1
00:00:00,480 --> 00:00:01,620
In programming.

2
00:00:01,620 --> 00:00:10,590
Whitespace refers to any non-printing characters such as spaces, tabs and end of line symbols.

3
00:00:10,590 --> 00:00:15,300
You can use whitespace to organize your output so it's easier for users to read.

4
00:00:15,600 --> 00:00:19,310
To add a tab to your text, use the character t.

5
00:00:20,760 --> 00:00:22,890
Here now we will print.

6
00:00:25,420 --> 00:00:26,880
He Oxley.

7
00:00:27,040 --> 00:00:29,050
Now, we will see this here.

8
00:00:29,050 --> 00:00:31,360
As you can see, we have a tab here.

9
00:00:32,370 --> 00:00:40,830
So let's actually print the Oxley without tab and see how many characters we are seeing now.

10
00:00:41,370 --> 00:00:41,970
Here.

11
00:00:43,440 --> 00:00:45,900
As you can see here, this is accelerated.

12
00:00:46,530 --> 00:00:50,280
This is auxiliary without the tab and this is auxiliary with the tab here.

13
00:00:51,860 --> 00:00:54,050
To add new lines in a string.

14
00:00:54,050 --> 00:00:55,910
You use the character n.

15
00:00:57,790 --> 00:00:58,180
Here.

16
00:00:58,180 --> 00:00:59,710
This is our new line.

17
00:00:59,710 --> 00:01:05,650
So this here is N right here.

18
00:01:08,130 --> 00:01:16,020
And you can also use combine tabs and newlines in a single string.

19
00:01:16,380 --> 00:01:19,320
So now the string here.

20
00:01:19,320 --> 00:01:21,270
Now let's actually end.

21
00:01:22,100 --> 00:01:25,100
T or actually it's pride, right?

22
00:01:25,100 --> 00:01:26,060
The languages.

23
00:01:26,060 --> 00:01:28,400
So languages.

24
00:01:28,940 --> 00:01:32,690
And here we will are Java Python and C plus plus.

25
00:01:32,690 --> 00:01:34,810
So n t.

26
00:01:36,160 --> 00:01:36,880
Python.

27
00:01:39,010 --> 00:01:39,730
Python.

28
00:01:39,730 --> 00:01:41,900
And here n t.

29
00:01:42,910 --> 00:01:45,690
C plus plus and.

30
00:01:48,040 --> 00:01:51,340
C plus plus and T and Java.

31
00:01:52,160 --> 00:01:53,120
Now.

32
00:01:53,880 --> 00:01:55,980
We will see this following output.

33
00:01:57,320 --> 00:01:57,960
That's it.

34
00:01:57,980 --> 00:02:01,480
As you can see here, we have tabs in here.

35
00:02:01,490 --> 00:02:06,890
We have new lines in here, tabs, new lines.

36
00:02:07,540 --> 00:02:08,440
And tabs.

37
00:02:08,890 --> 00:02:14,950
So here actually, it doesn't work like that because as you can see, the first overwrite the new lines

38
00:02:14,950 --> 00:02:18,790
and then tabs, new line tabs, new line tabs.

39
00:02:18,790 --> 00:02:19,930
So it will work.

40
00:02:19,930 --> 00:02:24,580
Firstly, new line here, then tab second.

41
00:02:25,390 --> 00:02:27,640
New Line third EP.

42
00:02:29,090 --> 00:02:33,710
Or new line shift and tab six here.

43
00:02:33,740 --> 00:02:34,760
So that's it.

44
00:02:35,740 --> 00:02:42,700
And the new license tabs will be very useful in the next few sections when you start to produce many

45
00:02:42,700 --> 00:02:45,760
lines of output from just a few lines of code.

46
00:02:45,790 --> 00:02:50,380
Now we can also strip the whitespaces in Python strings.

47
00:02:50,590 --> 00:02:53,680
So let me actually look at the lecture time if we have time.

48
00:02:53,770 --> 00:02:55,990
Yes, just at three minutes now.

49
00:02:55,990 --> 00:03:01,370
So extra whitespace can be confusing for programs programmers.

50
00:03:02,210 --> 00:03:02,920
Python.

51
00:03:03,730 --> 00:03:10,480
The programmers python and here let's actually let's delete this for sorry.

52
00:03:11,350 --> 00:03:14,890
So for programmers python and.

