WEBVTT 00:00.420 --> 00:01.800 Now let's start with Linux. 00:02.010 --> 00:03.090 Directory structure. 00:05.400 --> 00:11.490 Now, as you can see from this image, actually, we this is the Linux directory structure. 00:11.520 --> 00:14.730 So this is like a tree and. 00:15.590 --> 00:21.770 From here you can see that we are starting from the slash here slash, which means the root directory, 00:21.770 --> 00:23.810 which is where everything starts. 00:24.290 --> 00:26.700 Now we can start from the bin. 00:26.720 --> 00:31.790 Now you can see slash bin, which means that bin directory inside the root directory and by the way, 00:31.790 --> 00:33.900 the bin here is for the user binaries. 00:33.920 --> 00:36.560 We have the bin for the system binaries. 00:36.560 --> 00:38.780 We have the ETSI configuration files. 00:38.810 --> 00:43.580 Don't worry, we will talk about each one of them in details as low level details. 00:43.580 --> 00:44.690 Everything you need. 00:45.110 --> 00:46.900 It will be handled in this lecture. 00:46.910 --> 00:47.660 No worries. 00:47.990 --> 00:49.940 We have the for device files. 00:49.940 --> 00:54.320 We have the PROC for the process or the proc for the process information. 00:54.320 --> 00:58.670 We have the VAR for the variables files. 00:58.670 --> 01:04.420 We have the temp temporarily files slash user for user programs, home for the home directories. 01:04.430 --> 01:06.110 This is for the users. 01:06.110 --> 01:12.590 The home director of the users, the put the boot, the bootloader files, the lib system libraries 01:12.590 --> 01:21.250 opt to operate optional add on apps and for the mount directory media for removable devices like USB, 01:21.260 --> 01:22.730 VCD, etc. etc.. 01:23.180 --> 01:31.640 Back then, floppy if if you are aware of this, it was an old storage media and as our V for the service 01:31.640 --> 01:32.800 data OC. 01:32.810 --> 01:34.420 Now let's start one by one. 01:34.430 --> 01:36.890 First, let's start with the root or the slash. 01:38.670 --> 01:42.690 Now every single file and directory starts from the root directory. 01:42.730 --> 01:46.050 Only root user has the right privilege under this directory. 01:47.050 --> 01:53.350 And please note that the root is the root user home directory, which is not the same as Slash. 01:53.350 --> 01:58.630 So we have actually two places don't release didn't get confused. 01:58.630 --> 02:07.720 So we have the slash alone, which means the root directory of the all of the system files as we mentioned 02:08.020 --> 02:08.620 before. 02:08.620 --> 02:11.920 And we have the slash root if we return back here. 02:11.920 --> 02:19.330 Actually, actually, I didn't put it here because it is not important that much necessarily, but actually 02:19.330 --> 02:22.480 I should have put it here, which is the slash root. 02:22.810 --> 02:27.130 So it should be one of these slash root, which is the home directory of the root user. 02:27.790 --> 02:29.890 Don't worry, we will handle that in details. 02:30.190 --> 02:30.710 Okay. 02:31.390 --> 02:40.870 So the slash root is not the same as the slash slash root is the home directory of the root user and 02:40.870 --> 02:47.140 slash is the root directory of all of the files and and data of the system OC. 02:48.350 --> 02:48.890 Cool. 02:49.010 --> 02:52.100 Now let's start with the bill or the user binaries. 02:52.790 --> 02:54.920 It contains the binary executables. 02:55.400 --> 03:00.440 Common Linux commands you need to use in a single user mode are located under this directory. 03:00.980 --> 03:04.910 Command used by all the user of the system are located here as well. 03:04.910 --> 03:14.270 So for example the PS command ls being grep CP for the copy and etc. etc. oc the esp in the system binaries. 03:15.570 --> 03:22.230 Just like the bin there has been also contains binary executables, but the Linux commands located under 03:22.230 --> 03:27.840 this directory are used typically by the system administrator for system maintenance purposes. 