The android-permissions.xml contains runtime (dangerous) permissions for each app. This file is present in Android 10, 11, & 12.   The paths are:

  •  Android 10 --> USERDATA/system/users/0/ 

  •  Android 11 & 12 -->  USERDATA/misc_de/0/apexdata/com.android.permission/ 

The files are stored as regular XML (non-ABX) Android 10 & 11. and ABX in Android 12.  These are the permissions that have been granted by the user to the app (not necessarily the ones the app requested via AndroidManifest.xml). Imagine the impact of this file in malware investigations. Josh Hickman wrote a useful blog which can be found here:

https://thebinaryhick.blog/2021/01/26/androids-dangerous-permissions/.