1 00:00:01,360 --> 00:00:08,110 Most Linux distributions include an online manual for looking up information on shell commands, as 2 00:00:08,110 --> 00:00:12,370 well as a lot of new utilities included in the distribution. 3 00:00:12,640 --> 00:00:18,520 You should become familiar with the manual because it's invaluable for working with commands, especially 4 00:00:18,520 --> 00:00:21,630 when you are trying to figure out various command line parameters. 5 00:00:21,640 --> 00:00:26,770 In this lecture of our course, we will learn about how to interact with the Bash manual. 6 00:00:26,800 --> 00:00:29,260 My name is Stephan and let's get started. 7 00:00:41,460 --> 00:00:48,900 The man command provides access to the manual page stored on the Linux system Entering the man command, 8 00:00:48,900 --> 00:00:52,620 followed by a specific command name, provides the utilities manual entry. 9 00:00:52,830 --> 00:00:58,920 For example, in this case, we're going to write the man here, which is we're going to see almost 10 00:00:58,920 --> 00:01:00,690 all the commands. 11 00:01:00,690 --> 00:01:08,040 And as manual, which is the most important, one of the most important commands in Linux ecosystem 12 00:01:08,040 --> 00:01:08,400 here. 13 00:01:08,400 --> 00:01:10,680 So notice this command here. 14 00:01:11,220 --> 00:01:19,860 We have also the description paragraphs, the synopsis and the name here. 15 00:01:20,220 --> 00:01:24,870 As Linux said, this is the list directory contents. 16 00:01:24,900 --> 00:01:31,080 We have description here, which is the list information about the files and or the current directory 17 00:01:31,080 --> 00:01:31,770 by default. 18 00:01:31,770 --> 00:01:35,370 And we also can sort entries alphabetically. 19 00:01:35,370 --> 00:01:42,160 If none of the c, f or two is x or sort is specified. 20 00:01:42,160 --> 00:01:48,850 So mandatory arguments is a long options are mandatory for short options too as written here. 21 00:01:49,470 --> 00:01:56,370 So when you use the Mac command to view the comments manual page, they are displayed with something 22 00:01:56,370 --> 00:01:58,200 called pager. 23 00:01:59,240 --> 00:02:06,800 So a pager is utility that allows you to pick a page to display text as you can page here. 24 00:02:06,950 --> 00:02:07,400 For example. 25 00:02:07,400 --> 00:02:08,330 Page here. 26 00:02:09,250 --> 00:02:16,810 With the various texts here and scroll down so you can also use the arrow keys to scroll forward and 27 00:02:16,810 --> 00:02:19,330 backward through the man page text. 28 00:02:19,360 --> 00:02:25,060 Assuming that your terminal emulation package supports arrow key functions, so when you are finished 29 00:02:25,060 --> 00:02:38,680 with the man page press Q Press Q to exit as here press Hutch for help or Q for quit here. 30 00:02:38,830 --> 00:02:48,970 So we're going to press the Q here and here, and the man is gone and we are finished with man pages. 31 00:02:48,970 --> 00:02:55,480 And as you can see here, the man page is gone whenever we've written the Q here. 32 00:02:56,500 --> 00:02:56,800 Oops. 33 00:02:56,800 --> 00:02:59,140 What what happened here? 34 00:02:59,230 --> 00:03:06,280 So the manual page here divides information about the comma into separate sections, and each section 35 00:03:06,280 --> 00:03:09,110 has a conventional naming standards. 36 00:03:09,440 --> 00:03:13,050 Here we're going to make another man here, man Cat here. 37 00:03:13,070 --> 00:03:15,980 So here we have the name. 38 00:03:16,860 --> 00:03:18,390 This name here. 39 00:03:18,990 --> 00:03:20,400 This name here. 40 00:03:20,880 --> 00:03:22,040 This place. 