03:28.630 --> 03:37.150 And for example, IP tables reboot f desc i have config as weapon and answer on. 03:38.930 --> 03:41.190 Now let's start with the ATC. 03:41.210 --> 03:42.800 The configuration files. 03:43.840 --> 03:47.530 This contains configuration files required by all the programs. 03:47.560 --> 03:54.490 This also contains startup and shut down shell scripts used to start stop individual programs, for 03:54.490 --> 03:54.970 example. 03:55.000 --> 03:56.500 ATC resolve the conf. 03:56.650 --> 03:59.050 ATC log rotated conf. 03:59.050 --> 04:00.130 And we have that. 04:00.130 --> 04:03.180 If you install engine x, you will find it here. 04:03.190 --> 04:10.840 If you install Apache, you will find it here, MySQL, PostgreSQL, etc. etc. This is the configuration 04:10.840 --> 04:12.580 files for specific programs. 04:14.890 --> 04:21.640 Notice that with the diff the diff devices or device files this contain device files. 04:21.670 --> 04:26.170 These include terminal device, USB or any device attached to the system. 04:26.500 --> 04:28.330 For example, if t. 04:28.360 --> 04:28.960 Y. 04:29.910 --> 04:34.140 DIF tt y which is the tili type or type one oc. 04:34.650 --> 04:40.380 Don't worry, we will talk about this later on in this course, the USB one zero. 04:40.470 --> 04:41.760 These are examples. 04:43.360 --> 04:46.360 Now the PROC or the process information. 04:46.660 --> 04:49.330 This contains information about system process. 04:49.660 --> 04:53.680 This is a pseudo file system, contains information about running process. 04:53.680 --> 04:56.350 For example, slash proc pid. 04:56.380 --> 05:02.620 The process identifier directory contains information about the process with that particular ID. 05:02.620 --> 05:08.380 So for example, you are running a specific service or specific process with with PID. 05:08.650 --> 05:16.960 Every information or pseudo information will be found here OC and under the PROC slash the PID, for 05:16.960 --> 05:25.000 example, 900 you if you go to the 900, you will find that all the information about this specific 05:25.000 --> 05:30.820 process, this is a virtual file system with the text information about system resources. 05:30.820 --> 05:35.020 So for example, the proc up time, this is one of the processes. 05:36.160 --> 05:39.250 Now let's start with the VAR or variable files. 05:41.270 --> 05:43.130 What stands for variable files. 05:43.400 --> 05:48.230 The content of the files that are expected to grow can be found under this directory. 05:48.650 --> 05:50.690 So this includes system log files. 05:50.930 --> 05:58.790 So for example, slash for log packages and database files slash, var lib emails slash, var email 05:58.820 --> 06:06.410 print queue slash, var a spool log files for example, slash var lock temp files needed across reboots, 06:06.410 --> 06:08.120 slash for temp and so on. 06:10.150 --> 06:13.000 Now let's start with the temp or temporary files. 06:13.770 --> 06:17.580 Directory that contains temporary files created by system and users. 06:19.010 --> 06:24.110 The files under this directory are deleted when system is rebooted because this is a temporary after 06:24.110 --> 06:24.440 all. 06:25.790 --> 06:32.510 The less user or user programs it contains binary libraries, documentation and source code for second 06:32.510 --> 06:33.520 level programs. 06:33.530 --> 06:37.490 So for example, slash user bin contains binary files for user program. 06:37.490 --> 06:42.410 If you cannot find a user binary under slash bin, look under the slash user pin. 06:42.410 --> 06:45.680 For example, for example, let's see at. 06:46.510 --> 06:56.870 The UK the command for a CC less ACP or if that would be most likely will be located under this directory. 06:56.870 --> 07:02.540 So the slash user spin also contains binary files for system administrators. 07:03.270 --> 07:10.290 So for example, if you cannot find a system binary under Aspen, look under the user Aspen for example 07:10.290 --> 07:16.080 again eight D Crown SSD, the user add command user command. 