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Welcome to part one of this module.

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This first video is going to be covering the basics of virtual private servers which have been mentioned

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many times over the course of this class.

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A virtual private server or CPS is a virtual machine sold as a service by an Internet hosting service.

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Another way to think about it is to say that a regular server is running several virtual systems at

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once and you're renting one of these for your own purposes.

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This tends to be a lot cheaper and less technically involved than running your own full blown server.

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But why would a penetration tester or even a black hat hacker choose to do this.

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Well the ability to have either a virtual server or a full server running at all times can be quite

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handy.

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And oftentimes these don't require a lot of power to black cats frequently use virtual private servers

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run by so-called bullet proof hosts as a command and control center for malware bought nets just as

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one example.

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Since the IP address that an infected computer connects to can be easily traced.

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This gives the black hat a degree of anonymity provided that there is no way to determine who is renting

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the service in question.

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When I use the phrase bullet proof hosting I am speaking of servers or virtual private servers in the

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case of this tutorial that are located in parts of the world that are shall we say unfriendly to inquiries

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from the penetration testers country of origin.

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In other words an American Black Hat might anonymously purchase a VPN in let's say Russia using some

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form of cryptocurrency or other anonymous payment method.

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It is unlikely that the Russian government will respond to demands to either shut the service down or

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share information about it provided that the blackout in question isn't using it against Russia.

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Now as lawful pen testers we need to be aware of this so that we can defend against it because this

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is the sort of tactic that is really going to allow attackers a lot of leeway in which to operate.

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Another scenario imagine that we purchase a VPN anonymously and then provision it with Cally or some

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other penetration testing distribution.

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Ideally you'd probably start with some base flavor of Linux and then build your own penetration testing

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operating system based on your particular needs installing tools as you require them.

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In this video we're going to see exactly that.

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We will be looking at a virtual private server which is running Cally Linux on it.

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Now obviously we won't be doing anything illegal here but a less ethical individual could set up such

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a VPN anonymously connect to it anonymously and then run attacks that originate from that remote server

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not their home computer.

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If the VPN does not keep logs and is quote unquote bullet proof and if the black head in question is

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connecting to it safely and anonymously at all times ideally from a connection not associated with their

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personal identity then attribution becomes almost impossible.

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All right enough preamble but before we begin.

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One very quick disclaimer I purchased the VPN ask that you are about to see used as a demonstration

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from a European provider.

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Now obviously I intend to use it only for legal and ethical reasons as I'm sure you will.

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Therefore ensuring that the provider was bullet proof was not a priority for this demonstration.

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I am not advocating the specific service that you're about to see one cloud hosting.

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It is adequate for the purposes of this class but whether or not it is the right choice for your privacy

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needs is something only to think long and hard about.

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There are a great many choices out there and some research on your part is going to be necessary.

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I will speak more on the subject of bullet proof hosting and how to find it a bit later for right now.

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Here we have the client web interface for the CPS itself.

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I have to say that every service out there has a slightly different console and some are a bit more

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straightforward than others.

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We can see here at the top of the screen the VPN Veep's host name.

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I chose to name mine tutorial dot Kali dot com.

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We have the IP address which will need to copy when it comes time to connect and we have the name servers

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a little later will walk through how to set all this up our operating system.

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In this case is Carly a flavor of Gnome or genome however you choose to pronounce it.

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The server is presently off line and we have basic power options such as powering off the G.P.S. restarting

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it from a powered on state and of course starting and stopping it.

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Now I do have to say that most providers do not offer Carly or another penetration testing distribution

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as an option but don't let that perturb you Debian is a very common choice and it is very easy to convert

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the base Debian into Cali in any number of ways as we'll see demonstrated a little later in this module.

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Most of these options that we are seeing are pretty self-explanatory and we can see that the server

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is currently off line and by the way I don't plan to keep the server so please don't experiment using

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the IP address as it will no longer be mine by the time you watch this video.

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All right now below we have our VPN management panel.

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As I said the look and feel of this panel is going to differ from service to service but the basics

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are generally the same.

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Some of these options as I said are self-explanatory like the change password option we can check logs

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and it is important to note that this particular service does in fact keep logs.

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We can schedule the G.P.S. to self shut down or any other tasks we want it to perform at particular

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times.

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We can also reinstall the operating system if we aren't happy with Carly usually to any other OS being

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offered by the service provider we can install applications into rescue mode if we run into trouble.

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OK.

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The options we are most concerned with here are our connection methods.

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We'll be using the most basic and straightforward for this demonstration and then is going to be no

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machine but we can SSA to write in or use a VPN see if we prefer no machine is free and we're going

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to need to download that so let's do that now.

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The download is going to be pretty straightforward.

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There's nothing special about the installation process.

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However you will want to make sure that no machine is white listed by your Windows firewall.

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If you're using Windows simply click download run the installer and follow the prompts.

