Case, on the last lecture, I showed you how you can get your network sort of subjects out of the IP
address, we're using Tinder 3.0 34 in this example with a 22 Mattiske, we talked about what it's like
20 messages.
We broke down the binary and showed you how to find the block size that I explained.
You know, once you find a block size, you basically divide the last network octet by that block size
to the last network octet would be this one.
Because the reality is the mask for this particular IP is the because this is the mask for this IP address
and this is the interesting octet that contains the transition from zero ones.
And so this then is the the last network octet of the IP.
You divide that by the block size, which we found before you get a number, you discard the remainder
and then you multiply the result by the block size.
So we got four and then we just started painting out all the networks.
Right, 10, 3.0, 4.0.
And that three to eight at zero, 23 to 12 to zero.
Right.
And so on and so forth.
Now I want to show you how you can really, really get an idea of what's on this network.
So let's go in and start here.
Pick up here 10, 10, dot three, dot 4.0 and then we'll say 10 dot three, dot eight two zero.
I don't know what's in between.
What we can do.
We know the next host isn't.
We can't you zero.
Right, because that's the subnet identifier and we can't use the last octet of the last IP address
in this range which would be 10 dot three dot seven dot 255 because that the broadcast.
Brought this up, here is a subnet.
Some net ID, so then that means we have from 10 DOT 3.0 for not one to 10 dot three, dot seven, dot
254.
OK, that's the full range of of network addresses we have for this particular subject.
And it's something that that I'm on.
How many hosts can we possibly, you know, should we what the maximum number of hosts that could live
on this particular subnet or any of these subnets.
And this is where things get really, really fun.
So what we can do is we can say, OK, we've got this 22, 22 consecutive bits right at one, two,
three, four, five, six, eight.
One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight.
Right.
We have twenty two consecutive bits.
So what we can do is we cut the number of hospitals that are left over an IP address, IP for 30 Tibbits
total.
32 bits total, minus 22 is a 10.
So that means we have Timbits that can be allocated 10 possible bits for the host.
All right.
And so what we can do now is we just play a little counting game, right?
So you start watching your thumb and that's going to be the first bit.
And you say two and then you can have your point, your finger as a second bit.
That's going to be for second value.
Right.
Let me clear this up in your middle finger, of course, is going to be the valuate.
You're going to have the ring finger is going to be 16.
And then your pinky is going to be at 32, so these are just the bits.
Remember we showed you before when I counted like this one two four eight, 16, 32, 64, 128.
Right.
Those are the binary positions or the bit positions, the values for each of those positions in a binary
one two four eight, 16, 32, 64, 128.
So we're just counting this out on our hands until we get to ten bits.
So this is five bits.
One finger equals a bit.
Each finger is a bit.
And then if you do it a second time with the other hand, you'll notice when you have total ten that
you're going to end up with 1024 as the value.
Now, because the network ID is reserved in the broadcast address is reserved, you would just take
ten, twenty four minus two and then you would get the answer, which of course you can figure that
out right now.
Right.
That's just ten, twenty two.
So that means there is a maximum of 1020 hosts that could be available on this network and the IP that
I'm in.
Right.
If we clear this off, we go back to the command prompt.
This IP turned out to be at five thirty four.
This is actually in the ten point three dot for that zero network.
So I should be able to pin any hosts from, you know, ten, three, not for one tenth three, three,
four that to, you know, all the way up to ten that we got for about 250 for ten that we up to fifty
five which is also a valid homestudy.
And then you would go up to you know, you would continue going ten point three, not five dot one.
That's actually a gateway to that three to five dot to continue to go up and keep going up until you
get to ten point three dot seven point fifty four.
That will be the last IP in this range and it's all valid.
So that's a good it's a good way that you can sort of get a grappling on the environment that you're
in when you're embarking on your your ethical hacking adventurer's.
I don't know how many lectures actually talk about this.
And it's kind of complicated.
You have to really practise to get proficient with something.
But it's definitely a skill that you should learn.
And I strongly, strongly suggest that you remember those subnet values that I showed you earlier.
So let me just show you real quick, because values are one more time.
We had 128.
192, 224, 240, 248.
252.
254 and then 255, which I can't fit here, but these are the standard values that are really, really
important and it will help you to to subnet.
So if you get a mask and it's like a, you know, 50, 50, 55, 30, 40, that's zero.
You can start in 240 and then you can start building this out like so.
You can immediately find the boxes and you can start building out your networks that are multiples of
the size in that particular octet or whatever octet is our interesting octet.
All right.
So if you have any questions about this, you know, feel free to reach out, you know, and set me
up in the comments.
Chad, it can be complicated, but again, what practice?
It becomes a lot easier.
That's it for this particular section.
We're going to wrap up this and now we're going to move into building our lab, the stuff that you guys
have been waiting for.
So I cannot wait to show you.
It is going to be.
Absolutely awesome, because this is where you're really going to learn.
We built up a lab on our boxes.
OK, I'll see you in the next lecture.