1

00:00:02,180 --> 00:00:09,950

Let's understand the speed characteristics of electric motor, it will represent electric motors in



2

00:00:09,950 --> 00:00:12,140

terms of its speed characteristics.



3

00:00:13,070 --> 00:00:20,210

In the previous version we have seen that electrical motor is a combination of electrical system, magnetic



4

00:00:20,210 --> 00:00:22,980

system and mechanical system.



5

00:00:23,720 --> 00:00:32,690

If we further expand this blog Bigham view of electric motor, then we can help this block diagram of



6

00:00:32,690 --> 00:00:33,660

electric motor.



7

00:00:34,550 --> 00:00:36,320

So that is the electrical system.



8

00:00:36,330 --> 00:00:43,670

It represents the supply voltage and current will be, according to the electrical system parameter



9

00:00:44,150 --> 00:00:53,160

that parameters that at a distance inductance and capacitance after winding up the electric circuit.



10

00:00:53,540 --> 00:01:02,390

So inductor register and capacitor army, electrical barometer's and converters are also the part of



11

00:01:02,390 --> 00:01:03,790

the electrical system.



12

00:01:03,800 --> 00:01:10,760

But for the simplicity, if we consider, then current development is depend upon the electrical system



13

00:01:10,760 --> 00:01:14,240

parameter and upon the supply voltage.



14

00:01:16,120 --> 00:01:21,940

The magnetic circuit produced a thought depending upon the current and a number of dun.



15

00:01:24,190 --> 00:01:32,800

Magnetic system parameters that dance off the circuit of magnetic material that I am still and at a



16

00:01:32,810 --> 00:01:36,010

gas plant, so all this will decide the.



17

00:01:37,610 --> 00:01:46,280

Produce our products, produce from the Koran, so magnetic circuit barometer's are the and mechanical



18

00:01:46,280 --> 00:01:51,810

system parameters remain the same as we discussed in case of Waker.



19

00:01:52,310 --> 00:02:00,440

This is mechanical system parameter after the only that means the inertia for Fruita it depend upon



20

00:02:00,440 --> 00:02:03,830

the rotaru weight and shape as well as the frictional.



21

00:02:04,940 --> 00:02:11,800

Component, but frictional component will be very less because of bearing arrangement.



22

00:02:12,250 --> 00:02:19,250

We use the bedding to reduce the friction as much as possible with combat friction after a vehicle tire,



23

00:02:19,730 --> 00:02:22,310

the friction of the bedding are very less.



24

00:02:23,690 --> 00:02:29,150

Now, if we consider this system add up to this point, we need some relation.



25

00:02:29,150 --> 00:02:31,130

How tight will produce?



26

00:02:31,130 --> 00:02:36,950

Depending upon the voltage and current, we will have the steady state equation as well as dynamic equation



27

00:02:36,950 --> 00:02:41,100

in electrical engineering to meet this requirement.



28

00:02:41,120 --> 00:02:49,640

How much can we produce with supply voltage or for the constant amount of current?



29

00:02:51,050 --> 00:02:59,000

Now this model parameter, if we consider only the initial rotor and the frictional losses frictional



30

00:02:59,000 --> 00:03:06,350

component, if we applied this thought in mechanical system opposing talke, only the inertia component



31

00:03:06,860 --> 00:03:13,360

is and frictional component we anticipate will be depending upon the component.



32

00:03:14,390 --> 00:03:20,960

But when motor is loaded, that means something is attached in case of an electrical vehicle, if we



33

00:03:20,970 --> 00:03:25,080

call it that, soft of the motor is attached.



34

00:03:25,100 --> 00:03:28,060

We will consider the direct track.



35

00:03:28,370 --> 00:03:37,010

So that means this motor, soft speed and wind speed cannot be difference if we want to include the



36

00:03:37,700 --> 00:03:41,820

vehicle system perimetral also because it is also a mechanical parameter.



37

00:03:42,320 --> 00:03:50,540

Let us consider the separately getting the vehicle model as we have discussed and if we call model represent



38

00:03:51,050 --> 00:03:54,120

the supply torque will result in speed.