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It's very straightforward.

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So the first thing we're going to do is we're going to turn on our server by clicking the play button

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again the interface may vary depending on your service and this may take a minute to load.

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Now you can just leave your server running all the time and I'm sure most of you will do that.

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It's not always a good idea okay.

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Here we are online and now we're gonna go ahead and we've installed no machine so we're going to launch

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it.

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No machine is pretty straightforward.

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These bottom two buttons allow you to toggle full screen mode for the moment.

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I'm going to leave it windowed click continue when you've made your selection.

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As you can see I already have a connection created.

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But if this is your first time you'll simply click new.

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Leave it on the annex protocol click continue for the host We're going to give it the IP address of

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our server which we copied from the panel.

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This usually is located on your control panel.

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Sometimes some services will send you the IP address only via your account acceptance email so you may

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have to look around for it a little bit.

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We'll leave the port as 4000 unless you set up a private key or use Kirby Ross select password and click

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continue.

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We also have the option of connecting via a proxy.

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In this case we're just going to select no proxy.

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Click continue and we can name our connection.

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You can name it whatever you wish.

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Click Done.

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Select the connection and question and click.

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Connect now we'll be prompted to provide our user name and password.

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Once you've done this supplied your credentials click the OK button.

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No machine is telling us about its screen settings.

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This is very much like virtual box.

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So if you are in full screen mode and you wish to access these buttons at any time you can use control

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alt 0 or you can go up to the right hand corner of the screen which should cause these little tab buttons

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to appear.

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Click OK and you can read through this if you want to.

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This is all pretty straightforward and not relevant to what we're doing right now.

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You have the option to leave the menu panel displayed as a window.

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I'm going to choose to do so.

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If you find it irritating you can turn it off.

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And finally no machine will usually resize your screen because I'm not in full screen mode.

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The aspect ratio here isn't going to be absolutely perfect you're going to see a few black bars.

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Now when you do choose full screen your virtual machines should automatically size to the no machine

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window.

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I do apologize for not doing that but it tends to slow things down quite a bit when I'm recording and

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it's not really necessary for interacting with your virtual private server.

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So when you're ready click OK.

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Pretty simple.

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And we're connected.

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This works exactly like virtual box Cally.

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We supply our user name which is going to be root in almost all cases.

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And for our password it would normally be Tor.

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But when we set up our our account will be asked to supply a password for the operating system.

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So go ahead and supply your password.

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Now it probably won't be tor unless you specifically set it up to be Tor and then click sign in.

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Once you've entered your password click sign in.

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And here we can see we're connected and I'm not going to update no machine right now.

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And the aspect ratio as I said will correct itself when you choose full screen mode so here we are.

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And this is basically Cally Linux exactly as it would be if you were running it inside a virtual environment

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and you are in fact running it in a virtual environment.

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It's just a remote one.

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So everything works exactly the same.

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We can open up our terminal.

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We can and should do act get updates and act get upgrade.

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But in most cases when you first install the operating system it will be fully updated and upgraded

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already.

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So that is something to keep in mind.

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And once updated the sky's the limit in terms of what you can do here.

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You could hypothetically speaking connect to this P.S. using proxy chains and Tor or a VPN then run

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proxy chains and Tor on this server to connect remotely and lawfully for penetration testing against

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yet another server you could upload the command and control server for a botnet and then bots on computers

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that you personally own can connect to it and you can interact with them assuming that that's legal

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in your particular area of the world you could store sensitive files that you do not want on your personal

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computer or even experiment with potentially dangerous virus programs just like you could in a regular

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old virtual box content to the knowledge that you can always reset the server.

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Now provided that the host is trustworthy and that proper operational security is maintained on your

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end the degree of anonymity here is extremely high.

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OK so we'll see a bit more possible uses and ways to connect to this a little later.

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But for right now how do we set it up.

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As you can see it was not hard to connect once we have a server.

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But how do we get a server.

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OK a disconnect from no machine.

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And I'm going to go ahead I'm going to shut down the server the PBS has been powered off and I'm going

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to go ahead and log out of the client area.

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OK I'm logged out so once again in the service that I'm using for this demonstration is one host cloud.

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I want to be really clear that I'm not advocating this particular service but I am going to walk through

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the process of signing up because signing up and setting up are really the same thing.

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It won't be exactly identical with another service but the overall thrust of it should be the same.

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A sign of a good CPS is that it will present you with a comprehensible method of setting up and connecting

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to it once the server is up and running.

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Usually it will give multiple methods if it doesn't.

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You may want to consider using a different one.

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So we're going to go to products in this case and this service offers Cally Linux CPS hosting back box

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parent security Tor hidden services.

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Most services will just be VPN hosting and then you would select from whatever selection of operating

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systems that they have available.

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In this case I'm going to click Cally we're going to scroll down to their pricing plan and we'll select

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an appropriate plan.