07:18.620 --> 07:25.160 So to continue user lib contains libraries as well for the user and user Aspen. 07:26.030 --> 07:30.670 And they use the local contents, users programs that you install from the source. 07:30.680 --> 07:36.530 So for example, when you install Apache from source, it goes under the slash user local Apache tool. 07:37.100 --> 07:42.290 So again, the slash user here it is for the user programs and it is under it. 07:42.290 --> 07:48.440 You can find user lib, user bean, user, local user s-pen and so on. 07:49.310 --> 07:55.670 The Home directory slash home, this is the home directory of all users to store their personal files. 07:55.820 --> 07:57.980 So for example, we have user called John. 07:57.980 --> 08:04.520 It will be slash home slash John again Nikita, slash home Nikita and so on. 08:05.300 --> 08:07.310 The personal files of this. 08:08.010 --> 08:12.610 Users will be here and at the home, the same as we mentioned before the route. 08:12.630 --> 08:14.490 It will not be slash home route. 08:14.520 --> 08:19.320 No, it will be slash route directly because this is the route user, after all. 08:19.320 --> 08:23.070 It will it should be separated between the regular users. 08:23.070 --> 08:23.670 Right. 08:24.730 --> 08:27.070 Slash boot or bootloader files. 08:27.580 --> 08:30.010 It contains bootloader related files. 08:30.340 --> 08:36.670 Kernel in it aadi vm linux grub files are located under the slash boot. 08:36.880 --> 08:41.680 For example, in the image dash 2.6, etc. etc. generic. 08:41.980 --> 08:49.570 This is one of of the files that needed for the bootloader and another file is VM, Linux, etc. etc. 08:49.570 --> 08:49.930 generic. 08:50.170 --> 08:51.010 This is the version. 08:51.010 --> 08:51.850 It doesn't matter. 08:52.480 --> 08:55.570 For now it is just an example. 08:57.240 --> 08:59.820 So these are files very important for the bootloader. 08:59.820 --> 09:02.430 So it will be located under the slash boot. 09:04.640 --> 09:06.920 Leslie or the system libraries. 09:07.460 --> 09:12.200 This contains files that support the binary located under Ben and Espin. 09:13.060 --> 09:13.630 Libraries. 09:13.630 --> 09:17.100 Fights are either the star or lip store. 09:17.740 --> 09:22.050 The US all star, etc. for example LDE to point, etc. etc.. 09:22.300 --> 09:27.340 So lib causes that as all 5.7, etc. etc.. 09:27.340 --> 09:28.990 These are just another examples. 09:30.670 --> 09:33.340 The opt or optional add on applications. 09:33.520 --> 09:40.390 So OPT stands for optional content add on application for individuals Windows add on applications should 09:40.390 --> 09:43.540 be installed under either opt or opt subdirectory. 09:44.200 --> 09:53.170 So anything inside the the empty or mount directory temporary mount directory where a system administrator 09:53.170 --> 10:00.700 can mount file system OC So you want to mount a specific path system network file system OC. 10:02.610 --> 10:07.140 You will most likely mount it here by default unless you want it another place. 10:08.050 --> 10:10.740 The slash media, the removable media devices. 10:11.080 --> 10:11.680 Temporary. 10:11.680 --> 10:15.460 This is a temporary mount directory for removable devices. 10:15.460 --> 10:20.790 So for example slash media CD rom this is for the CD-ROM media floppy for the floppy drives. 10:20.800 --> 10:23.980 If you recall this, this actually is a very old one. 10:24.220 --> 10:25.420 They are not exist anymore. 10:25.420 --> 10:29.290 Actually the CD rom is not exist anymore, but some are still using it. 10:29.290 --> 10:32.560 Media CD recorder for CD writer and so on. 10:34.230 --> 10:36.180 The Army or service data. 10:37.120 --> 10:42.250 As it stands for service, it contains server specific services related data. 10:42.250 --> 10:48.370 So for example, such as r v c f s contains c s related data. 10:48.550 --> 10:49.930 OC Thanks for watching.