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Well, I hope you've learned a good bit about Cally and Linux command line commands, and I hope you've

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enjoyed it, but I wanted to throw in a little bonus on some additional Linux terminal commands because

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the command line is such an important piece of the Kalli Linux history and the Kelly Linux experience

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that I wanted to give you a few more terminal commands for fun, for convenience, for speed, maybe

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for profit.

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If you decide to become a unique systems administrator or if you work with Linux a lot in your ethical

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hacking or other cybersecurity profession.

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So I've got a handful of commands here.

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You'll see Collum t Kalama will allow us to display output like a table so it can clean some things

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up.

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I'll give an example or two that we can go back to a previous directory with c.D space minus.

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We can turn on aliases that will make our commands shorter and faster.

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We could do L.L.

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To do a list.

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Long, endless space dash l.

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We'll see a couple of others.

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We could run multiple commands all the same time.

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You might have used the ampersand ampersand before to run two commands at the same time.

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We've got a semicolon that we can do as well, so it runs in order.

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We've got the ability reuse the last argument.

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So let's dig into a few of these and then we'll see a few down here at the bottom that are really just

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for fun and then a few extra that could help you out.

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So I'll go through maybe everything on this page, but I will go through a few of them.

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So let's run the column T so that we can see what the column Dashty does.

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So first of all, we need some output that we need formatted like a table.

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So Mount is the way we connect new directories, new USP drives, for example.

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So if I want to see that here, I'll make it a little bigger.

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So if I want to run the Mount Command, it'll tell us all the devices that are connected right now,

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everything that we could c.b into, everything that we could list and splay sometimes control L or you

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can type clear or control.

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That's another shortcut to put on the screen there.

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And I use it from time to time.

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Want to make sure that I show that we might want to see them out.

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Displayed a little more column friendly so I can say mount.

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And then we pipe it.

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That is the vertical pipe symbol on a U.S. keyboard that shift and the backslash.

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You may have to look around on your keyboard if you're using a non English non U.S. on UK keyboard.

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European keyboard.

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You can find that as a shift key as well.

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But the vertical pipe symbol will take the output of one command and send it to another.

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So column Dashti will do tab spaces for our columns.

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And that makes our mount much more readable.

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We can see what the name of the file system is or the name of the application.

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And we can see the type.

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We can see everything really nicely spaced up.

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Another place to use this control.

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L might be for your ETSI password.

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So cat slash etsi slash pass word.

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We'll show you all of the users on your system.

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And it used to be the place on really old versions of Linux where we'd actually store their password

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hashes as well.

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We do that Nazi shadow now, but we can actually display this a little more friendly.

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If I control L.

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I can hit the up arrow cat and see password and I can pipe it.

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Two column.

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Dash t.

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And this time you noticed that cannot see past where etsi password had a lot of colon's in there.

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I can specify and specify a separator dash s.

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S tab space on the colon's.

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So now I can read all the user names and I can see where their home directories might be for those that

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have them.

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And I can see some other information, their user I.D., things like this from group memberships.

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So this is a really handy way to to be able to display data in a nice column tab spaced format.

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Going back to a previous directory, that's a handy thing to do, especially when you're swapping back

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and forth between two locations.

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Let's say that we're in our home.

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So if I do PWP, you can say I'm at home Caleigh right now, but if I want to c.d into ETSI.

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And then I want to c.D back.

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I'm going to see T minus.

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And it will take me back to Hong Kalli.

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The good thing is to change directories back to Hong Caleigh seating slash Etsy.

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Oh wow, I can do c.D minus.

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And it'll bring me back and I'll swap back to Etsy CDE.

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That will bring me just a plain c.D will bring me back to my home directory.

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Or you can do c.D in the tilde but you can tell that we're in home because of the Tilda's symbol here

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on Kelly.

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So if I do PWP, it'll tell me I'm in home.

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Kalli.

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That's a really cool one to be able to use.

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Aliases, this is a really powerful thing to give yourself some shortcut commands, you can actually

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write your own commands all clear or control all the screen.

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If I do an L. s space dash l, I get more information about my listing.

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We've used it less before.

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But now Ellis Space Dash l.

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Gives us the ability to list long.

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Well, I might want to shorten that into a much shorter command.

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So the alias is one way to do that.

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Alias L l equals.

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And then a single quote around L'Estang Shell.

