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Hello.

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The beautiful people know at the end of the last video, I gave you a little bit of a teaser about something

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called aliases.

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Now, aliases are basically little nicknames for your commands or for your command pipelines that make

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them a lot easier to remember.

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Now, in this video, you're going to be learning how to create your very own command aliases.

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So very exciting.

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Now, in this video, I'm going to walk you through step by step, everything you need to do to create

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your own command aliases.

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And by the end of the video, you should have all the skills that you need in order to create easy to

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remember nicknames for your pipelines so that once you've written them, no matter how complicated they

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are, you can just use them over and over and over again without typing them all out, just using instead

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the easy to remember nickname.

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So this is super cool stuff and let's go ahead and jump right into it.

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Okay.

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So the first thing you need to do to start creating your own command aliases is to create a special

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file called Bash Aliases in your home folder.

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So to do that, to create the file, what we want to do is we want to click on activities at the top

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left and then in the search bar here, just type the word text.

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And it should come up with a thing that says Here, Text editor, just click on that and it will open

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up a new window where we've actually got a file.

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Now there's a button at the top here where you can click that says Save.

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So I'm going to click Save and in my home folder I'm going to type a file that starts that.

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It needs to be spelled exactly the way that I'm going to tell you.

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So first of all, you type a period or full stop, then you type bash base all in lowercase, then an

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underscore, then aliases.

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So s okay, so that's bash underscore aliases with a period or full stop at the beginning, everything

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in lowercase and then go ahead and hit save.

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Okay so now we have our bash aliases file and actually I don't think for the for the minute we'll need

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the terminal.

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So I'm just going to close that as well.

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So make sure it is spelt exactly as it is up here.

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Full stop then bash underscore aliases, aliases, everything in lowercase.

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And once you've got that, we should be all good to go.

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So now you might be wondering why did we actually need to name the file with a full stop at the beginning?

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That's quite strange.

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We don't normally name files like that, do we?

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Well, that full stop makes the file a special type of file called a Hidden File.

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So if we go back into the file browser here and we look at our home folder, you'll see that the bash

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aliases file isn't actually there.

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Oh, where has it gone?

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Well, it's a hidden file, so it's kind of hidden.

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But where it actually is, if you click on this button here with the three bars, if you click that

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and then click on down here, there'll be a checkbox that says Show Hidden Files.

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If we check that, we'll be able to see that our Bash Aliases file has been created.

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But there are actually also plenty of other plenty of other hidden files here that we hadn't seen before.

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But here we are.

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Here's our bash alias file that we're currently editing as well as actually even some hidden folders

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that maybe you didn't even know were sneaking around your system.

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But anyway, we don't need to worry about those for now.

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Let's just go ahead and click those three bars again and undo viewing hidden file so it all disappears

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again.

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So we don't have to continue looking at monsters under our bed and now we can go ahead and actually

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keep editing the bash alias file.

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Okay.

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So now that we're in our batch alias file, making an alias is actually really quite easy.

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So here's the command that we want to make an alias for.

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It's going to be a really long command with loads of complicated stuff in it.

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But we can do this, okay?

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It's there's nothing new.

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It's just quite it's just quite long.

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So we're going to type the date command.

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We're going to pass that into the cut command.

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We've seen this a bajillion times, right?

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We're going to tell it that the delimiter is a space and we're going to get the first field.

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Now, we also want to have a copy of that data.

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We want to take a snapshot.

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So we're going to take the T command and save that in a file in our home folder called full date txt.

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Okay.

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So we're doing well so far.

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Then we're going to take a snapshot of just the day of the week.

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We're going to save that in our home folder in a file called Short Date txt.

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And then everything that comes out, we're going to pass into the echo command, but also give the echo

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command its own argument.

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Whew, that's quite a long command.

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Right?

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So we're doing a lot of stuff in here.

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But the point is that it's long because then you can see how useful aliases are, right?

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So the only thing to make it work for your computer is instead of having Ziad Well, unless in the one

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in a bajillion chance that your name is also Ziad and you chose it to be your username on your virtual

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machine, which I think is unlikely.

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But if you are, send me a message, but otherwise just go ahead and change that with your username

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so that it matches the correct path on your computer.

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Otherwise you're going to start getting errors.

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Okay, so just if you, if your username was, you know, Sally, just change it to be Sally, but mine

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was Ziad, so I'll keep it at that.

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Okay.

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So this is the command that we want now to make an alias for it.

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Let's say, for example, we wanted to instead of typing out this massive command every time we wanted

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to do it, instead of just typing out that, what if we wanted to just type, get dates and that was

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going to be our alias?

