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Hello, my name is typhoon and now let's switch to assembly and explore executing bash using the exec

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call and all while utilizing the execute technique.

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So what we're going to do here is we will create a section data section data and we will create the

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path here DB double slash I will explain why we did this double slash here.

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And of course we need the zero after that.

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And now we will create a section text section text uh global start is going to be starting point of

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our assembly application and label.

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And now XOR rax rax posh rax move rdx rsp and here xor rax racks.

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Plush racks move and after that we will move the RDA.

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RSP, I will explain all of these codes here.

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Don't worry, this will be actually don't this won't be actually the long code here.

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And now we just need to clean the RDX.

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And we will move the al.

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It will move this 59 to al which this is the exact we exec we syscall number.

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Let's actually comment it down here.

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Executesql number.

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And after that we will call the Cisco.

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Now that's it.

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And now let's exit our program.

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Racks.

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Racks again.

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And move our die racks.

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MOV rax 60.

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Will, this is the exit call Sysctl.

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Number exit.

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Exit syscall number and we will call the syscall again.

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So here we start storing the string double slash bin slash uh s h in the data section.

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And we start the start label for our program.

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We set the rax to zero using x or x rax and push it onto the stack.

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And this is used as a null terminator marker here.

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And we move the stack pointer to r d x uh to get our third argument.

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And we push another null value and use its address as our d I here.

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So as you can see here.

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Now after that we load the address of path uh into RSI and Ves.

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And again we are zeroing out the RDX uh, here.

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And we are setting the Al to 59, which is the syscall number for exec.

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We and we trigger the syscall using this syscall here.

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And we clear the RDA and set Rax to 60 uh which is the syscall number for exit.

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And we trigger uh exit syscall using this syscall here and continuing our exploration.

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And now we complete the task of parsing bin sh path onto the stack.

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However we are faced with a constraint here.

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So let's actually, uh, compile it here.

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Yes.

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Assemble it and then link it.

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So.

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It was.

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Yeah.

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Source shellcode LLS and xigui.

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Hey!

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Look out!

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And a Ram stack.

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All here.

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So that's it.

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Now clear here.

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Now let's, um.

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Assemble it using this, um, an ASM here.

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So in order to do that, we will just write an ASM.

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DSM here.

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After that, we will need to use the, uh, f elf64 because this will be run on 64 bit machines and,

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um.

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Exactly.

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And no, it was.

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A zig zag technique that asm.

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Um.

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Oh, here, uh, this is going to be our object file exec v dot o.

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And after that we will link it.

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So ld exec v dot o and output file is going to be which is executable file.

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It's going to be exec v.

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That's it.

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Now let's run it.

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And as you can see we got nothing.

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But actually we did need to get something from here, which is the shell call here.

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And.

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The reason we are not getting this we because we are.

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We need to turn this into the.

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Uh, bytecode.

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Firstly, and in order to do that we will use Python here.

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Again let's actually use the Python two.

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And now we will define a string with double slash bin s h.

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So this was the skeleton of our assembly program here.

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And now we will change a little bit codes from there.

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And.

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In order to do that.

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So as as you can see, we have faced with a constraint here, as I said.

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So our code structure can't accommodate null bytes.

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Therefore, we adapt our approach approach by employing the double slash here and or here or there.

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So it actually it will work on both ways, but it's actually looks pretty nicer with like that.

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Now uh, we will go to Python.

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Now let's actually.

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Yes yes yes yes.

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And now we will define a string in Python two because we will encode it and reverse it.

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You know, we will first reverse it and then encode it.

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So string here.

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Um double slash bin s h.

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And after that.

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Enter.

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Let's print a string.

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String.

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And yeah, this is our string.

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And now we will create an encoded string here, which is we will reverse it firstly minus one.

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And after that we will encode it with hex in quotes.

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That's it.

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And let's actually print the encoded.

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Encoded?

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No.

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Encoded string.

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And that's it.

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So this is our encoded string here.

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So with this here we define a string containing the desired path.

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In this case bin sh.

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And after that uh here somewhere.

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Yeah.

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And here we are.

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We are also defining encoded string.

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But now we will using this this string which has been a sage and reversing the string using the slicing.

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And after that we obtain the like reverse this here.

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Let's actually show this.

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So string.

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Minus one.

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Here.

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And as you can see, we are getting something like H, S and IB which is the reverse side of this,

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um, bush.

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And um, after that we are encoding this.

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And as a result we are getting this encoded string here.

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Now let's copy this to some text pad notepad not text.

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And that's it.

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So the sequence of operation generates the hex encoded value for our adjusted path.

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So by reversing the string and encoding it, we have achieved a workaround to ensure compatibility with

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our code structure.

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So this allows us to embed embed the path on to the stack without introducing null bytes.

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And as we progress, remember that these intricate steps embodied a sense of crafting efficient and

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functional shell code.

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And our journey continues as we build on this foundation, unraveling deeper layers of assembly, programming

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and system interaction.

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And now we will need to parse the strings into the stack here, which is this shell bytecode.

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And first we are going to pass our prepared path string into the stack.

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Since the string consists of eight bytes, we will employ the rbx register for this task and we will

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load the value.

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Uh, this value into RB, which corresponds to the SK representation of behnisch, and then push RB

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onto the stack.

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So we have uh, move something like move rb x here.

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So, uh, we will first delete here RDX, and here we will, uh, move the RDX.

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Here and now we will.

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Patchett.

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Again, as we did in previously.

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And after that.

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Now we loaded.

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Push it here.

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And.

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Yeah, sure.

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We have done with this, I think.

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Or since we are created this we might get.

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Aw, yeah.