39

00:03:54,530 --> 00:04:02,450

If you recall the opposing component in the vehicle parameter, the aerodynamic decoction, that aerodynamic



40

00:04:02,450 --> 00:04:03,980

drag force then.



41

00:04:05,820 --> 00:04:10,080

MP and frictional company.



42

00:04:11,630 --> 00:04:20,440

So this opposing force that to mortar to represent the Bardella by the martyr.



43

00:04:20,840 --> 00:04:27,920

So if we are driving the vehicle with the electrical motor, that means the same task that is developed



44

00:04:27,920 --> 00:04:31,060

by the motor need to supply the vehicle.



45

00:04:31,490 --> 00:04:36,890

And it will result in speed depending upon the opposite opposing car.



46

00:04:37,220 --> 00:04:40,700

That is also due to the gradient constant.



47

00:04:40,710 --> 00:04:43,670

If it is an incline, it will be different.



48

00:04:44,330 --> 00:04:53,050

So this opposing car we need to inculcate here because we cannot supply the speed to the vehicle motor



49

00:04:53,330 --> 00:04:56,720

and we need to modify this to what it means.



50

00:04:57,350 --> 00:04:59,740

In this case, they are opposing Turca.



51

00:05:00,030 --> 00:05:06,980

Opposing force or opposing torque are only the inertia of the motor and frictional component of Taruta,



52

00:05:07,700 --> 00:05:10,550

but it is very less due to betting inertia.



53

00:05:10,680 --> 00:05:14,030

Rotaries also very less with compared to the weight of the motor.



54

00:05:14,540 --> 00:05:22,850

So if we want to merge the two system, Electrical and Wacol Electric Motor Vehicle, then we need to



55

00:05:22,850 --> 00:05:28,430

only change it in addition to this two component of motor inertia and friction.



56

00:05:28,940 --> 00:05:37,730

We need to get opposing Tarkoff, this vehicle system that is the quotient M and this.



57

00:05:38,800 --> 00:05:39,970

The Indian component.



58

00:05:41,710 --> 00:05:43,070

And U.S. data.



59

00:05:43,360 --> 00:05:50,200

So this all now are opposing component, but Innocenti signal component would be very less, but we



60

00:05:50,200 --> 00:05:50,980

can include it.



61

00:05:52,050 --> 00:05:59,670

So when we supplied the voltage, according to the electrical characteristics, it will produce the



62

00:05:59,670 --> 00:06:05,790

current according to the motor magnetic characteristic it will produce to talk and according to this



63

00:06:05,790 --> 00:06:10,750

mechanical system, it will result in the final steady state speed.



64

00:06:11,310 --> 00:06:20,100

So if we again recall the spirit or characteristic of the vehicle, we know that it is the speed that



65

00:06:20,100 --> 00:06:24,370

is attained for applying the some constant amount of thought.



66

00:06:25,650 --> 00:06:30,660

So we have already discussed how to direct this characteristic of vehicle mechanical parameter.



67

00:06:31,080 --> 00:06:38,610

If we apply the certain constant Knewton meter of thought, the final status to speed it will attain.



68

00:06:40,310 --> 00:06:43,850

And if we going recall the top speed characteristic of a vehicle.



69

00:06:44,120 --> 00:06:50,240

So what is this now, this characteristic, it also called the lower characteristic to the motor because



70

00:06:50,240 --> 00:06:51,960

vehicle is at the lower.



71

00:06:51,980 --> 00:06:59,900

So all this vehicle opposing force, opposing torque are opposing to the motor speed also.



72

00:06:59,900 --> 00:07:04,920

And this two speed will remain the same if we consider it is attached with this soft.



73

00:07:06,050 --> 00:07:14,590

So this characteristic represent the certain minimum amount of torque required to achieve the steady



74

00:07:14,600 --> 00:07:21,920

state speed so that we have seen some minimum park is required yet to achieve the desired speed.



75

00:07:22,700 --> 00:07:30,620

Now, if we discuss the same thing with electrical parameter, we need to understand an electrical system,



76

00:07:30,920 --> 00:07:33,590

the capability of produce maximum torque.



77

00:07:33,590 --> 00:07:41,600

It also depend upon the speed because the electrical system opposing force due to this magnetic component



78

00:07:41,600 --> 00:07:43,930

is the best in each and every motor.



