1 00:00:01,260 --> 00:00:08,220 Before going in detail about electric drive, let's understand the basics of electric motor. 2 00:00:09,700 --> 00:00:11,110 What is electric motor? 3 00:00:11,530 --> 00:00:19,660 We know that it converts electrical energy into mechanical or it can also convert mechanical energy 4 00:00:19,660 --> 00:00:25,450 into electrical energy so that we can use the regenerative braking. 5 00:00:29,550 --> 00:00:36,330 The electrical parameters are voltage current and register inductor and capacitor. 6 00:00:38,760 --> 00:00:46,950 We realising that mechanical parameters are torque, speed, acceleration, displacement, force, math. 7 00:00:47,100 --> 00:00:55,500 These are all mechanical barometer and opposing force at frictional force and drag force for the vehicle 8 00:00:55,620 --> 00:00:56,550 that we have seen. 9 00:00:56,760 --> 00:01:03,010 And the Aimé is the mass of pausing for mass and acceleration. 10 00:01:04,050 --> 00:01:11,450 So if we look at what electric motor does, it converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. 11 00:01:11,850 --> 00:01:20,310 But for more related to our application, we can say that when we supply the voltage to the electric 12 00:01:20,310 --> 00:01:25,450 motor, it will produce the dark and the resultant speed. 13 00:01:25,800 --> 00:01:29,530 So in charge of the matter is connected to loud applause. 14 00:01:29,550 --> 00:01:36,990 In case of electric vehicle, the developed at the shaft will result in speed of the electric vehicle 15 00:01:36,990 --> 00:01:40,350 depending upon the vehicle characteristics that we have discussed. 16 00:01:40,980 --> 00:01:45,480 So our all the motor how motor work. 17 00:01:46,020 --> 00:01:54,210 To understand that, we need to understand how the current produced the dark, because we know that 18 00:01:54,210 --> 00:01:57,030 always voltage will result in Gurren. 19 00:01:57,360 --> 00:02:04,180 If we consider the voltage battery, then current will be depending upon the electric load. 20 00:02:04,210 --> 00:02:09,480 The parameters are lnc for the simplicity in this circuit. 21 00:02:09,550 --> 00:02:16,050 We can discuss about the register not only the resistance of the winding this current process with the 22 00:02:16,560 --> 00:02:18,330 copper winding of the motor. 23 00:02:20,150 --> 00:02:26,480 This conversion is the magnetic circuit due to production of flux and inflection of flux. 24 00:02:26,690 --> 00:02:32,890 It produced the daughter in mechanical system, always viewed Israel from the start. 25 00:02:33,140 --> 00:02:39,700 If talk is more spiritist, more an electrical system is voltage is higher, current is higher, and 26 00:02:39,980 --> 00:02:41,360 the constant resistance yet. 27 00:02:41,630 --> 00:02:48,410 And considering the constant frictional and opposing load in the mechanical system, I thought results 28 00:02:48,410 --> 00:02:49,970 in higher speed. 29 00:02:51,080 --> 00:02:57,440 So the fundamental block of any electric motor that can be represented in this form. 30 00:03:04,790 --> 00:03:09,290 Let's discuss what Elliptic Motor is physically. 31 00:03:09,800 --> 00:03:15,710 It is the very simplest device, but has the vast variety of application. 32 00:03:17,810 --> 00:03:26,780 The electric motors, we can do it in two parts, one is iron ore steel that form its body and provide 33 00:03:26,780 --> 00:03:27,080 the. 34 00:03:28,190 --> 00:03:36,470 But for the magnetic circuit, yet for the flux, so iron body or steel that is having ferromagnetic 35 00:03:36,470 --> 00:03:43,940 material, it should be having low reluctance because it formed the magnetic circuit and magnetic bar. 36 00:03:44,180 --> 00:03:46,490 So we can see this is the magnetic part. 37 00:03:47,480 --> 00:03:56,000 If we consider the copper binding wire or conductor, it should be having lower registers because current 38 00:03:56,000 --> 00:04:02,230 flows through this winding and it become part of our electrical circuit or electrical fire. 39 00:04:03,320 --> 00:04:10,010 If we combine this both together, then we can see the motor is nothing but the mechanical structure 40 00:04:10,010 --> 00:04:11,840 and mechanical device. 