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Well, all we have to do is just type the word alias, which is a special word.

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Then press a space, then get dates.

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An equal sign and then an apostrophe on either side of that command.

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So you can see there's an apostrophe here and there's an apostrophe here.

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So like a single quote on either side of the whole massive command, then alias at the beginning, the

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name of the alias and equals sign and then quotes on either side of the massive command.

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So what we're saying is, Hey, I want to make an alias called Get Dates.

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That is exactly equal to this command.

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Now when we save it and close it, so we need to close the the editor.

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So we go, we click on these three, these three bars over here, click close OC and close.

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All of this in general, I think let me just drag that down and close.

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Now, when we open our terminal, when we reboot our terminal, that alias should be loaded.

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Okay.

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So I want you to think of these aliases as being like your own commands.

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So if we try and run the get dates command, shall we call it?

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If we go ahead and press enter remembering that get dates was the name of our alias we actually get

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some output, so that's pretty cool.

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Now if we go ahead and look in our in our home folder, we'll also see that two new files have been

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created.

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So we've got full dates and short dates.

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So let's go ahead and take a look in full data.

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TXT We've actually gone and got the full date.

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All the data has been passed into that and short date dot txt has had just the day of the week passed

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in.

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Isn't that awesome?

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Okay.

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Because this has come from the alias.

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If I delete those and go ahead and run the get dates command again, we see that the files have been

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created one more time with the same data in them.

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So this is super cool, right?

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Like instead of typing out that really really really long alias, that really, really long command,

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every time we wanted to get that functionality because we've created an alias and basically given a

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cute nickname to the command get dates instead of the massive pipeline, we can now get the same functionality

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but in a much easier to remember way and a way that's actually easy to reproduce.

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So that's really awesome.

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But now let me show you something super cool.

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You can actually also use aliases in bigger pipelines, so think of your alias as just being its own

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pipeline, right?

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If your alias if that mini pipeline that you save can accept standard input, if the first command in

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it can accept standard input, then you can just pipe to the alias and run the whole pipeline and then

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pipe out of the alias and continue on.

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It's like having your own little pipeline building block so let me show you.

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Okay.

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Let's say that we wanted to have an alias for our command that showed a calendar with one month before

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and one month after the current month.

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So the command for that would be KAL then A one, B one.

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So after one month before one month and we get the current month with one month after and one month

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before.

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So that's the command.

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If we go and head back in here, click these three horizontal arrows, horizontal bars, sorry, and

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show hidden files.

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Click on our bash aliases file to open it up and go on to a new line in the file.

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Let's create a new alias for that command.

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So we're going to say alias.

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We're going to say cow magic, short for calendar magic, and we're going to type in equals sign.

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And then you can actually type some speech marks.

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You don't have to have the single quotes, you can have speech marks as well and we're going to type

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in their KAL.

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Then the a option, give it a number one as its own argument, then a, B, capital B, then one is

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its own argument and we're going to output that into a file in my home directory called thing txt.

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And of course remember to replace this bit with your username that you're using on your virtual machine.

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So we're going to call that cow magic.

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But the cow command here, right, the cow command only accepts command line arguments.

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You can't pipe to the cow command by default.

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So to make this a valid pipeline that you can actually this this whole cow magic thing, a valid pipeline

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that you can pipe to we need to actually put the x args command at the beginning.

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So let's just do that.

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If you don't understand what I'm doing at the minute, just bear with me, okay?

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We're just making a building block, this whole thing that we can pipe to.

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Okay, so that's what we've done right there.

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Now, whatever's going to be pipe to cow magic will actually be piped to the x args command, which

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will then convert the data from standard input, which cow doesn't accept to command line arguments,

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which cow does accept.

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And so therefore the whole pipeline will work.

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This is going to be awesome.

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Just trust me.

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Okay, let's go ahead and do this.

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Let's close.

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Let's save and close the close that close everything and close our terminal and reboot it.

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So I'm going to press control.

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Alton T Terminal about terminal.

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Now if I echo 12, 2017 into cow magic, what's going to happen is I'm going to be echoing this data

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as command line arguments to the cow magic command.

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So what we're expecting to happen is that we're expecting that we're going to get December 2017, the

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calendar for it with a month before and a month after.

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Okay, save to a file in our home directory.

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So if I press enter, we don't get any output.

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But if we go into our files here, we will see that there is a file in here called here thinks text

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that we've actually managed to save the calendars for December.

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So December 2017, one month before and one month after into a file called thing txt in our home folder.

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And the reason that happened, it's probably a lot easier to see if I actually get rid of these hidden

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files.

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No, no, I will.

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I will keep.

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Because otherwise I'll lose where I am.

