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As discussed in previous lectures, a type declares how an object will be interpreted and used by the

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compiler.

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Every object in C plus plus program has a type.

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This lecture begins with a discussion of a fundamental types and then introduce user defined types.

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Along the way, you will learn about the several control flow structures.

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So let's get started by fundamental types here.

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So fundamental types are the most basic types of object and include integer floating point, character,

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boolean, byte size t and void.

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Here.

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So.

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Some refer to fundamental types as primitive or built in types because they are part of the core language

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and almost always available to you.

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So these types will work on any platform, but the features such as size and memory layout depend on

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the implementation.

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So fundamental types strike a balance.

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On one hand, they try to map a direct relationship from cplusplus construct to computer hardware.

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So on the other hand, they simplify writing cross-platform code by allowing a programmer to write code

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once that works on many platforms.

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The section that follows provide additional detail about these fundamental types.

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So let's get started.

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Integer.

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With integer types here.

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So integer types.

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The integer types here.

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Let me open the another picture here.

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So this is the integer data types.

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So integer data types store whole numbers that you can write without a fractional component.

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The four size of integer types are short integer.

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Unsigned short integer.

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Actually, these are the four types here.

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I will not count the unsigned as a type.

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So short integer.

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Integer.

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Long integer.

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And long.

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Long integer.

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Of course, all of them has a unsigned type, which I will explain later.

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What is inside types are so assign variable here.

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Sign variable can be positive.

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Negative here or zero?

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And the unsigned variable must be a non-negative.

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As you can see here, typical range from the short integer here starts with a negative number and continues

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to positive number, but has the less positive and the less negative.

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But if you will use if you want to use only positive numbers, then unsigned integers is for you.

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So integer types are signed unsigned and integer by default.

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As you can see, when you put an integer creating an integer variable, you will create an.

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Signed type integer so you can store both negative and positive numbers.

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Take a look at this picture here.

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So notice that the integer type size vary across platforms.

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For example, 4464 bit Windows and Linux have different size for long integer 4 or 8 respectively.

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So usually a compiler will warn you of a mismatch between format specifier and integer type, but you

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must ensure that the format specifiers are correct when you are using them in printf statements.

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So format specifiers appear here so you can print integers to console in examples.

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Follow here.

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So let's get started by creating some examples here.

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So literal hardcoded value in program here you can use one of four hardcoded integer literal representations.

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Here.

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The first is binary.

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Binary uses the uses the prefix uses the prefix.

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Mix.

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Zero be here.

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The octal.

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Uses the prefix zero.

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The decimal.

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Decimal.

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This is default.

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And the hexadecimal.

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Uses the prefix uses the prefix zero x.

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So these are the four different ways of writing the same set of full numbers.

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For example, I will.

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Write some code here.

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Uh, which I will show you.

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You might assign several integer variables with an integer literal using each of the non-decimal representations

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here.

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So let's get started here.

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Let's get unsigned.

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Unsigned, short A equals zero B.

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Actually, let me.

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Just Ctrl Z there so you can see what we write here.

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So.

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Um, unsigned, unsigned, unsigned, short integer.

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Unsigned.

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Short.

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A equals zero b.

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Ten.

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Ten.

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Ten.

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Ten.

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I will explain all of these codes later.

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Like after we done this, I will explain these codes.

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Printf.

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Uh, okay.

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So you and then new line A.

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And then let's create another variable, which is integer integer zero, one, two, three.

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I will explain this later.

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Print f.

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Um the with present operator and new line and we will give this to be.

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An unsigned.

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A long, long.

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PR zero x as we use the hexadecimal here, use the prefix zero x.

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Here, for example, like.

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One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, 11, 12, 13.

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Here.

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And print this value as well.

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Print f.

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You will learn about format specifiers as well in later lectures.

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LL you and New line.

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It's.

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A value and new line ups new line and gave this number the right yeah the here and then.

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Uh, we are ready to compile this.

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Which I will explain all of these codes here.

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Here.

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Our code is compiled without any errors.

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Here.

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And let's run this code here.

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Oops.

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All we have to save this here.

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And let's compile code again.

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Again, compile with without any errors here.

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So as you can see here, the first number is 107.

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The second number is 83.

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When you convert them to decimal, throw them in decimal range.

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And the last numbers that we wrote with hexadecimal numbers is like something like that.

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This is the decimal point, not like any other weird numbers.

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So.

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The first is binary.

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So this program uses each of the non-decimal integer representations versus the binary.

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Second is octal and the third is hexadecimal and prints each with the print f using the appropriate

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format specifier listed in previous lectures.

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So the output from each print appeared here, as you can see here.

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So.

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Let me pause the video so we can change to next lecture.

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And I'm waiting you in next lecture.

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See you.