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So now our first lesson in Linux terminology is going to be navigating the file system so if you're

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a Windows user you're used to navigating your file system probably through folders through a gooey.

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So a graphical user interface.

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Well in Linux we can do that but the majority time we're going to live in this terminal here.

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So we really need to know how to get around so the first thing we can do here is we can say hey where

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are we at.

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And that's P.W. D.

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So that stands for present working directory.

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So you type that in.

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You hit enter and it says OK we're in the root folder so we know that we're in the root folder but how

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do we get out the root folder.

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We can use a command called C D.

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And that stands for change directory.

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So if we want to change directory backwards we just type in two dots here and now we can say OK where

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are we at.

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So we're in a slash.

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So we're just in a home folder here or just there are generic slash folder right.

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So what we can do is well how do we know.

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Can we go backwards from here.

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Let's keep trying.

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So we do P.W. again.

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No we can.

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This is our base folder right.

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So you have to think of this as though the lowest you can go.

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So now how do we move around how do we know how to go forwards again.

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Well we don't know what's in our Directories right.

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So we're sitting in this the slash folder.

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And how do we look around.

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So there's a command called l s that lists everything that's in the folder so if we say l s we kind

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of see this color coordinated here and the color coordination.

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It just depends on if it's a folder if the folders read right.

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You know there's permission settings which are going gonna get into later but the majority of these

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here are folders.

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OK.

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Well we know we just came out of route so we can go back into route.

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Now how do we do that so we can say change directory route and we can actually hit tab to auto complete.

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I don't know if you caught that but there No are any folder besides root so at all right I can hit TAB

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and it should type it out for me.

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Oh I lied.

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There is a run in here somewhere but it's hidden.

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We're going to cover that soon as well.

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So our Oh hit tab autocomplete can change directory in the root so it's less and root and see what's

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in here.

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OK.

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This is more like our home folder right.

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So you've got desktop documents downloads.

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This is kind of what applies to the user.

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So what if we're sitting in this root folder here and we wanted to access instead this Etsy folder.

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Well could we do the same at C command here.

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Well I'm hitting tab and nothing's happening.

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Well because Etsy doesn't belong in this area.

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Right.

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But if we put a forward slash in front of it because this is the base and then we hit Etsy there now

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we can navigate to the Etsy folder and we can actually double tab and see what's all in the Etsy folder

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like an L S say no.

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Another way to do that is if we wanted to tell us what's in the Etsy folder without navigating to it

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we get this type Ellis Etsy and you can see everything that's in here so there's some some tricks that

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we can do right.

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So we don't have to actually navigate to the folder you know it's in there again if we add less and

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we want to know what's sitting in videos or even let's say what's sitting in desktop for our folder.

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Well if we start typing desktop and hit tab we can't do that either because everything in Linux is case

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sensitive.

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So if we start typing desktop and then hit tab now we can LSI and see what's in there.

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So our VM where came with a couple of shell scripts here that are automatically placed in our desktop.

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We wanted to confirm that you could see that they're both right here.

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So as of right now we are just sitting in our home folder and we know how to navigate around.

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So if we wanted to go to desktop we could we could hit Alaska now and see what's in there.

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We wanted to go backwards.

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We could.

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OK now we're back in our our route folder and you can also tell where you're at your present working

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directory sits right here right.

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So this little tilde is actually your home folder and you can see that we're in desktop.

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So if we wanted to go back into our desktop instead of typing see you wanted to go to music from your

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desktop instead of going root music which will work.

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You could also just say I want to go music and that'll put you there as well and notice you don't need

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the leading forward slash when you use the tilde so just some couple interesting tricks that you kind

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of pick up along the way.

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Tab is definite going to be your best friend if you run into something with multiple options say you're

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trying to C and you say I want to go to my desktop and you're tapping it's not working you can hit double

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tab and then it will show you OK well there's desktop documents downloads those are your three options

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that start with a D.

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So now you can have an idea as to how to kind of move around but let's do a little bit more.

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So what if we want to make our own folder.

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Well there's something called Make directory M K DVR so if we say make directory and we'll say I'm just

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gonna use my name Heath it's now fully L S we can see that this Heath folder is now here we can go into

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the heath folder and there should be nothing in it right.