41 00:04:12,320 --> 00:04:17,970 So motorist's consist of this two part only iron ore, steel and copper winding. 42 00:04:18,230 --> 00:04:22,010 And there's a few things worth supporting. 43 00:04:30,330 --> 00:04:38,220 So likewise, if we consider and divide the matter in three parts, a moderate electrical system, also, 44 00:04:38,610 --> 00:04:46,800 it is a mechanical system also and it's a magnetic system, if we look at the electric system and electrical 45 00:04:46,800 --> 00:04:51,970 system parameters that are voltage current registers as a law. 46 00:04:52,230 --> 00:04:58,650 So in the case of motor, the suggestions are lowering the resistance of copper binding or some other 47 00:04:58,650 --> 00:05:02,490 parameter inductance of copper binding the force implicit. 48 00:05:02,500 --> 00:05:10,350 If we consider only resistance, then according to Onslow, the current will be proportional to voltage 49 00:05:10,650 --> 00:05:14,340 and inversely proportional to registers in electrical circuit. 50 00:05:14,340 --> 00:05:21,480 We always have the Walia voltage from the battery source and the will of current will depend upon the 51 00:05:21,480 --> 00:05:24,210 law and it may be dynamic depending upon the time. 52 00:05:24,210 --> 00:05:32,880 Also conductive law is that the for simplicity in electrical circuits we need to find the correct voltage 53 00:05:32,880 --> 00:05:38,260 will be a known quantity and the distance and these parameters are also known quantity. 54 00:05:38,280 --> 00:05:39,570 Most of the time. 55 00:05:41,400 --> 00:05:49,470 If we consider the power of electrical circuit because we know we require some specific minimum amount 56 00:05:49,470 --> 00:05:57,660 of power of the motor to meet the requirement of the mechanical, electrical power is the product of 57 00:05:57,660 --> 00:05:59,410 voltage current. 58 00:06:00,390 --> 00:06:04,350 So now this equation is equal to Vinita. 59 00:06:04,350 --> 00:06:06,600 High power is equal to voltage current. 60 00:06:07,890 --> 00:06:14,190 Give us today about two having the same power motor to perform the same mechanical task. 61 00:06:14,270 --> 00:06:24,030 We are having the option we should have higher voltage and less current are we have the higher current 62 00:06:24,030 --> 00:06:25,700 and less voltage. 63 00:06:26,550 --> 00:06:33,900 So out of this choice we can design the motor for a particular application when it's demand. 64 00:06:34,500 --> 00:06:36,270 So higher current is. 65 00:06:38,100 --> 00:06:45,900 That means we require them to conduct the diameter to meet the requirements of higher current and high 66 00:06:45,900 --> 00:06:52,740 voltage requirements, resulting higher insulation size, but insulation size does not add the additional 67 00:06:52,740 --> 00:06:56,430 cost as much as the thicker conductor required. 68 00:06:57,840 --> 00:07:03,810 So we generally prefer the higher voltage and less current to reduce the losses. 69 00:07:03,840 --> 00:07:13,290 Also, I cut our losses, which result in it also, and whenever higher voltage mortar is available, 70 00:07:13,320 --> 00:07:19,960 we preferred it because it has a certain advantage of high voltage mortar. 71 00:07:20,310 --> 00:07:27,720 Our electronics development of power electronics also become very complex when current is high and voltage 72 00:07:27,720 --> 00:07:29,610 is less for the same power. 73 00:07:29,640 --> 00:07:30,870 So low power, it's fine. 74 00:07:31,140 --> 00:07:38,280 But for the high powered by kilowatt and greater within five kilowatt mortar, we prefer the voltage 75 00:07:38,280 --> 00:07:41,070 greater than 72 or 90 volt. 76 00:07:42,220 --> 00:07:51,700 But we look up to the one kilowatt to kilowatt, we can go for the 48 volt and less voltage, but current 77 00:07:51,700 --> 00:07:53,660 will be high according to that. 78 00:07:54,250 --> 00:07:59,050 So it will result in the robocalling arrangement for the converter. 