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All right welcome to the last lesson in video.

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So in this video we are going to be scripting with Bash.

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Now this may seem a little overwhelming at first.

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What we're going to be doing is building out a ping sweeper script.

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It's going to be pretty basic.

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And what I want you to do is maybe just watch this video once and then the second time through really

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try to follow along with it.

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Take notes etc. I think a first time watch through you know just to get the concepts.

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Understand what I'm doing.

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And then the second time really really get hands on with it.

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And I think that will be probably the best way to learn.

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But if you have a different learning style please do go ahead and try that as well.

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The only thing I can say is don't let this intimidate you.

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Hopefully by the time the video's over with you will have a pretty good understanding on a basic scripting

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and how scripting can really be beneficial and improve our timing improve automation etc..

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So let's go ahead and quickly talk about some of the things are we learning in this video faces some

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of the commands and items are going to learn.

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We're going to talk about grep which is going to allow us to narrow down some results.

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We're also going to talk about cut and T are both of those are also going to help us narrow down some

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results.

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So basically we're going to start with a ping that we're going to send out and we're going to want to

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gather information back that says that ping was valid.

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So we want to know any computer that responded to us.

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Well how are we going to do that.

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Well we need to identify what a valid ping looks like.

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We're going to use grep to to kind of narrow down a string or a sentence or something that identifies

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with a positive ping and then we're going to cut out everything we don't want and use TR as well to

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cut some things out that we don't want.

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So we're going to put this into a script when it's all said and done.

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And we're also going to be talking about the usage of for loops and their importance not only with using

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them in this script but how we can use simple one liners to do everyday things for us.

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So I'll show you at the end of the video how we're going to use that and map and use a for loop with

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n map to run through and map script.

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So stay tuned through the video again if you are a hands on learner maybe first time through you.

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You try hands on but my recommendation here is to just sit back watch the video understand what's going

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on.

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Second time really follow along with it.

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Take notes and get the most that you can.

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This lesson.

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So let's go ahead and get started.

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All right.

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So now we're going to be covering bash scripting so the first thing we're going to do to cover before

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we get into writing our scripts is how to narrow down results.

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And we say narrowing down results.

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What we're saying is forgiving a block of text and we want to extract some information from that block

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of text.

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How are we going to do that.

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So that's all we're going to cover in this lesson.

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OK.

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So let's go ahead and get started.

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Well we're going to be doing today is narrowing down a ping result.

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So if we come into here and we need to paying an IP address within our system.

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So I'm going to be pinging 1 9 2 1 6 8 dot 1 dot 90 and you're going to see that it returns a sixty

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four bytes from that address.

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So it looks like we're getting a response.

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I'm going to hit control see here.

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So if you remember from the networking section we actually get a response unlimited until we cancel

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it right.

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Like we just controlled see here from ping.

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So there's another thing that we can do if we only want to send one packet and see if it's alive or

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not we can do a dash C of one.

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So we're just gonna do that so that's account of one we're sending one packet over if we set 10.

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It would send 10 packets over if that makes sense.

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So now we're going to do is we're gonna put this into a text file.

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So if you remember from previous video we just use this little carrot here and I'm going to call this

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IP that text OK.

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And if we can IP that text you'll see the same results there.

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So now what we're gonna want to do is we're gonna want to narrow this down.

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What do I want to extract from here.

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Well I want to extract this IP address and it'll make more sense when we get into the scripting part.

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But what we're gonna do is we're gonna get out specifically of this this IP address from this line.

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Now we're interested in actually is a returned IP address that has a valid response.

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Right.

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So if I were to attack or if I were to enter in here say 15 dot 90 OK there's no response there.

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So this is kind of what it looks like when it doesn't get a response back.

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It just kind of lingers.

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And then we hit control C and it says zero pinging statistics right.

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Nothing was was received back.

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So what we see when we get a response back is we see sixty four bytes when there's no response back.

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We don't have any bytes.

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So if we're doing a sweep through a network which we're going to be doing later we need to be able to

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narrow down these results.

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So if we're sending say 1 9 to that 1 6 8 that one that one all the way through 255 and we want to see

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who responds back and then take that list and narrow it down to the IP addresses which is exactly we're

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going to be doing we need to know how to narrow that down.

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So what we're gonna be narrowing down on specifically is the sixty 64 bytes.

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So lets tab up a couple times to this cat IP address and we're gonna do a pipe in the pipe just means

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we're gonna add an additional command here.

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So the additional command we're going to do is called grep grep is going to grab any line with what

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you specify.

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So let's specify sixty four bytes and see what happens see now if you noticed we had all of these lines

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before and now a group is doing is grep is taking only the lines that contain sixty four bytes.

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So again a valid response.

