Well, I hope you've learned a good bit about Cally and Linux command line commands, and I hope you've
enjoyed it, but I wanted to throw in a little bonus on some additional Linux terminal commands because
the command line is such an important piece of the Kalli Linux history and the Kelly Linux experience
that I wanted to give you a few more terminal commands for fun, for convenience, for speed, maybe
for profit.
If you decide to become a unique systems administrator or if you work with Linux a lot in your ethical
hacking or other cybersecurity profession.
So I've got a handful of commands here.
You'll see Collum t Kalama will allow us to display output like a table so it can clean some things
up.
I'll give an example or two that we can go back to a previous directory with c.D space minus.
We can turn on aliases that will make our commands shorter and faster.
We could do L.L.
To do a list.
Long, endless space dash l.
We'll see a couple of others.
We could run multiple commands all the same time.
You might have used the ampersand ampersand before to run two commands at the same time.
We've got a semicolon that we can do as well, so it runs in order.
We've got the ability reuse the last argument.
So let's dig into a few of these and then we'll see a few down here at the bottom that are really just
for fun and then a few extra that could help you out.
So I'll go through maybe everything on this page, but I will go through a few of them.
So let's run the column T so that we can see what the column Dashty does.
So first of all, we need some output that we need formatted like a table.
So Mount is the way we connect new directories, new USP drives, for example.
So if I want to see that here, I'll make it a little bigger.
So if I want to run the Mount Command, it'll tell us all the devices that are connected right now,
everything that we could c.b into, everything that we could list and splay sometimes control L or you
can type clear or control.
That's another shortcut to put on the screen there.
And I use it from time to time.
Want to make sure that I show that we might want to see them out.
Displayed a little more column friendly so I can say mount.
And then we pipe it.
That is the vertical pipe symbol on a U.S. keyboard that shift and the backslash.
You may have to look around on your keyboard if you're using a non English non U.S. on UK keyboard.
European keyboard.
You can find that as a shift key as well.
But the vertical pipe symbol will take the output of one command and send it to another.
So column Dashti will do tab spaces for our columns.
And that makes our mount much more readable.
We can see what the name of the file system is or the name of the application.
And we can see the type.
We can see everything really nicely spaced up.
Another place to use this control.
L might be for your ETSI password.
So cat slash etsi slash pass word.
We'll show you all of the users on your system.
And it used to be the place on really old versions of Linux where we'd actually store their password
hashes as well.
We do that Nazi shadow now, but we can actually display this a little more friendly.
If I control L.
I can hit the up arrow cat and see password and I can pipe it.
Two column.
Dash t.
And this time you noticed that cannot see past where etsi password had a lot of colon's in there.
I can specify and specify a separator dash s.
S tab space on the colon's.
So now I can read all the user names and I can see where their home directories might be for those that
have them.
And I can see some other information, their user I.D., things like this from group memberships.
So this is a really handy way to to be able to display data in a nice column tab spaced format.
Going back to a previous directory, that's a handy thing to do, especially when you're swapping back
and forth between two locations.
Let's say that we're in our home.
So if I do PWP, you can say I'm at home Caleigh right now, but if I want to c.d into ETSI.
And then I want to c.D back.
I'm going to see T minus.
And it will take me back to Hong Kalli.
The good thing is to change directories back to Hong Caleigh seating slash Etsy.
Oh wow, I can do c.D minus.
And it'll bring me back and I'll swap back to Etsy CDE.
That will bring me just a plain c.D will bring me back to my home directory.
Or you can do c.D in the tilde but you can tell that we're in home because of the Tilda's symbol here
on Kelly.
So if I do PWP, it'll tell me I'm in home.
Kalli.
That's a really cool one to be able to use.
Aliases, this is a really powerful thing to give yourself some shortcut commands, you can actually
write your own commands all clear or control all the screen.
If I do an L. s space dash l, I get more information about my listing.
We've used it less before.
But now Ellis Space Dash l.
Gives us the ability to list long.
Well, I might want to shorten that into a much shorter command.
So the alias is one way to do that.
Alias L l equals.
And then a single quote around L'Estang Shell.