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Again every VPN is different but there are a couple of things you want to look at the 14 dollar a month

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plan.

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In this case gives us a server with one core two gigabytes of EDC memory 50 gigabytes of SSD storage

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a 100 megabit port.

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And it guarantees SS age and console access access no machine remote desktop and the cloud dashboard

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are going to be some services will offer them and some won't.

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So that's something to think about.

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Pretty much all VPN services should offer some kind of a dashboard.

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That is the page we saw a moment ago that allows you to control a server.

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Sadly not all such dashboards are created equal.

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And before you drop a lot of money on any service I recommend trying it on the cheap first and making

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sure it offers you what you need.

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Also pay close attention to what connection methods are actually supported.

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At what price point.

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Like I said some services do not offer no machine which may limit you to SSD age.

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Some even seem to lack comprehensible console access.

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So it really comes down to what service you're using the question of how much power you need is also

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up to you.

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Every service pretty much works this way in terms of cost where the cheaper you get the less Ram and

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the less storage you are afforded.

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It just depends on what you need.

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Hopefully you have some idea of what you want to do with your VPN before you purchase it.

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And once again there are different monthly offerings here.

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Notice that it says 500 hours per month.

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That is another thing you want to watch out for.

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Some providers offer unlimited runtime per month.

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Others will make you pay extra.

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This one makes you pay extra bandwidth may also be a consideration so once we've got our billing plans

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selected we'll need to give a host name.

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In this case I'm going to use demo DOT KELLY dot com.

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Yours can be anything you wish.

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The root password is going to be the root password for the Cally operating system.

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It is not your account password so please don't get those confused.

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In this case I'm just going to go with Tor I'm not really signing up but you'll want to go with something

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very secure for the name server.

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You can really put anything here and this one and as to that will suffice.

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This really only applies to normal VPN machines.

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You can also alter your DNS plan if you wish and below and the drag down menu we have the various operating

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systems that are being offered here.

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Now in this case this particular service separates pen testing CPS from regular ordinary run of the

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mill VPN is the service that you look at may not do that.

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Generally speaking you'll have a choice between various flavors of Linux.

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Sometimes a security oriented operating system will be offered usually not.

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I find that although Windows systems are available they tend to run a little bit more expensive.

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In other case we're being offered the choice of Cali X FC Cali no more genome.

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However you pronounce it blackbox and parents security genome is the version of Cali that we are most

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familiar with.

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Visually speaking it is worth pointing out that except C is slightly faster in terms of its overall

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performance with no machine.

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There is some latency when you use no machine and a few other connection methods.

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So this may be preferred.

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I prefer genome.

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This choice is not irrevocable.

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We can reinstall the operating system at any time although doing so will obviously wipe any data we

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have stored on the server.

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And finally we want to note the fact that this particular service does not come with unlimited hours.

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That costs extra.

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So if you want that you would simply click this when you've made your selections click Continue.

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Sometimes a VPN will offer a promo code for its longtime users.

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If you have one this is where you enter it.

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Click checkout and this is where you would enter your payment information.

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But if we scroll down here this is also where you enter your account information.

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And it is this password here that will allow you to log into your VPN server console through the client

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area of the web page.

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So it's important to keep both your passwords in mind and separate.

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Now again if anonymity is a consideration you're going to want to pay with cryptocurrency or some other

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safe method not with a credit card.

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Some services let you do this and some don't.

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Most do.

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This is another consideration when choosing a VPN yes.

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If you can pay with a gift card purchased with cash a cryptocurrency some other payment method great

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otherwise you might want to pass depending on your security and anonymity needs.

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Once you purchase a VPN.

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It may take some time for it to be provisioned depending on the service provider.

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Some providers are a little slower than others.

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Anything more than 48 hours is quite unreasonable.

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In general it should take only a few hours to get you up and running and that is about it in terms of

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the subscribing and setting up process for the server.

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As I said the exact process might be slightly different with another provider like for example digital

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ocean.

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But these are broad strokes of how it can be done.

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You'll almost always have a dashboard console of some kind that lets you control the server from a web

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browser and access your account.

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Only the options being offered tend to vary from service to service in the next video we'll look at

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more ways of interacting with our virtual private server.

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Some fun things we can do with it and we'll also talk about finding what I was calling bullet proof

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hosting.

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And as always please only use the information shown in these videos in a lawful manner.

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And remember that although we are looking at how black hats operate we do so from a perspective of defending

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against such mischief when it is employed against our own computers and servers.

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Please also be conscious not only of the law as it pertains to your country but also the laws of the

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countries where your VPN is located in this demonstration.

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I am based out of the United States subscribing to a company which is based out of the United Kingdom

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and the server itself is located in France.

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What is legal in one jurisdiction may not be illegal in another.

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So please be very careful when you experiment with a VPN to avoid breaking any laws accidentally.

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Thank you for your attention.