79

00:07:44,240 --> 00:07:46,760

And that became depend upon the speed.



80

00:07:47,120 --> 00:07:53,510

That means the speed also reflect the amount of current that flowed through the electrical system.



81

00:07:53,540 --> 00:08:01,160

And this feedback loop inside the motor will result in we are having the Surtain maximum amount of power



82

00:08:01,220 --> 00:08:04,170

that can be produced is very with the speed.



83

00:08:04,760 --> 00:08:11,180

So in case of motor, if we produced by the motor is applied to the mechanical system, it will result



84

00:08:11,180 --> 00:08:11,690

in speed.



85

00:08:12,020 --> 00:08:21,050

But the speed characteristic is something that represent the maximum amount of talk that can be produced



86

00:08:21,050 --> 00:08:27,200

by the motor with this training, the current limit and voltage limit.



87

00:08:27,740 --> 00:08:35,450

So we are having the restriction in the maximum current limit due to the winding diameter of the distance



88

00:08:35,720 --> 00:08:39,470

and voltage limit also to the installation of winding.



89

00:08:40,040 --> 00:08:46,280

So motor depending upon the motor rating that we can supply the maximum current and not beyond that.



90

00:08:46,610 --> 00:08:54,890

And it will limit also the maximum, but with the limit, also the maximum torque ready with the speed.



91

00:08:55,250 --> 00:09:02,530

So at certain speed, the maximum that can be developed by the motor will vary in electrical drive.



92

00:09:02,570 --> 00:09:09,170

Subject of the electrical engineering, the students studying in detail how the car characteristics



93

00:09:09,170 --> 00:09:16,620

change and how the steady state and dynamic equation can be represented in between current and time.



94

00:09:19,370 --> 00:09:26,930

So if we understand and grow the speed characteristic of this motor, the all the motors represent almost



95

00:09:26,930 --> 00:09:27,970

the same characteristic.



96

00:09:28,310 --> 00:09:32,540

But the induction motor and seagrass model have slightly different characteristics.



97

00:09:32,540 --> 00:09:34,460

But the concept remains same.



98

00:09:35,970 --> 00:09:43,690

Is that dark characteristic of you can compare it with the D.C. model that includes D.C. and more to



99

00:09:44,040 --> 00:09:50,530

be in D.C., etc., and that is all electronically commentator Motus also represent the same toxified



100

00:09:51,030 --> 00:09:51,780

characteristic.



101

00:09:53,060 --> 00:10:00,470

So what this talksport character you can see in Y-axis, we are having thought this is the maximum amount



102

00:10:00,470 --> 00:10:06,950

of thought that can be produced by the water at a certain amount of speed.



103

00:10:08,830 --> 00:10:18,160

That means the maximum amount of torque for some bass speed is remaining constant and why this mechanism



104

00:10:18,580 --> 00:10:25,090

talk is limited due to current limits, because we cannot inject the current higher than this limit



105

00:10:25,390 --> 00:10:29,410

that we cannot produce to talk higher than this limit.



106

00:10:30,010 --> 00:10:35,740

So that a certain amount of speed, the current limit remained constant and this characteristic represent



107

00:10:36,280 --> 00:10:37,900

the maximum current limit.



108

00:10:37,930 --> 00:10:44,610

So if we consider we supplied the maximum voltage or maximum current limit, consider the constant current



109

00:10:44,920 --> 00:10:50,840

and this will be the maximum thought that can be developed by the motor at a certain speed.



110

00:10:51,160 --> 00:10:55,560

If you go beyond this base speed, we can see the target is reducing.



111

00:10:56,770 --> 00:10:58,930

So see the target reducing.



112

00:10:59,770 --> 00:11:07,960

But current is still same mechanism, currently same, and because Mortara has the maximum limited amount



113

00:11:07,960 --> 00:11:13,570

of power we can limit, the current voltage constant current is constant and power is constant.



114

00:11:13,840 --> 00:11:21,430

But even though at higher speed the target will be reduced, the maximum torque produced by the motor



115

00:11:21,430 --> 00:11:23,860

will use at the higher speed.



116

00:11:24,290 --> 00:11:28,150

So we can see this is the constant power that is in.



