1 00:00:00,900 --> 00:00:04,020 As a professional, ethical hacker or pen tester. 2 00:00:04,020 --> 00:00:07,560 The first step is to check reachability for your target. 3 00:00:07,740 --> 00:00:08,370 Right? 4 00:00:09,030 --> 00:00:14,550 So we will check the connectivity between you and your target. 5 00:00:15,600 --> 00:00:17,310 Let's see how to do that. 6 00:00:17,310 --> 00:00:23,310 First of all, let's open your windows virtual machine and open your command prompt and let's check 7 00:00:23,310 --> 00:00:24,150 the IP. 8 00:00:26,190 --> 00:00:31,200 So ten .0.2.7 is the IP address of my Windows ten virtual machine. 9 00:00:31,980 --> 00:00:33,630 Now let's switch to Kali. 10 00:00:35,780 --> 00:00:37,220 Let's check its IP. 11 00:00:41,170 --> 00:00:46,990 If config and it is ten .0.2.4. 12 00:00:47,770 --> 00:00:50,410 So let's check the connectivity between the two. 13 00:00:50,830 --> 00:00:54,430 So ping ten .0.2.7. 14 00:01:01,940 --> 00:01:06,770 It's not showing a reply because the firewall is turned on. 15 00:01:07,190 --> 00:01:07,820 Right. 16 00:01:08,120 --> 00:01:11,420 So let's switch to window and turn off the firewall first. 17 00:01:13,130 --> 00:01:15,140 So go to control panel. 18 00:01:26,130 --> 00:01:27,960 Select Windows Firewall. 19 00:01:36,890 --> 00:01:37,250 Click. 20 00:01:43,170 --> 00:01:45,030 And now let's switch back to Carly. 21 00:01:48,140 --> 00:01:49,700 Let's try one more time. 22 00:01:50,900 --> 00:01:51,470 See? 23 00:01:51,470 --> 00:01:52,490 Now it's going. 24 00:01:57,550 --> 00:02:00,010 Now let's do the same thing for the Kali also. 25 00:02:00,010 --> 00:02:04,660 So pin 1.0.2.4. 26 00:02:05,560 --> 00:02:06,850 See, it's connected. 27 00:02:07,930 --> 00:02:10,640 It's saying reply coming from this IP address. 28 00:02:10,660 --> 00:02:15,100 This is the size of the packet and it means time to live. 29 00:02:17,360 --> 00:02:21,710 Now what if your target is a website? 30 00:02:22,040 --> 00:02:29,720 In that case we will use pink and the website name for example Facebook dot com. 31 00:02:36,210 --> 00:02:42,420 So this is the IP address for the server on which Facebook.com is hosted. 32 00:02:44,250 --> 00:02:49,530 Now there may be possibilities that a single server can hold multiple websites. 33 00:02:50,220 --> 00:02:54,600 So we can't assume that Facebook is the only website that is running on this server. 34 00:02:55,410 --> 00:03:01,560 So for all that Web sites that are running on the same server, this is the only IP. 35 00:03:01,860 --> 00:03:06,720 So if you ping any other website hosted on the same server, you will receive the same IP. 36 00:03:08,400 --> 00:03:10,890 So this is the IP for the server. 37 00:03:13,140 --> 00:03:23,640 Now the next step is to find out the maximum frame size or the maximum package size that we can send 38 00:03:23,640 --> 00:03:24,810 to our target. 39 00:03:26,190 --> 00:03:30,210 Because you can read here that the by default package size is 32 bytes. 40 00:03:31,170 --> 00:03:34,050 So let's find out the maximum packet size. 41 00:03:35,280 --> 00:03:45,000 And to do that, use pin, target, name, frame and define the length. 42 00:03:45,300 --> 00:03:49,500 For example, I will try 100 bytes first. 43 00:03:52,140 --> 00:03:53,880 Yes, we are receiving reply. 44 00:03:54,570 --> 00:03:58,800 Now let's increase the package size to 500. 45 00:04:00,870 --> 00:04:01,590 Okay. 46 00:04:02,400 --> 00:04:06,120 Now let's increase it to 1500. 47 00:04:07,470 --> 00:04:10,090 See, now it gives the error. 48 00:04:10,110 --> 00:04:12,360 It says packet needs to be fragmented. 49 00:04:13,290 --> 00:04:15,180 So let's reduce the size. 50 00:04:16,890 --> 00:04:18,300 Let's say 1300. 51 00:04:20,300 --> 00:04:20,450 Okay. 52 00:04:20,700 --> 00:04:24,270 We will resume reply now. 53 00:04:24,270 --> 00:04:25,530 1400? 54 00:04:27,270 --> 00:04:28,920 Yes, it's working. 55 00:04:30,150 --> 00:04:33,600 Now let's try for 1050. 56 00:04:34,920 --> 00:04:35,640 Okay. 57 00:04:36,870 --> 00:04:40,980 Now let's increase it to 70. 58 00:04:42,300 --> 00:04:43,650 Still, we are getting reply. 59 00:04:45,180 --> 00:04:48,180 Now let's try 80. 60 00:04:52,050 --> 00:05:03,300 So 72 C 1472 bytes is the maximum size of a frame we can send to our target. 61 00:05:04,710 --> 00:05:08,040 So now we have this maximum size. 62 00:05:11,130 --> 00:05:20,370 Now, as we can see, when we ping to facebook.com, we are getting a reply, right? 63 00:05:20,700 --> 00:05:23,640 But we don't know the actual path. 64 00:05:24,090 --> 00:05:27,120 We don't know the actual path of our packets. 65 00:05:27,750 --> 00:05:28,270 Right. 66 00:05:28,290 --> 00:05:35,730 There may be multiple hops or they'll be multiple points or multiple routers in between you and your 67 00:05:35,730 --> 00:05:36,360 target. 68 00:05:37,170 --> 00:05:41,520 So to get a list of all of them, we use a command called Tracer. 69 00:05:45,640 --> 00:05:48,130 And the process is called trace root. 70 00:05:49,480 --> 00:05:56,740 So Trace it is a command line utility or should I say, is a network tool which helps us to determine 71 00:05:56,740 --> 00:06:03,790 the path of our packets transmitting for you and your target. 72 00:06:04,510 --> 00:06:08,200 So to know the detailed path we use trace command. 73 00:06:08,200 --> 00:06:11,650 So trace it and the name of your target. 74 00:06:16,660 --> 00:06:17,150 Okay. 75 00:06:18,880 --> 00:06:26,260 Now it says racing route and it will show over a maximum of 30 hops. 76 00:06:28,510 --> 00:06:38,920 See this ten .2.1 is the IP address of our net network. 77 00:06:40,150 --> 00:06:44,660 And then we will getting 192.168.1.103. 78 00:06:44,680 --> 00:06:48,940 This is the IP address of my modem. 79 00:06:52,180 --> 00:07:01,340 Then we will getting this 100.7 to 2.2 to 4.1 is another router and it's showing time here. 80 00:07:01,360 --> 00:07:01,590 Okay. 81 00:07:01,600 --> 00:07:02,830 Total time taken. 82 00:07:07,610 --> 00:07:13,550 So let me pause this video for a while because it is going to take a little bit time. 83 00:07:15,230 --> 00:07:20,660 The process has been completed and you can see there are total 17 hops. 84 00:07:21,350 --> 00:07:30,800 So a packet is travelling from these points which comes between my PC and my target, facebook.com.