53
00:03:16,210 --> 00:03:18,880
Python look pretty much the same, right?

54
00:03:20,840 --> 00:03:26,300
But to a program they are two different actually.

55
00:03:26,300 --> 00:03:26,470
So.

56
00:03:26,660 --> 00:03:32,330
So so for program they are two different strings.

57
00:03:33,360 --> 00:03:42,570
Python the takes the extra space in second python and considers it significant.

58
00:03:43,340 --> 00:03:45,000
Unless you tell it otherwise.

59
00:03:45,020 --> 00:03:50,750
It's important to think about whitespace because often you will want to compare two strings.

60
00:03:50,750 --> 00:03:52,920
So determine whether they are the same.

61
00:03:52,940 --> 00:03:59,360
For example, one important instance might involve checking people's username when they log into a website.

62
00:03:59,360 --> 00:03:59,750
Right?

63
00:03:59,750 --> 00:04:07,430
So extra whitespace can be confusing in much simpler situations as well.

64
00:04:07,550 --> 00:04:11,300
Version of Python makes it easier to.

65
00:04:12,100 --> 00:04:13,270
Illuminate.

66
00:04:14,140 --> 00:04:18,400
Uh, extra whitespace from data that people enter.

67
00:04:18,670 --> 00:04:26,020
So Python can look at for extra whitespace on the right and the left side of a string.

68
00:04:26,020 --> 00:04:31,120
So to ensure that the whitespace no whitespace exists at the right side of a string.

69
00:04:31,120 --> 00:04:34,690
So you can use our script now.

70
00:04:36,050 --> 00:04:43,130
Uh, my my favorite language here is going to be.

71
00:04:44,790 --> 00:04:45,390
Python.

72
00:04:46,750 --> 00:04:49,210
And here we will use.

73
00:04:50,510 --> 00:04:50,830
Ops.

74
00:04:51,020 --> 00:04:54,800
Let's actually add whitespace here and now.

75
00:04:56,020 --> 00:05:00,520
We will print the my favorite language.

76
00:05:00,520 --> 00:05:04,690
And after that we will use my favorite language.

77
00:05:05,940 --> 00:05:06,420
That.

78
00:05:07,750 --> 00:05:14,290
Strip or strip or strip and that's it that we will print my favorite language.

79
00:05:14,320 --> 00:05:17,260
Language again, my favorite language again.

80
00:05:17,260 --> 00:05:18,610
And after that.

81
00:05:19,620 --> 00:05:20,220
Yeah, that's it.

82
00:05:20,430 --> 00:05:20,970
Yeah.

83
00:05:21,090 --> 00:05:22,440
Now let's run this.

84
00:05:28,560 --> 00:05:32,070
As you can see here, we got to.

85
00:05:32,900 --> 00:05:34,620
Same results.

86
00:05:34,670 --> 00:05:38,750
And here you will see that there is a white space here.

87
00:05:39,820 --> 00:05:44,980
And if you select this like that, you have a white spaces here.

88
00:05:45,770 --> 00:05:56,000
Because you in order to change this or show like this, you will write the script here and now you will

89
00:05:56,000 --> 00:05:57,020
see this here.

90
00:05:57,790 --> 00:06:00,710
Now Python is stripped.

91
00:06:01,150 --> 00:06:07,860
So the value associated with my favorite language contains extra whitespace at the end of a string.

92
00:06:07,870 --> 00:06:13,930
So when you ask Python for this value in a terminal session, you can see the whitespace at the end

93
00:06:13,930 --> 00:06:14,890
of the value.

94
00:06:16,220 --> 00:06:16,730
Right.

95
00:06:17,060 --> 00:06:26,330
So when the answer methods acts on the variable, my favorite language, this extra space is removed,

96
00:06:26,600 --> 00:06:27,950
as you can see here.

97
00:06:30,340 --> 00:06:34,060
However, it's only removed temporarily.

98
00:06:34,180 --> 00:06:43,750
So if you ask for the value of my favorite language, again right here, let's print my favorite language.

99
00:06:44,650 --> 00:06:45,610
The strings.

100
00:06:45,610 --> 00:06:48,280
Look, this looks the same here.

101
00:06:49,100 --> 00:06:49,570
Here.

102
00:06:49,830 --> 00:06:50,570
Here.

103
00:06:51,100 --> 00:06:53,350
So this has whitespace.

