1 00:00:09,330 --> 00:00:14,970 Case, on the last lecture, I showed you how you can get your network sort of subjects out of the IP 2 00:00:14,970 --> 00:00:21,660 address, we're using Tinder 3.0 34 in this example with a 22 Mattiske, we talked about what it's like 3 00:00:21,660 --> 00:00:22,560 20 messages. 4 00:00:22,560 --> 00:00:27,850 We broke down the binary and showed you how to find the block size that I explained. 5 00:00:27,850 --> 00:00:32,790 You know, once you find a block size, you basically divide the last network octet by that block size 6 00:00:33,270 --> 00:00:34,920 to the last network octet would be this one. 7 00:00:35,250 --> 00:00:43,860 Because the reality is the mask for this particular IP is the because this is the mask for this IP address 8 00:00:44,830 --> 00:00:48,390 and this is the interesting octet that contains the transition from zero ones. 9 00:00:48,990 --> 00:00:52,830 And so this then is the the last network octet of the IP. 10 00:00:52,860 --> 00:00:57,300 You divide that by the block size, which we found before you get a number, you discard the remainder 11 00:00:57,780 --> 00:01:00,840 and then you multiply the result by the block size. 12 00:01:01,530 --> 00:01:04,740 So we got four and then we just started painting out all the networks. 13 00:01:04,740 --> 00:01:06,360 Right, 10, 3.0, 4.0. 14 00:01:06,480 --> 00:01:10,110 And that three to eight at zero, 23 to 12 to zero. 15 00:01:10,120 --> 00:01:10,290 Right. 16 00:01:10,290 --> 00:01:11,100 And so on and so forth. 17 00:01:11,430 --> 00:01:15,000 Now I want to show you how you can really, really get an idea of what's on this network. 18 00:01:15,000 --> 00:01:17,280 So let's go in and start here. 19 00:01:17,310 --> 00:01:27,030 Pick up here 10, 10, dot three, dot 4.0 and then we'll say 10 dot three, dot eight two zero. 20 00:01:27,480 --> 00:01:28,470 I don't know what's in between. 21 00:01:29,280 --> 00:01:29,910 What we can do. 22 00:01:30,000 --> 00:01:32,880 We know the next host isn't. 23 00:01:32,880 --> 00:01:33,750 We can't you zero. 24 00:01:33,750 --> 00:01:40,530 Right, because that's the subnet identifier and we can't use the last octet of the last IP address 25 00:01:40,530 --> 00:01:49,020 in this range which would be 10 dot three dot seven dot 255 because that the broadcast. 26 00:01:50,450 --> 00:01:53,270 Brought this up, here is a subnet. 27 00:01:56,320 --> 00:02:08,410 Some net ID, so then that means we have from 10 DOT 3.0 for not one to 10 dot three, dot seven, dot 28 00:02:08,410 --> 00:02:09,220 254. 29 00:02:09,940 --> 00:02:14,770 OK, that's the full range of of network addresses we have for this particular subject. 30 00:02:14,770 --> 00:02:15,880 And it's something that that I'm on. 31 00:02:16,420 --> 00:02:22,420 How many hosts can we possibly, you know, should we what the maximum number of hosts that could live 32 00:02:22,420 --> 00:02:24,930 on this particular subnet or any of these subnets. 33 00:02:25,660 --> 00:02:28,280 And this is where things get really, really fun. 34 00:02:28,320 --> 00:02:34,540 So what we can do is we can say, OK, we've got this 22, 22 consecutive bits right at one, two, 35 00:02:34,540 --> 00:02:35,740 three, four, five, six, eight. 36 00:02:36,220 --> 00:02:37,960 One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight. 37 00:02:38,500 --> 00:02:41,290 One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight. 38 00:02:41,530 --> 00:02:43,470 One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight. 39 00:02:43,480 --> 00:02:43,750 Right. 40 00:02:44,090 --> 00:02:47,890 We have twenty two consecutive bits. 41 00:02:50,950 --> 00:02:56,170 So what we can do is we cut the number of hospitals that are left over an IP address, IP for 30 Tibbits 42 00:02:56,170 --> 00:02:56,520 total. 43 00:02:57,190 --> 00:03:00,430 32 bits total, minus 22 is a 10. 44 00:03:01,190 --> 00:03:05,560 So that means we have Timbits that can be allocated 10 possible bits for the host. 45 00:03:06,050 --> 00:03:06,360 All right. 46 00:03:06,940 --> 00:03:10,660 And so what we can do now is we just play a little counting game, right? 47 00:03:10,670 --> 00:03:15,190 So you start watching your thumb and that's going to be the first bit. 48 00:03:15,490 --> 00:03:22,090 And you say two and then you can have your point, your finger as a second bit. 49 00:03:22,550 --> 00:03:24,150 That's going to be for second value. 50 00:03:24,190 --> 00:03:24,520 Right. 51 00:03:25,060 --> 00:03:32,500 Let me clear this up in your middle finger, of course, is going to be the valuate. 52 00:03:34,880 --> 00:03:38,890 You're going to have the ring finger is going to be 16. 53 00:03:40,160 --> 00:03:43,950 And then your pinky is going to be at 32, so these are just the bits. 54 00:03:43,970 --> 00:03:52,370 Remember we showed you before when I counted like this one two four eight, 16, 32, 64, 128. 55 00:03:52,370 --> 00:03:52,700 Right. 