117

00:11:28,450 --> 00:11:36,560

When your reduction in torque takase depend upon the inversely proportional to the motor speed, if



118

00:11:36,560 --> 00:11:43,690

creating this dark will reduce and inversely proportional relation make it a constant power.



119

00:11:44,080 --> 00:11:50,740

This is called the maximum power of the military, the first 10 kilowatt motor.



120

00:11:51,130 --> 00:11:57,940

So if we multiply the TARKAN speed output of the mechanical output, power will remain constant during



121

00:11:57,940 --> 00:11:59,120

this region.



122

00:11:59,980 --> 00:12:06,910

So if models designed to operate at the maximum efficiency in this region, so we will get the highest



123

00:12:06,910 --> 00:12:12,700

efficiency in this region and we are interested more in this constant power reason to expand this constant



124

00:12:12,700 --> 00:12:21,970

partizan, because you can understand more yet operating at the maximum power point or the greater power



125

00:12:21,970 --> 00:12:23,790

for which it is designed.



126

00:12:24,460 --> 00:12:31,370

If further, if we required to further increase in speed, it's possible, but in this case, takase



127

00:12:31,450 --> 00:12:35,290

inversely proportional to the square of the speed.



128

00:12:35,590 --> 00:12:41,560

And due to this, the takase reduce with the much higher rate, with increasing speed.



129

00:12:41,590 --> 00:12:44,310

So your power is also reducing that.



130

00:12:44,350 --> 00:12:45,710

This is the constant power.



131

00:12:46,090 --> 00:12:47,470

This is the constant thought.



132

00:12:47,740 --> 00:12:51,610

And yet motor power is reducing what is meaning of power is reducing.



133

00:12:51,820 --> 00:12:58,750

And currently still Castanza throughout this all point, the maximum current is still constant during



134

00:12:58,750 --> 00:12:59,320

the 20.



135

00:13:00,040 --> 00:13:04,060

So it is also doing 20 for this reason.



136

00:13:04,060 --> 00:13:08,810

It is also doing 20 NPF during this operation and also doing 20.



137

00:13:09,220 --> 00:13:10,390

For this reason.



138

00:13:10,900 --> 00:13:16,510

But yet the output power is reduced.



139

00:13:16,510 --> 00:13:23,470

So you can see the motor is doing the same amount of current output.



140

00:13:23,470 --> 00:13:26,230

Mechanical power is getting reduced.



141

00:13:28,610 --> 00:13:31,850

We are more interested in this vision.



142

00:13:33,010 --> 00:13:41,020

Now, if you recall the fourth characteristic of the icy engine and compared with the top speed characteristic



143

00:13:41,020 --> 00:13:47,440

of the motor, then we can have idea in its engine we required the gear arrangement and the force that



144

00:13:47,440 --> 00:13:55,630

can be produced back and forth that can be produced at a certain speed is in go and it is reducing with



145

00:13:55,630 --> 00:13:56,530

the speed.



146

00:13:56,960 --> 00:14:05,040

If you recall then it was something like this is for first gear or second gear or target.



147

00:14:06,010 --> 00:14:06,340

So.



148

00:14:08,110 --> 00:14:10,210

That's the limitation.



149

00:14:15,830 --> 00:14:19,250

And now if we draw that.



150

00:14:20,410 --> 00:14:29,290

Lower characters are the top characteristic of the electric vehicle or vehicle load.



151

00:14:29,680 --> 00:14:38,920

So if you recall, that white driver can draw something like this and if we call this the dark, that



152

00:14:38,920 --> 00:14:40,940

will represent lower thought.



153

00:14:41,350 --> 00:14:48,960

So what are the lower court is opposing or due to the mainly drink caution and empathy?



154

00:14:49,630 --> 00:14:56,570

And this is the thought developed by the electric motor.



155

00:14:57,280 --> 00:15:03,820

So at a certain amount of speed, we required the minimum amount of thought and a certain amount of



156

00:15:03,820 --> 00:15:08,410

speed, the motor capability that can be developed, some amount of thought.



157

00:15:10,480 --> 00:15:18,460

So if we consider these two characteristics and if we supplied the motor directly with the full current,



158

00:15:18,460 --> 00:15:20,170

that means maximum current.