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After that, we punched the RHB.

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Here we will move the DH.

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That's actually.

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No, we don't want this.

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So we have deleted this.

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So move the RSP.

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And.

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Let's delete this code and start it here.

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Because it's editing assembly code is actually pretty challenging thing to do.

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And uh, now we will move the RDI, RSP and push Rax again and push RTI.

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And we will move the.

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RSI.

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RSP like this.

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Yeah.

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RSP and we will add racks 59 which is a Cisco for Cisco number for our.

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Program here.

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And after that, we don't want to end this program for now.

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But here we got some errors, I think expression syntax error with the problem.

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Hmm.

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Yeah.

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Because we need also we need to tell the assembly to that this is a, uh, byte code here.

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And.

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Yeah, that's fixed.

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Now, let's, uh, assemble and link our program again.

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And as you can see this compiled successfully and LD linking here and exec we got the segmentation fault.

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Hmm'hmm.

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And I got a segmentation fault here.

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Which actually we also need to delete this data here.

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So we are not going to use any data.

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And start.

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Section?

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Yeah.

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Section.

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And also we will need to define this global section on the first line global.

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Start.

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Let's run this again.

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We've got the segmentation fault again.

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And I think I found this error here because after this call, we need to also call the syscall.

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That's it.

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Now let's.

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To compile it.

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And here we got the shell.

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Uh, which is a good thing to do.

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And as you can see here, um, we can do everything like we do in terminal here, like move LSL, a

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full MI, and so on.

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Now we will get, uh, we will convert this into a shell code, as we always do.

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Now I will get my, um, this command here because it's actually takes almost four minutes to write.

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Without any errors.

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And it should be somewhere here.

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And as I was, as I always do, I will share it with you here.

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Yeah.

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This is our objdump command.

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Let's go to here now.

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Now we will go to stack.

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We will go to see the source and shellcode.

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And here we have this exec.

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We, we will get this shellcode here and change.

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Hello to Execve.

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That's it.

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Now this is our shellcode.

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Now copy this and we will use C code to inject our shellcode.

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Now we will go back to sysinfo dot c file.

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Now let's delete this.

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Actually this is not the sysinfo.

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This is let's name it the exec shell dot c.

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So we will firstly include the uh studio age.

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And then we will also include the string here.

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Yeah.

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We will also include the string.

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And after that we will define our main.

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And then the shell code so include include stdio.h include include the.

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Include the string dot h.

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And after that we will define main here.

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Printf.

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We will, as we always do.

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We will also print the shell code length.

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So shell code length.

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And we will use Z.

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You here.

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New line.

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And we will use strlen.

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Const character.

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And we will enter our code here.

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But let's actually define our code.

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So we will define unsigned character character shellcode here.

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And that's it.

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Also we need to define as a string.

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So we will open the quotes here.

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After quotes we will close this line here.

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So const character and shell code here.

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That's it.

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Now after that we will also define this integer function here pointer function here.

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So red.

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And we will name it integer.

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And.

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Shellcode here again.

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And that's it.

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We will also call this ret.

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And that's it.

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They also defined it.

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Here.

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Now.

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Perfect.

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Now let's compile it.

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And.

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In order to compile it.

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Um, we will use the no stack protector and exec stack here.

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So gcc f no stack protector.

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Can you hear my voice?

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Sorry.

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Yeah.

265
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Uh, z exec stack and exec um, exit exec v, we got an error here, so let's find out.

266
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Wait.

267
00:16:31,090 --> 00:16:34,630
No, no, we need to compile this.

268
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Exactly.

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Here.

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Not the assembly program.

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Yeah.

272
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Let's see.

273
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And that's it.

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00:16:40,480 --> 00:16:42,010
It's compiled successfully.

275
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And congratulations.

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Congratulations on reaching to this point.

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So you have masterfully transformed complex assembly concepts into a functional shell code.

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And now, uh, we will delve even deeper into the realm of shell code, exploring the advanced techniques

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and widening our understanding of how these powerful tools are developed and applied.

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So now let's execute this program and see what happens.

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Right.

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So.

283
00:17:11,480 --> 00:17:12,860
It was a drought.

284
00:17:12,860 --> 00:17:16,190
Yeah, we have the shell code length and.

285
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But we are not getting the shell here.

286
00:17:19,640 --> 00:17:23,330
So there's something wrong in our code here.

287
00:17:23,330 --> 00:17:25,850
Let's actually go back there.

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00:17:26,460 --> 00:17:26,940
Yeah.

289
00:17:26,940 --> 00:17:28,380
We need to call this function.

290
00:17:28,380 --> 00:17:29,190
Sorry.

291
00:17:29,220 --> 00:17:33,120
Now let's recompile it again and run it.

292
00:17:33,120 --> 00:17:36,360
And as you can see here, we got the shell clear.

293
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Now let's run it.

294
00:17:38,310 --> 00:17:39,060
That's it.

295
00:17:39,060 --> 00:17:42,960
So LZ LZ la Amie.

296
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And here.

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So as we execute this program, you are essentially triggering your carefully crafted shell code.

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So the results you observe are testament on your dedication and skill in the realm of shell code development.

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So you have harnessed the power of the kernel to execute the execute with skill.

300
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And in doing so, you've opened the door or you opened the door to limitless possibilities.

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So your journey into the depths of assembly, shell code, and system interaction is undoubtedly a fascinating

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and rewarding one.

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As you continue, uh, holding your skills, don't hesitate to explore further and experiment with more

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intricate concepts in the ever evolving landscape of cybersecurity and low level programming.

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My name is Stephen and I'm waiting you in the next lecture.