79 00:07:59,440 --> 00:08:04,140 Also, when current is high, this is the electrical system. 80 00:08:04,450 --> 00:08:12,160 This current plus for the copper Winley now come to the mechanical structure because electric model 81 00:08:12,190 --> 00:08:19,200 of the dark and the dark, if not attached to the vehicle, it will accelerate the vehicle. 82 00:08:19,660 --> 00:08:25,180 So we had the linear motion and rotary motion in the mechanical system component of linear motion, 83 00:08:25,270 --> 00:08:33,310 forced displacement, velocity and rotary motion, dark, dark force multiplied by a radius and speed. 84 00:08:33,880 --> 00:08:40,090 If we to do the power of mechanical system, the mechanical output power is equal to start multiplied 85 00:08:40,090 --> 00:08:41,260 by speed. 86 00:08:42,270 --> 00:08:48,780 So whenever there talk is a new transmitter and spirit in radio, in second, it will get the same McQuillen. 87 00:08:50,300 --> 00:08:53,520 Will you of mechanical output power? 88 00:08:54,650 --> 00:09:04,040 So whenever we require the mechanical power, high torque or less speed and the same power can be utilized 89 00:09:04,040 --> 00:09:14,780 for the application with the high speed and less God, that means the vehicle or any mechanical law 90 00:09:14,780 --> 00:09:20,110 demands high talk at less speed or less torque at high speed. 91 00:09:20,690 --> 00:09:28,720 We demand the same amount of power and that can be supplied by the electrical, motor electrical system. 92 00:09:30,740 --> 00:09:37,910 If you consider the vehicle we need to project the high court starting at low speed, that means a certain 93 00:09:37,910 --> 00:09:40,970 amount of power and speed increase. 94 00:09:40,970 --> 00:09:47,510 If we demand the load at high speed, then we can have the same power requirement. 95 00:09:49,940 --> 00:09:53,010 Currently, zero and voltage is dead. 96 00:09:53,060 --> 00:10:01,720 There is no electric power that is not in any electric input power like in mechanical system if speed 97 00:10:01,730 --> 00:10:09,770 is zero, but if there is dark, if our electric motor produces the dark, which produces the force 98 00:10:10,100 --> 00:10:18,700 and this dark is generated, but if somehow we hold that water or hold the vehicle so we can move, 99 00:10:19,040 --> 00:10:21,490 and because of this, it becomes zero. 100 00:10:21,860 --> 00:10:27,860 So mechanical output power is zero in this case, but electrical input power is dead because current 101 00:10:27,860 --> 00:10:29,440 is flowing and voltage is dead. 102 00:10:29,930 --> 00:10:34,940 So the efficiency becomes zero, mechanical output is zero, electrical input is dead. 103 00:10:35,480 --> 00:10:45,350 So this case, if we compare the unit of energy, the electrical energy is measured in, what, in two 104 00:10:45,350 --> 00:10:45,890 seconds? 105 00:10:45,890 --> 00:10:47,920 What is the unit of power? 106 00:10:48,620 --> 00:10:54,890 Mechanical energy is measured in Newton Meter and thermal energy. 107 00:10:54,890 --> 00:10:58,160 We measuring the relation that we already know. 108 00:10:58,160 --> 00:11:00,080 One word second is equal to one. 109 00:11:00,080 --> 00:11:03,790 Newton meter is equal to one June. 110 00:11:10,870 --> 00:11:19,840 So unit of mechanical power has become a new transmitter, but second, electric power, what one what 111 00:11:19,840 --> 00:11:26,520 is equal to one Newton meters per second that can be compared with the electrical power. 112 00:11:29,430 --> 00:11:36,510 And if we consider the magnetic circuit, the magnetic circuit exist whenever current flows through 113 00:11:36,510 --> 00:11:44,430 any conductor, if current flows through any conductor, the circulator flux will always generated around 114 00:11:44,430 --> 00:11:46,610 periphery of the conductor. 