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So if I say alias.

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L l equals.

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And then I put a single quote, ellis' base dash l enter.

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If I press l l it's gonna give me a long listing.

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In fact, this was a command that I used to enjoy back when I was using Unix in the early 90s back at

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Georgia Tech.

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L l was one of the short aliases we always pregnant programmed in.

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If you're an old i.p, if you're an old older user of, of Linux, you might instead of wanting to do

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IPA, you might want to do I-F config.

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Well I have config is not a command anymore and most distributions but I could set up an alias.

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I have config equals quote I p hey and now if I run I have config.

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I've got my own command that will work.

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Usually we want to do this for convenience, to keep command shorter like we did with L.

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L.

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So we just type L as a command and it does it.

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Sometimes we like to have that backwards compatibility.

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So instead of type an IPA, even though that's shorter than I have config, we might still want to put

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that in just in case.

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So we don't mess up in the future.

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And there may be times that you actually want to make those aliases permanent.

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Right now, if I close out of everything.

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And blood back into this machine that's going to forget my alias, because it was just a command for

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this particular session.

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But if I change this in my back.

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Ah, see.

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So if I say nano dot bash.

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Ah, see.

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These are actually my Basche settings, so I will scroll down just a little bit.

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And this is the Nano Ed. If you haven't seen this before, Nano itself is a really cool way to get around.

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You can see I've got some aliases already set down in here, but I can actually just come to my aliases

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in the terminal and I can just delete a couple of the.

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Aliases delete a couple of the comments.

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The pound symbol is a comment in Basche scripting.

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And so when I change this in my Bashar Sea, it will actually make this every time I log in to Kalli

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or every time open a new terminal window.

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It's going to run this script and I'll always be able to enter L.L to Ellis long.

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I can do L a to list all the files.

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So it even shows this bash RC file.

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So those are some really cool things.

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And to get out an A..

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You control oh control odah write it, enter and control X to get out and then the next time I log in

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I'll still be able to do my l l and see everything I'll even be able to do in L..

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A. if I log back in to the terminal.

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So I'd have to kill my terminal window.

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And run it again.

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And now I list all my files.

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Not just my regular documents, music templates, videos actually have all my hidden files or my DOT

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files like my Basche history, my Bashar RC, some other really cool commands or some really other cool

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things that you can do with our command line terminal Linux.

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Since we're running just a little bit along, I will try to jump to one or two really fun ones are using.

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Your last argument is really handy and reusing the last command, especially if you forget to do pseudo

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before something like I wanted to do service net ing or manager.

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Restart and I forget to say pseudo, it's going to say, I don't know what that command is, but if

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I say pseudo bang bang the two exclamation marks, it will say, oh, you want to restart networking?

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Kelly and Kelly.

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Kia, I make sure I type it right.

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And we restarted our networking, so pseudo bang bang or pseudo with the two exclamation marks is a

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really useful one.

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And just for fun, Rev.

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It is a fun command, so if I echo hello and pipe it a rebuttal, reverse it, phablet.

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That's a fun little thing.

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So pseudo sorry I can say echo hello.

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And pipe that to Rav and it'll reverse it.

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Only if I say phablet.

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Hello.

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It will make it in nice bubley letters of fig lit for Eyssen.

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I get my name in a nice little ASCII art or some character art and then there are lots of other little

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commands.

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In fact, I encourage you to try a few those like the calendar.

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You can factor numbers from the command line clear I gave you on there with the control l head if you

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give head and the name of a file.

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It'll give me the first few lines of a file.

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Tail will give you the last few few lines instead of scrolling off the screen.

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If you have a reviewing logs, tail is a really good command because you can see just the last few updates

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added on grep is like our super find.

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If you want to find one line in a file that will give you the information you're looking for.

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Like if you're looking for information on your Caleigh user, you could cap etsi password and grep it,

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pipe that to grip and say grip Caleigh and it will find that username.

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The greater than symbol that we used earlier you can actually use to create an empty file by Peiping.

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Nothing into it.

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So for redirect nothing.

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Just the angle bracket greater than symbol file name.

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There's also another domain called Touch that does the same thing.

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So there's lots to learn out on the Linux command line.

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More than we can fit into this course.

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But hope that things are some useful commands and hope you've enjoyed learning something about Linux

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from the command line terminal.