OK, so now we get into data packets, so data packets are used in order to carry higher level data
such as IP packets.
So the ATO 211 standard divides all packets into three different categories control, management and
data.
So these different categories are known as a packet type.
So wireless control frames are short messages that tell devices when to start or stop transmitting.
And whether a connection failure has occurred and act frame or an AK frame is used to tell the sending
station that the receiving node received the packet correctly.
So these packets are sent relatively quickly for each unicast packets sent.
Most of the time to speed up the sending of X. It's done by the hardware itself and other driver.
Wireless adapters can be placed in power saving mode, basically to increase battery life, yeah.
So when a station is in power saving mode, the AP buffer is a traffic destined for it.
AP uses a traffic information message to inform a station that it has some data waiting for it and then
transmits it in beacon frames.
Artifacts is a mechanism that helps in reducing collisions, so it adds overhead to wireless communication
as additional packets have to be added to the beginning of the communication, for example, will assume
that there are two nodes who want to communicate with each other.
So let's say that node one sends a request to send to Node two.
Now, there's no collision and the request is accepted, no, to send it clear to send to no one telling
it to proceed.
So no one will send its data.
And then finally know to send back if the data was received, nothing is sent if it fails.
Management frames are also used to negotiate and control the relationship between access points and
stations.
Now, the following table here will outline the different types of wireless management framed.
Beacon frames are the most common packets as they are sent at a rate of approximately 10 times a second.
Beacons are broadcast by the AP to keep the network synchronized, so the beacons contain useful information
about the network, such as network name and the capabilities, the AP data rates available and all
that.
Now, programs are used to scan for existing access points, and they consist of two different packets.
Probe, request and probe response.
So probe requests are sent by wireless stations to determine what apps are within range and what their
capabilities are, a response is sent only if the speed and Eastside values are the same as it was supported
by the No.
I know that responds to the request is the last note that sends a flag.
Now, within an authentication frame, the authentication algorithm will identify the type of authentication
used so value of zero is used to indicate open system authentication and a value of one is used for
shared a key authentication.
So on that station successfully authenticates to an AP, it needs to perform an association before fully
joining the network.
Association and association packet's are used to perform these steps.
Now on all communications are terminated, the station or AP can send a D authentication packet.
Now, there are many different reasons for this frame.
For example, clients may no longer be authorized for a client session.
Time outs may exceed.
We'll see some of those details and the importance of this frame when we cover the D authentication
attack in an upcoming lecture.
Now, Atim frames, they're only used in ad hoc networks.
A station uses this frame to notify the recipient that it has Bufford data to send.
So I Tripoli Aido to 11 h ad support for action frames that trigger specific measurements.
These frames are not very common, and therefore we're not going to really talk about them in detail.
But you should know that they exist, OK?
So the last package type is data frame, and the purpose of a data frame is to transfer data from an
upper layer of a station to another wireless or wired station on the network.
No frames will consist of only Mac headers and an FCX.
And they're used by stations to indicate that they are going into power saving mode, all right.
Make sense.