41 00:03:22,050 --> 00:03:25,230 Common name and a short description. 42 00:03:25,230 --> 00:03:30,930 In this case, Cat is consented files and print on the standard output. 43 00:03:31,110 --> 00:03:34,140 And we also have synopsis here. 44 00:03:34,210 --> 00:03:36,540 Actually, let's delete this synopsis here. 45 00:03:36,570 --> 00:03:39,840 The synopsis shows command syntax. 46 00:03:39,840 --> 00:03:44,370 So firstly, we enter the cat, then option and then lastly file. 47 00:03:44,580 --> 00:03:47,640 And we also have the configuration. 48 00:03:47,640 --> 00:03:51,900 The configuration provides information configuration information here. 49 00:03:51,900 --> 00:03:56,280 So we also have the description here, the description. 50 00:03:57,400 --> 00:04:00,690 The description describes commands generally. 51 00:04:00,700 --> 00:04:07,420 So as you can see here, the concentrate files to standard output with no file or when file is read 52 00:04:07,420 --> 00:04:08,560 standard output. 53 00:04:09,910 --> 00:04:13,840 And we also at the bottom here, we should go to bottom. 54 00:04:15,050 --> 00:04:17,030 And we have the. 55 00:04:19,100 --> 00:04:28,780 It's copyright examples author reporting bugs um the copyright and see also page here in cat command 56 00:04:28,790 --> 00:04:34,580 so the copyright defines the command obviously copyright defines the command code copyright status. 57 00:04:34,610 --> 00:04:42,920 In this case, the copyright is Free Software Foundation, uh, GPL, V3 plus version three plus. 58 00:04:42,920 --> 00:04:45,410 And there is no variant to the extent permitted by law. 59 00:04:45,440 --> 00:04:47,300 This is a free software. 60 00:04:47,900 --> 00:04:51,170 And we also have the author here. 61 00:04:51,200 --> 00:04:58,310 The author, uh, obviously provides information on comments developers written by the Torbjorn Grandel 62 00:04:58,310 --> 00:05:00,560 and Richard Stallman. 63 00:05:00,950 --> 00:05:03,500 And we also have the see also. 64 00:05:03,500 --> 00:05:05,000 So this is the tech. 65 00:05:05,240 --> 00:05:12,380 So this see also refers similar available comments in this case, the similar available command is tech 66 00:05:12,380 --> 00:05:12,920 here. 67 00:05:12,920 --> 00:05:16,880 So not every comment man page has all the section described here. 68 00:05:16,910 --> 00:05:25,760 Also some comments um have sections names that are not uh, we discussed in next lecture, but in next 69 00:05:25,760 --> 00:05:31,550 lecture we will also learn about several common steps in this man, uh, command here. 70 00:05:32,440 --> 00:05:38,320 And here what you can remember the common name so you can search here. 71 00:05:38,320 --> 00:05:40,270 Let's actually quit and search. 72 00:05:40,270 --> 00:05:49,030 So let's actually we have a case that you don't you you are not remembering the common name so you can 73 00:05:49,030 --> 00:05:51,580 search the main page using keywords. 74 00:05:51,580 --> 00:05:57,850 So the syntax is here, man, man here, key key here. 75 00:05:57,850 --> 00:06:03,160 And then you going to enter the keyword in this case, for example, 80. 76 00:06:04,200 --> 00:06:08,760 And here, as you can see here, we're going to find the comments that has. 77 00:06:09,620 --> 00:06:10,430 18 it. 78 00:06:10,430 --> 00:06:13,700 And if we go if we scroll down like this. 79 00:06:15,440 --> 00:06:21,560 And here we should be able to find the cat that we're here. 80 00:06:21,560 --> 00:06:23,780 And as you can see here, this is a cat. 81 00:06:23,840 --> 00:06:32,360 This command here, man find command finds us that and that has contains a T in it. 82 00:06:33,620 --> 00:06:38,240 And in this case, we found our cat command here.