104
00:06:53,350 --> 00:06:55,960
This doesn't have whitespace here.

105
00:06:57,020 --> 00:06:59,600
And also this has white space.

106
00:07:00,050 --> 00:07:00,890
So.

107
00:07:01,820 --> 00:07:04,580
As I said, if you ask the value again.

108
00:07:06,610 --> 00:07:11,350
The strings look the same as when it was created, including the extra whitespace.

109
00:07:11,350 --> 00:07:19,270
So to remove the whitespace from the string permanently, you have to associate the script value with

110
00:07:19,270 --> 00:07:20,590
the variable name.

111
00:07:20,770 --> 00:07:21,790
Now.

112
00:07:22,530 --> 00:07:23,370
Let's.

113
00:07:24,980 --> 00:07:25,570
Here.

114
00:07:25,580 --> 00:07:31,460
After that, we will use instead of just writing the variable name like this.

115
00:07:32,800 --> 00:07:34,930
Here writing variable name like this.

116
00:07:34,960 --> 00:07:36,430
We will add this here.

117
00:07:36,970 --> 00:07:42,340
My favorite language equals my favorite language, our script.

118
00:07:42,370 --> 00:07:44,860
Now let's print the value.

119
00:07:44,890 --> 00:07:47,320
Print my favorite language.

120
00:07:50,230 --> 00:07:51,520
And here.

121
00:07:54,370 --> 00:07:55,300
That's it.

122
00:07:55,600 --> 00:07:58,210
So this is firstly the.

123
00:08:00,930 --> 00:08:02,370
White space version.

124
00:08:02,670 --> 00:08:07,560
And this is the version without the white space.

125
00:08:07,890 --> 00:08:12,330
And as you can see, we didn't use the strip function in.

126
00:08:13,450 --> 00:08:15,220
Um, my favorite language.

127
00:08:15,340 --> 00:08:21,370
Because now, after this third line, my favorite language.

128
00:08:22,210 --> 00:08:24,610
My favorite language is.

129
00:08:25,820 --> 00:08:28,250
Value is equal to this.

130
00:08:28,700 --> 00:08:34,610
Whenever you use it, this variable is the name of your my favorite language variable.

131
00:08:35,480 --> 00:08:36,260
So.

132
00:08:37,380 --> 00:08:46,020
In this example, we start with with the value that has whitespace at the beginning and let's actually

133
00:08:46,020 --> 00:08:46,740
yes, yes.

134
00:08:46,740 --> 00:08:53,250
It will be more good practice to use the whitespace on the beginning.

135
00:08:53,250 --> 00:08:53,790
Right.

136
00:08:53,940 --> 00:08:58,300
So now let's add whitespace at the beginning as well.

137
00:08:58,320 --> 00:09:05,610
Now, as you can see here, yes, it would fix our white spaces at the end in the second here because

138
00:09:05,610 --> 00:09:07,620
we don't have the white spaces here.

139
00:09:07,620 --> 00:09:09,480
But I'm sorry.

140
00:09:09,510 --> 00:09:11,280
Here we have white space here.

141
00:09:12,580 --> 00:09:15,580
Button in the start, but not in the end.

142
00:09:15,580 --> 00:09:20,830
So we have white spaces in second in the left, but not on the right.

143
00:09:20,830 --> 00:09:26,560
But here we have white spaces on both sides.

144
00:09:26,920 --> 00:09:33,010
So in order to fix this, we will use our strip here.

145
00:09:34,030 --> 00:09:34,990
So.

146
00:09:36,680 --> 00:09:40,220
Now we will use my favorite language again.

147
00:09:40,220 --> 00:09:43,940
And after that, my favorite language.

148
00:09:43,940 --> 00:09:45,910
That all strip, strip.

149
00:09:46,130 --> 00:09:48,920
Now let's try this out.

150
00:09:49,130 --> 00:09:53,270
And as you can see here, we deleted all the white spaces.

151
00:09:53,270 --> 00:09:59,720
But in the first example that we without manipulation of our text you are seeing here, we have two

152
00:09:59,720 --> 00:10:03,110
white spaces on the left and the right here.

153
00:10:04,460 --> 00:10:09,260
But in the second, we don't have any white spaces here.

154
00:10:09,680 --> 00:10:10,490
That's it.

155
00:10:10,520 --> 00:10:15,590
Because we use these functions are strip and strip.