159

00:15:20,350 --> 00:15:21,290

That is limited.



160

00:15:21,590 --> 00:15:23,950

So what will happen at this speed?



161

00:15:24,250 --> 00:15:32,350

Our law or vehicle demand 13 million out of torque, but the total deadlock by the motor is too much



162

00:15:32,350 --> 00:15:36,010

higher than what is demanded at certain speed.



163

00:15:36,490 --> 00:15:40,810

So whatever the result, the thought developed by the motor is too large.



164

00:15:40,810 --> 00:15:49,210

Then motor speed will increase with very high rate of rise in speed and a speed increases.



165

00:15:49,210 --> 00:15:51,420

That means both motors.



166

00:15:51,430 --> 00:15:56,450

After that, the vehicles of speed will increase and this difference will reduce.



167

00:15:56,830 --> 00:16:06,460

So if when the speed is reaching toward this intersection point, as long as speed is reaching this



168

00:16:06,460 --> 00:16:09,990

point, you can see the difference is getting reducing here.



169

00:16:10,390 --> 00:16:22,110

And if we consider this point a pause at this point of intersection, the dark by the motor and are



170

00:16:22,240 --> 00:16:28,780

required by the law, the difference is less with compared to starting, and that means the rate of



171

00:16:28,780 --> 00:16:30,880

radar speed will reduce.



172

00:16:30,880 --> 00:16:32,440

But still speed is increasing.



173

00:16:32,440 --> 00:16:35,170

Only the rate of increasing will reduce.



174

00:16:35,590 --> 00:16:39,820

And when it's come to this point, we will have the steady state speed.



175

00:16:40,210 --> 00:16:42,220

And for this.



176

00:16:43,630 --> 00:16:44,780

Amount of currency.



177

00:16:44,800 --> 00:16:53,020

When we applied the maximum current to the Märta, then we will achieve this maximum speed for this



178

00:16:53,020 --> 00:16:55,210

vehicle that this is how we can.



179

00:16:57,340 --> 00:17:06,040

Use the lower characteristic that Mr. characteristic of vehicle and characteristic of motor to understand



180

00:17:06,520 --> 00:17:10,750

the performance of the vehicle in terms of maximum speed.



181

00:17:11,710 --> 00:17:17,260

Now, if we further discuss about the.



182

00:17:19,240 --> 00:17:20,170

How can we?



183

00:17:21,900 --> 00:17:22,440

Jane.



184

00:17:23,440 --> 00:17:30,160

The current limit and how the markets will behave in speed control, so we need to understand, if we



185

00:17:30,160 --> 00:17:39,460

consider the reduction in current limit so much to spare control, then we will have the next characteristic



186

00:17:39,460 --> 00:17:41,800

with the reduced current, something like this.



187

00:17:42,870 --> 00:17:52,380

So in this case, if we apply the less current, then we will have this operating point and reduce speed.



188

00:17:53,010 --> 00:17:57,900

Now, if we further reduced the current.



189

00:17:59,000 --> 00:18:07,040

And we can have the intersection point and now you can have idea how the speed control can be possible



190

00:18:07,640 --> 00:18:12,290

by controlling the current voltage of the motor.



191

00:18:14,490 --> 00:18:20,250

The characteristic vary slightly, according to the different models in somewhat of to square up the



192

00:18:20,250 --> 00:18:26,380

current somewhat comparable to the current, and there is also nonlinear relation between the start



193

00:18:26,730 --> 00:18:29,970

up and supply voltage for 13 models.



194

00:18:31,380 --> 00:18:42,510

So we need to understand how we can have the best control by controlling the parameters that govern



195

00:18:42,510 --> 00:18:45,900

the speed characteristic of electric motor.



196

00:18:47,220 --> 00:18:50,370

So you got an idea about what is.



197

00:18:52,720 --> 00:18:59,590

Characteristic of electric motor, what is load characteristics of a vehicle and how we can combine



198

00:18:59,590 --> 00:19:01,090

these two to.



199

00:19:02,040 --> 00:19:09,360

Analyze the behavior of the vehicle when it is supplied by the electric motor.