Understanding the difference between encoding and encryption is an important step in the forensic recovery of data.

Encoding (definition):¹

1. To convert (as a body of information) from one system of communication into another; especially: to convert (a message) into code.

2. To change (information) into a set of letters, numbers, or symbols that can be read by a computer.

Encryption (definition):²

1. To change (information) from one form to another, especially, to hide its meaning.

The most important distinction between the two is that the encryption of data is used to keep its meaning secret from everyone but the intended party, whereas encoding data serves to make sure the original data content is interpreted properly after storage or transport.

References:

[1] https://for585.com/data-encode

[2] https://for585.com/data-encrypt