead be to my seer or external drive or drive.
You know, the hard drive should be available for access.
So if you want to monitor, um, flash drive STC one, is this one.
Is this given to Media Directory?
Uh, you know, you, uh, do enter this month here.
So.
We can amongst our devices as well, so if you are coming from a Mac or Windows window background,
so you're probably on the drive without knowing so before your removal flash drive from your system,
your as you remember, they mean right click on to erect it to keep causing damage to the files stored
in the device.
So Eject is just another word for unwanted.
So similar to Mount Command, you can on want a second hard drive by entering on Mont or you're actually
not amount you want.
You want?
Uh, here uh was followed by the entry of the device in the directory here, our dev sdb1, for example.
And.
Um.
A similar demand comment you can on want a second hard drive by entering command here?
Well, for example, I entered SDP one year.
And then click Enter and this you can see it, I have no such file or directory because I know that
I entered in this um stibbe one here so we can monitor files here.
Yeah.
You be in this lecture as well.
We will.
We will also look at some comments for monitoring this state of the fire system.
So esco necessary for any hacker or system administrator.
So we will get some information about the amount of disks and then checked for and fix errors here.
So storage devices are virtually error front, so it's not learning the skill.
So getting information on mounted disks, actually, it's me.
Sure.
OK.
So getting information on mounted disk to the command, the f the f.
Um, means this hopefully will provide us with basic information on any hard disks or smart devices
such as CDs or DVDs and flash drives, including how much space is being used and how much is available
with alternate options.
DD if Dev holds the first drive on your system, in this case, it is, uh, it's a and.
If you want to check a different drive simply full of DMF, comment here.
Uh, buy your driving him.
So we can check errors as well here.
Know if it's if it's, uh, see command shortfall fi system check checks to file system for errors and
the repairs the damage.
If possible or else, plus the bed area in to a bad bloke's table to market as a bed so near to turn
to run, if it's seeking common, you need to specify the filesystem type here.
Actual, uh.
And I will not continue here, so you can.
So in order to run it first, you hold one moment there is to be one or your, um, your file system,
I it storage devices.
So.
Um, and then you can run if it's seeking comment here, which I will not run.
So understanding how Linux designers and manage its devices is circular for any Linux user and hacker
hackers will need to know what devices are attached to a system and how much space is available.
Because storage devices are often develop errors here so we can check and report these errors with f
s c key and D, the command is capable of making the physical copy of a device, including any deleted
files, of course.