115 00:11:47,160 --> 00:11:53,870 If current flow through the coins is nothing but no open one and it will become goyle. 116 00:11:54,180 --> 00:12:02,010 So because fluxes always produce around the periphery of conductor, it will be added to the inside 117 00:12:02,370 --> 00:12:04,700 and it will form a particular pattern. 118 00:12:05,100 --> 00:12:12,240 And inside the coil, if we put the ion piece, which is having very low relative to the magnetic circuit, 119 00:12:12,240 --> 00:12:17,470 which compared to the flux will be concentrated in the iron bar. 120 00:12:18,150 --> 00:12:24,190 This is how magnetic circuit generated from the current and done so. 121 00:12:24,270 --> 00:12:29,560 Magnetic motive force is equal to attempting to turn for any model. 122 00:12:29,820 --> 00:12:34,710 That's why, as we used to call when current is flowing through the coil, depending upon the number 123 00:12:34,710 --> 00:12:35,250 of tonne. 124 00:12:35,520 --> 00:12:38,880 So you can also see the product of M.F. current and number. 125 00:12:38,930 --> 00:12:46,590 Often if we have the less current and more number of tonne, that can generate the same amount of magnetic 126 00:12:46,590 --> 00:12:47,040 flux. 127 00:12:47,280 --> 00:12:53,670 And if we have the higher current and less number of stuff, it cannot generate the same amount of what 128 00:12:54,030 --> 00:12:56,040 flux for the same reluctance. 129 00:12:56,940 --> 00:13:02,370 So these are the comparison of electrical system, mechanical system and magnetic system, because motor 130 00:13:02,370 --> 00:13:04,290 consists of all this. 131 00:13:05,070 --> 00:13:12,800 This iron box is the body iron ore, steel, and we always have a small amount of agap through it. 132 00:13:13,200 --> 00:13:21,180 We allow the rotor to rotate and our fluxing the electrical circuit will flow to the data through Atget 133 00:13:21,180 --> 00:13:24,950 and through daughter and it from the magnetic circuit. 134 00:13:27,400 --> 00:13:31,150 So this is the basic box of electric motor system. 135 00:13:33,560 --> 00:13:41,480 Now, if we look at the requirement of electric motor, so instead of how it works in detail at this 136 00:13:41,480 --> 00:13:45,580 level, we will concentrate on the characteristics of the electric motor. 137 00:13:46,700 --> 00:13:56,660 So we understood that how vehicle characteristics can be obtained and how we can as a law can be defined 138 00:13:56,660 --> 00:14:03,200 by the top speed characteristics of the vehicle, the same way the motor had its capability to join 139 00:14:03,200 --> 00:14:06,440 the car at a certain amount of speed. 140 00:14:06,800 --> 00:14:13,520 That means if we applied a certain amount of constant voltage, more capable to develop a certain amount 141 00:14:13,520 --> 00:14:20,380 of torque at low speed and a certain amount of torque for the same voltage, high speed will be different. 142 00:14:21,080 --> 00:14:29,060 So that we will discuss in the next section about the speed or characteristic of the motor and how to 143 00:14:29,060 --> 00:14:32,600 match it with the speed characteristic of the vehicle. 144 00:14:33,020 --> 00:14:38,990 So this talk will be applied to the vehicle and overall speed will be depend upon the generated board 145 00:14:38,990 --> 00:14:39,980 by the motor. 146 00:14:40,220 --> 00:14:47,030 The motor is capable to thought, but depend upon the speed that we will discuss. 147 00:14:47,360 --> 00:14:56,990 And what is the talk of the vehicle as a lower vehicle opposed this dark and according to the vehicle 148 00:14:57,050 --> 00:15:05,870 or characteristics, the state equilibrium point will decide the final speed or the generator and for 149 00:15:05,870 --> 00:15:07,420 the applied voltage. 150 00:15:07,880 --> 00:15:12,330 So we will look at the electric motor as it does with characteristics. 151 00:15:13,070 --> 00:15:14,210 Next section.