What is TCP IP?
I'm glad you asked because it was first developed in the U.S. as a military project called ARPANET Advanced
Research Projects Agency Network.
So this project was developed by the military for military purposes, was then used by universities.
And subsequently, networks developed independently from all over the U.S. and those were named NSFNET
under a single backbone and then spread across the world beyond the original national dimension.
So actually, that flash point or the birth of the Internet coincides with this date.
So that's where we get the protocols that will govern that network, they regulate the flow of data
between computers.
So then TCP IP represents two separate protocols that operate on the third and the fourth layer of the
Ossi model for data transfer over the Internet, and consequently they're called Transmission Control
Protocol TCP, IP and Internet Protocol, or IP.
So why TCP IP?
So it's all manufacturer, independent.
They connect different scale of computers.
It can be used to exchange data between different operating systems.
They recognize and they were induced by many companies as the first protocol.
Of course, they're widely used over the Internet.
It's a roadable protocol.
They have a common addressing scheme.
And the DCP IP operation model is shown here.
Application layer.
This layer contains the application that sends the data and the protocol that this application uses.
So this is a layer that the user interacts with.
So here in contain the various protocols for the user to use.
So these protocols correspond to the application that are activated by the user.
So, for example, the HTTP protocol is activated when the user wants to open a webpage, if the user
wants to send an email and the SMTP protocol will be activated.
Transmission layer.
TCP and UDP protocols work in this layer.
A transport layer has the following properties.
Session multiplexing so multiple machines can be connected at the same time.
Data fragmentation of data can be divided into segments, the data to be sent can be divided into pieces.
Flow control.
Connection can be put on hold for many reasons during data transmission.
Data can be resumed when conditions are appropriate, and that's how flow control works pretty much.
There is a connection oriented feature, so it means that before the data gets transferred, the relevant
parties must establish a connection.
Data transmission will not start until the connection is established.
The network layer.
So data is transferred to the network card, and in this layer, the data is converted into electrical
signals, whether it's a wireless card or an Ethernet card.
And the physical layer.
So that's the layer where the data is transmitted by a physical cable, whether it's fiber or copper.
For example, when you open a Web page, the following operations will be performed.
On a server where the Web page is located, the output of the Web page in HDMI format is created.
And the command to send this data via HTTP protocol.
This is done in labor for.
The application layer data is sent to layer three from here.
And the transport layer, the data port information, data size and information will be added.
And in the network layer, the IP address of the server, computer and the final size of the data sides
are added to the data package.
Then in the physical layer, the physical address information and the final data size are added.
Then the package exit the server and reaches your computer.
And of course, when it reaches your computer, your operations are repeated in reverse.
So it handles the physical layer, then the network layer, then the transport layer and then the application
layer.
And then finally, it sends the remaining package to your Web browser, and that's when the page opens.
Ekpe i.p Flagg's.
So in communicating with TCP IP.
Some flags are used to check the security of the connection.
So these flags will start the communication with the other party.
My communication ends when the data flow is finished and it is confirmed that it is a suitable environment
for data transfer.
So there are six TCP IP flags.
And these are sin, which is a flag that initiates a connection request with a new sequence, no.
The acknowledged flag specifies that the data transfer request is confirmed along with the expected
sequence number.
Push the flag indicating that the system accepts the connection request and sends the Bufford information.
ERGEG is the flag that specifies that the packet carrying the flag is transmitted as quickly as possible.
Finn is a flag that indicates it, no more information can be sent and the connection should be terminated.
And reset is a flag that resets the connection.
Reweigh handshake.
So before TCP IP data transfers will start, the parties must verify each other and this method is called
the three way handshake.
So it works as follows two computers and these are Little Homestay and Husby, and I suppose we want
to transfer data from host to host B. So step one host sends this in packet.
So in this package, the Syn shelf is set to one.
And also included in the package is the sequence, no information.
Step two was to be receives a package from José and prepares a package descent, so in this package,
the senanayake flags are set to one.
It also adds host bees sequence number, as well as the acknowledgement number to host a.
And in step three.
Ohio State receives the packet from Jospeh and says the ACC flagged one, sending it to those B by adding
the acknowledgement No.
And that completes the three way handshake.
What is UDP?
UDP is a user diagram protocol, and it's one of the two transport layer protocols of E.S.P IP protocol
suite.
So since data without making a connection UDP is an unreliable transfer protocol, it's used in real
time data transfers such as audio and video transmission and wide area networks or wens.
It minimizes data transmission time by not performing UDP connections, set up operations, flow control
and retransmission operations.
So an UDP and TCP use the same communication path.
The quality of service of real time data transfer with UDP decreases due to the high data traffic generated
by TCP.
Some of the protocols that use UDP or DNS, DFT and S&P protocols.
Application programmers prefer UDP over TCP because UDP does not occupy much bandwidth on the network.