So if I say alias.
L l equals.
And then I put a single quote, ellis' base dash l enter.
If I press l l it's gonna give me a long listing.
In fact, this was a command that I used to enjoy back when I was using Unix in the early 90s back at
Georgia Tech.
L l was one of the short aliases we always pregnant programmed in.
If you're an old i.p, if you're an old older user of, of Linux, you might instead of wanting to do
IPA, you might want to do I-F config.
Well I have config is not a command anymore and most distributions but I could set up an alias.
I have config equals quote I p hey and now if I run I have config.
I've got my own command that will work.
Usually we want to do this for convenience, to keep command shorter like we did with L.
L.
So we just type L as a command and it does it.
Sometimes we like to have that backwards compatibility.
So instead of type an IPA, even though that's shorter than I have config, we might still want to put
that in just in case.
So we don't mess up in the future.
And there may be times that you actually want to make those aliases permanent.
Right now, if I close out of everything.
And blood back into this machine that's going to forget my alias, because it was just a command for
this particular session.
But if I change this in my back.
Ah, see.
So if I say nano dot bash.
Ah, see.
These are actually my Basche settings, so I will scroll down just a little bit.
And this is the Nano Ed. If you haven't seen this before, Nano itself is a really cool way to get around.
You can see I've got some aliases already set down in here, but I can actually just come to my aliases
in the terminal and I can just delete a couple of the.
Aliases delete a couple of the comments.
The pound symbol is a comment in Basche scripting.
And so when I change this in my Bashar Sea, it will actually make this every time I log in to Kalli
or every time open a new terminal window.
It's going to run this script and I'll always be able to enter L.L to Ellis long.
I can do L a to list all the files.
So it even shows this bash RC file.
So those are some really cool things.
And to get out an A..
You control oh control odah write it, enter and control X to get out and then the next time I log in
I'll still be able to do my l l and see everything I'll even be able to do in L..
A. if I log back in to the terminal.
So I'd have to kill my terminal window.
And run it again.
And now I list all my files.
Not just my regular documents, music templates, videos actually have all my hidden files or my DOT
files like my Basche history, my Bashar RC, some other really cool commands or some really other cool
things that you can do with our command line terminal Linux.
Since we're running just a little bit along, I will try to jump to one or two really fun ones are using.
Your last argument is really handy and reusing the last command, especially if you forget to do pseudo
before something like I wanted to do service net ing or manager.
Restart and I forget to say pseudo, it's going to say, I don't know what that command is, but if
I say pseudo bang bang the two exclamation marks, it will say, oh, you want to restart networking?
Kelly and Kelly.
Kia, I make sure I type it right.
And we restarted our networking, so pseudo bang bang or pseudo with the two exclamation marks is a
really useful one.
And just for fun, Rev.
It is a fun command, so if I echo hello and pipe it a rebuttal, reverse it, phablet.
That's a fun little thing.
So pseudo sorry I can say echo hello.
And pipe that to Rav and it'll reverse it.
Only if I say phablet.
Hello.
It will make it in nice bubley letters of fig lit for Eyssen.
I get my name in a nice little ASCII art or some character art and then there are lots of other little
commands.
In fact, I encourage you to try a few those like the calendar.
You can factor numbers from the command line clear I gave you on there with the control l head if you
give head and the name of a file.
It'll give me the first few lines of a file.
Tail will give you the last few few lines instead of scrolling off the screen.
If you have a reviewing logs, tail is a really good command because you can see just the last few updates
added on grep is like our super find.
If you want to find one line in a file that will give you the information you're looking for.
Like if you're looking for information on your Caleigh user, you could cap etsi password and grep it,
pipe that to grip and say grip Caleigh and it will find that username.
The greater than symbol that we used earlier you can actually use to create an empty file by Peiping.
Nothing into it.
So for redirect nothing.
Just the angle bracket greater than symbol file name.
There's also another domain called Touch that does the same thing.
So there's lots to learn out on the Linux command line.
More than we can fit into this course.
But hope that things are some useful commands and hope you've enjoyed learning something about Linux
from the command line terminal.