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But what happened is we echoed.

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We basically passed to the X Command to piece of information, but it 12 and 2017, which were then

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given as command line arguments to the calendar command.

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So you can see how all this stuff is starting to tie together.

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Right.

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And we've made a mini pipeline called Cow Magic that will now be able to run a command whenever we want.

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So we don't have to type out this ugly thing.

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We just have to remember cow magic.

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And because we made it possible to pipe to the first command in our alias, the whole pipeline will

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work and we can just use it like a mini building block in whatever programs that we want to make.

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So how awesome is that right?

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Can you see how crazily powerful the ability to write aliases for pipelines and use those aliases in

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other pipelines can actually be right.

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The possibilities really are limitless with what you can achieve with that ability.

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So let's just leave it there.

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I'm going to leave your mind blown with that.

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And let's just go ahead and now take a summary of what we've learned about aliases.

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So that's enough being mind blown for now.

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I hope you're as excited as I am by what you've learned in this video about aliasing.

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Aliasing is an absolutely incredible ability with really limitless potential if used in the right way.

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So let's just have a quick recap to make sure that you've got it all down.

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So in this video, first of all, you learn that an alias is basically just an easy to remember nickname

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for a command or a series of commands.

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Join together in a pipeline.

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Now to create an alias, you need to first have a file called Dot Bash, underscore aliases or in lowercase

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in your home folder.

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And that's where you actually put you.

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That's the file that you actually put your aliases in.

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And these aliases, therefore, will be specific to your user.

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Now, as a bonus point, you learn that a period or full stop or a dot at the start of a file name makes

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that file hidden.

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So and you also saw how to turn on or off the visibility of hidden files in your file viewer.

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Okay.

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Now inside the bash alias file, you saw that it was actually quite easy to make an alias, right?

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This is the way that you do it.

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First you type the keyword alias all in lowercase, then you put a space and then you put the alias

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name.

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So as was get dates or it was cow magic or whatever you want to call it, that's your nickname.

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Then you put an equal sign without adding a space without a space at all between the alias and the equal

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sign you put in.

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So you just put it in equal sign immediately, then you open some quotes.

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These quotes can be either single quotes using an apostrophe or, you know, normal double quotes like

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you would use for speech marks again without any spaces, without any gaps.

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Between that and the equal sign, then you just create your pipeline or you use your command.

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Again, you can have options and command line arguments just like you normally would.

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Okay, these can go on for as long as you want now.

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As long as you make sure that you restart your terminal, you'll then have access to that alias forever.

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And as another bonus point, look at you.

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Look, you get two bonus points in this summary.

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You should be very it should be feel very spoiled.

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But as long as you make sure the first command in that alias in that pipeline can actually be piped

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to OC, then you can just pipe to the alias, pipe to the nickname, and it's as if you're piping to

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the whole pipeline.

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If I say the word pipe one more time, I'm probably going to go insane.

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But you get the point, right?

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If you make it so that your pipeline can be piped to either by using the x args command or by just using

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a normal command that can accept standard input, then instead of having to, you can basically use

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that alias, that mini pipeline as a tiny building block in some massive other pipeline that you're

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building to create a really epic bit of functionality.

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So aliases using the right way with what you've learned about piping and x args and all sorts of stuff,

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making these long pipelines is an epic, epic ability.

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So now you can build your own command pipelines and even save them for use later when you understand

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that basically anything in the Linux operating system can be modified using command line.

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You've really understood the crown jewel that makes the Linux operating system so amazing because anything

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can be edited using the command line and you know how to create these commands, how to use these commands

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and pipe them all together to do whatever you want.

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You've really got a master key there to take your computing to the next level, but in order to take

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advantage of this, all you need now are just some more building blocks to actually build your pipelines

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with, right?

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So in the next section of the course, we're actually going to be covering a whole bunch of those building

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blocks because the next section of the course is all about navigating your file system, creating a

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manipulating files, making folders, copying and pasting files, creating backups of your system,

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and so much more.

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But before we get into all that goodness, I want to make sure that you understand everything that we've

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covered in this entire section of the course first, because it's been an incredibly foundational,

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incredibly important section of the course.

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And if you understand everything in this section, you will not go far wrong with anything else you

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learn when using Linux.

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And I also want to make sure that you're duly congratulated for your amazing progress so far.

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You really, really deserve to have some recognition of what you've done in this section, what you've

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learned, and how far you've come.

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So in the next video, we're going to have a celebration of your really impressive progress and a quick

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recap of what we've covered in this section.

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It's going to be awesome.

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So for review of this section and some well deserved celebration and praises, I will see you in the

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next video.