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So we can go back and we can also get rid of the heath folder remove directory Heath.

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Alice again it's gone.

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So now what else can we do.

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Well we can also look for hidden folders so we can say LSA dash L.A. and we can look for hidden files

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and folders here.

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Remember the color coordination.

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So this dot cash right.

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That in theory is a hidden folder.

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So if we say C.D. Doc cash we can go into there.

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We.

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Alas.

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And there's actually some some information in there.

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But when you saw it originally you didn't see that.

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We're going to cover more on this.

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I just kind of want to show you that trick as you see over on the left side.

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There's file permissions and properties.

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So be aware that just because it looks like something's not there doesn't mean it's not there.

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It might just actually be hidden.

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Similar to windows where you have hidden files and folders.

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So just a quick trick to show you that so.

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Another thing we can do.

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So let's go back

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and don't worry about what I'm doing here.

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You're gonna cover these commands in a little bit.

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I'm just going to go high and we're gonna put that in a test text folder.

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So now we l s you could see that test out Texas here so if we want to actually copy this file we can

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copy just files to another location so we can say hey I've got this test that text but I actually want

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to move it to downloads and if we go else to downloads you could see that test site text is actually

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sitting in their and if we wanted to remove it we can say remove from downloads or test that text.

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Actually sorry.

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Remove downloads test text.

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We don't have to transition into that directory if we don't want to.

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So another trick.

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Say we want to see now that it's gone and we want to tell Alas what we want to keep typing this out.

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If you hit the up arrow now you can just see your old command.

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So if you keep typing your command over and over you can see what's going on.

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So that shows that there's nothing in downloads now we were able to successfully remove that file so.

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Another thing that we can do is we can actually move.

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So say we wanted to move test out text and we wanted to put that into downloads OK.

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Now if we less test that text is now gone from this folder because we've moved it we haven't made a

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copy we've actually physically moved it away.

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So now if we LSI actually let's just tab up you can see that test that text is now in there and I'm

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going to remove that here OK and now the last thing I want to show you is the locate feature.

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So if we wanted to locate a file say I wanted to locate Bash let's see so we're looking for a file and

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we're gonna get more specific along the way.

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But if you type in locate you can kind of look through a system to see if you can find it.

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Now I'm looking for.

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Say any type of bin bash or bin our Bash.

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That's fine.

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That's really what I want.

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But it shows you everything with bash in it.

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Now this might not work right away.

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Well you might need to do is update the database so you type and update DV it updates everything for

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you and then you can use locate again.

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So it has to build that database of the information that it's finding in order to locate what you're

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searching for.

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So make sure that you use update DV sort of frequently OK.

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So two more things I want to show you and then we'll close out this video and move on to the next one.

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So an important thing you want to do with your new account is we're using a default password and that's

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not very secure.

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So to change a password for our user we can just type in P.A. SS WD and now it's going to ask us for

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a password.

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So instead of using Tor we can use something else.

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I'm going to type in the very secure password as my password for an example here.

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But if you plan on using this machine for future reference you can type in a secure password and kind

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of keep it.

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So lastly I want to show you is something called man.

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So man pages man pages are your instructions for any command that you're running.

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Most commands come with a man page.

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So let's say we want to look at L S we can say man l s and then it's going to give us all this information

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here about L S.

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So if you see it says l us as list directory contents.

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Awesome.

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And then it gives you will options we can do well we can do a dash a for all what you saw earlier and

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you can kind of scroll through here and just see exactly what it has to offer.

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And that's kind of it.

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So when you go through here you can kind of you know if you're struggling to you know there's a command

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in there but you're not sure exactly what the command is.

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You can type in Man and search it and sometimes you can do.

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Alas I don't know if this is going to work but dash dash help and you get some information as well.

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It doesn't provide you the full man pages but it provides you something pretty close.

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So that's kind of just your way around if you ever get stuck something to look for.

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OK.

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So that's it for this lesson.

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Next we're going to move on to users and privileges how to add users and how to how to change some pseudocode

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and some modifications to our file permissions.