56 00:03:52,730 --> 00:03:57,260 Those are the binary positions or the bit positions, the values for each of those positions in a binary 57 00:03:57,470 --> 00:04:00,300 one two four eight, 16, 32, 64, 128. 58 00:04:00,920 --> 00:04:04,480 So we're just counting this out on our hands until we get to ten bits. 59 00:04:05,060 --> 00:04:05,990 So this is five bits. 60 00:04:06,110 --> 00:04:07,610 One finger equals a bit. 61 00:04:07,850 --> 00:04:08,650 Each finger is a bit. 62 00:04:09,440 --> 00:04:15,830 And then if you do it a second time with the other hand, you'll notice when you have total ten that 63 00:04:15,860 --> 00:04:19,780 you're going to end up with 1024 as the value. 64 00:04:20,750 --> 00:04:26,450 Now, because the network ID is reserved in the broadcast address is reserved, you would just take 65 00:04:26,450 --> 00:04:33,230 ten, twenty four minus two and then you would get the answer, which of course you can figure that 66 00:04:33,230 --> 00:04:33,760 out right now. 67 00:04:34,130 --> 00:04:34,430 Right. 68 00:04:34,440 --> 00:04:36,920 That's just ten, twenty two. 69 00:04:37,410 --> 00:04:43,100 So that means there is a maximum of 1020 hosts that could be available on this network and the IP that 70 00:04:43,100 --> 00:04:43,520 I'm in. 71 00:04:43,910 --> 00:04:44,080 Right. 72 00:04:44,090 --> 00:04:47,120 If we clear this off, we go back to the command prompt. 73 00:04:49,280 --> 00:04:52,190 This IP turned out to be at five thirty four. 74 00:04:52,380 --> 00:04:56,150 This is actually in the ten point three dot for that zero network. 75 00:04:57,080 --> 00:05:02,010 So I should be able to pin any hosts from, you know, ten, three, not for one tenth three, three, 76 00:05:02,090 --> 00:05:07,340 four that to, you know, all the way up to ten that we got for about 250 for ten that we up to fifty 77 00:05:07,340 --> 00:05:09,470 five which is also a valid homestudy. 78 00:05:10,130 --> 00:05:16,550 And then you would go up to you know, you would continue going ten point three, not five dot one. 79 00:05:17,180 --> 00:05:21,890 That's actually a gateway to that three to five dot to continue to go up and keep going up until you 80 00:05:21,890 --> 00:05:24,800 get to ten point three dot seven point fifty four. 81 00:05:25,430 --> 00:05:29,390 That will be the last IP in this range and it's all valid. 82 00:05:29,390 --> 00:05:34,100 So that's a good it's a good way that you can sort of get a grappling on the environment that you're 83 00:05:34,100 --> 00:05:37,640 in when you're embarking on your your ethical hacking adventurer's. 84 00:05:38,050 --> 00:05:40,070 I don't know how many lectures actually talk about this. 85 00:05:40,070 --> 00:05:40,940 And it's kind of complicated. 86 00:05:40,940 --> 00:05:43,070 You have to really practise to get proficient with something. 87 00:05:43,550 --> 00:05:45,230 But it's definitely a skill that you should learn. 88 00:05:45,560 --> 00:05:50,600 And I strongly, strongly suggest that you remember those subnet values that I showed you earlier. 89 00:05:50,600 --> 00:05:53,060 So let me just show you real quick, because values are one more time. 90 00:05:53,630 --> 00:05:55,580 We had 128. 91 00:05:56,780 --> 00:06:02,810 192, 224, 240, 248. 92 00:06:03,910 --> 00:06:04,780 252. 93 00:06:05,860 --> 00:06:12,910 254 and then 255, which I can't fit here, but these are the standard values that are really, really 94 00:06:12,910 --> 00:06:16,520 important and it will help you to to subnet. 95 00:06:16,540 --> 00:06:21,850 So if you get a mask and it's like a, you know, 50, 50, 55, 30, 40, that's zero. 96 00:06:22,360 --> 00:06:28,000 You can start in 240 and then you can start building this out like so. 97 00:06:31,250 --> 00:06:36,770 You can immediately find the boxes and you can start building out your networks that are multiples of 98 00:06:36,770 --> 00:06:40,730 the size in that particular octet or whatever octet is our interesting octet. 99 00:06:41,930 --> 00:06:42,290 All right. 100 00:06:42,300 --> 00:06:45,110 So if you have any questions about this, you know, feel free to reach out, you know, and set me 101 00:06:45,110 --> 00:06:46,020 up in the comments. 102 00:06:46,070 --> 00:06:48,470 Chad, it can be complicated, but again, what practice? 103 00:06:48,470 --> 00:06:49,820 It becomes a lot easier. 104 00:06:50,360 --> 00:06:51,800 That's it for this particular section. 105 00:06:52,280 --> 00:06:56,360 We're going to wrap up this and now we're going to move into building our lab, the stuff that you guys 106 00:06:56,360 --> 00:06:57,190 have been waiting for. 107 00:06:57,200 --> 00:06:58,910 So I cannot wait to show you. 108 00:06:59,200 --> 00:07:00,010 It is going to be. 109 00:07:00,780 --> 00:07:03,180 Absolutely awesome, because this is where you're really going to learn. 110 00:07:04,130 --> 00:07:05,520 We built up a lab on our boxes. 111 00:07:05,980 --> 00:07:08,460 OK, I'll see you in the next lecture.