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So we have sixty four bytes here and we have achieved a response.

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So what we're going to do now is we're going to narrow this down some more.

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OK we've got this line here.

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But again we're still trying to extract this IP address.

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So how can we do that.

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Well there is a tool called cut.

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So if we tap up again and we do another pipe because they're sending a new command we're going to say

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cut and cut syntax.

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It looks like this and I'll explain it once I type it out here.

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OK so we have cut and then this hyphen D.

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That's a delimiter.

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So the delimiter is what we're going to be cutting on.

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So we're giving a delimiter of a space meaning here's a space here's the space here's a space.

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So we're gonna be cutting on these spaces and then we give a field.

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We say OK what field do we want to retrieve back from this cut.

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OK.

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We want to field for.

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If you look one two three four in the fourth field is our IP address.

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So it's gonna say OK I'm going to cut on this space I'm gonna cut in this space I'm going to cut on

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this space and then I can take it right here.

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Now if we identified field five we would be taking this fully identified field three we were taking

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from let's go ahead and just hit enter and see what that looks like OK.

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So now we are narrow down even more.

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But there's an issue here.

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If we were to try to send this IP address we would have this little colon here attached onto it and

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you can't ping with that IP address.

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So we're gonna be doing a sweep or narrowing down this list then we're gonna actually need to remove

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this guy here.

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So let's take a look at how we do that.

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So if we tap up again and again we're going to add a pipe.

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Now we're gonna use a command called TR and TR just means translate what we're gonna be doing is another

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delimiter.

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So dash D there and we're going to be taking out that call.

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So it should look something like this.

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If we hit Enter now you can see that that Colon has been removed.

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OK now let's talk about how we can use this information to write out a script.

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We're going to start with a basic script and we can add upon it as we go.

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So I've gone ahead and written out a script but we're going to talk about it very slowly so you can

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actually look at it and copy it down.

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So what we're going to do is go ahead and say get it and I called this IP sweep that S H.

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So go ahead and do the same or something similar to enter so let's take a look at this script so at

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the very top here we have to declare what we're doing.

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So we're going to give a hash bang and we do this with any scripting language.

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So if was or Python we'd be entering Python here but this is bash.

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So we're gonna be doing a forward slash bean forward slash bash that declares that we're running a bash

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script and the DSH also indicates that we're running a bash script so I want you to ignore this line

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here in this line here for now.

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Let's talk about this line.

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This should look very very familiar.

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So we're doing in this line we are saying we're going to ping with a count of one which we talked about

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and then we're going to do something here.

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We've got a dollar sign one and a dollar sign.

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IP let's just ignore that for now OK so we're gonna go ahead and do the rest.

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That should look familiar.

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We're gonna say run a grab sixty bytes.

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We're gonna cut the delimiter of a space feel the floor and then we're going to do a translate right

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and take off that little bit at the end.

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OK I added Ampersand here at the end.

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So an ad first hand allows us to do threading.

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So that's exactly why it's in there.

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If we didn't we'd have to let the process go.

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One IP at a time and we'll talk about that in a second as well.

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So let's talk about this for line so a for loop is what we're actually running here and the loop is

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saying I want to do an IP address.

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We're just declaring a variable here you can call it whatever you want.

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Or we're saying hey for this IP in a sequence of 1 through 254 we're gonna do something in that do as

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a pain.

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So what this means is for IP and if we think about it in sequence 1 through 250 for what it's saying

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is 1 2 3 4 all the way up to 254.

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OK.

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So think about it this way if we say 4 1 in this ping sweep we're gonna do that right.

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So we're gonna say 4 1 4 2 4 3 all the way through 254.

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That's what this loop is doing.

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So it's very very simple loop.

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Now IP is replaced down here at the very end.

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Now we're also calling out this dollar sign 1.

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Now this dollar sign 1 is user input.

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So we're going to actually do something.

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This is called IP sweep right.

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So we're gonna have to call out this IP sweep something like this sage and then we're going to have

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to give out some information.

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It's going to request information if we don't provide it.

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It won't know how to ping.

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So we're gonna do is we're gonna say the first three octet of our home network.

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So of yours is 1 9 2 1 6 8.

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That one like mine is then you just enter 1 9 2 1 6 8 1.

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Now we could also for simplicity just hard code this so we can say 1 9 2 1 6 8 dot 1 dot IP address

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and it would be fine.

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We don't have to build the set.

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The only reason we're not hard coding it is because you can do multiple pings slaves is going to be

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a ping sleep script for you in the future if you're on a different network or you just want to write

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something out really quick dollar sign one.

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Works perfect.

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But if you want to leave it hard coded like this it will also work.

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So let's go ahead and just delete this out.

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I'm going to put this into dollar sign 1 again to have a proof of concept and then we are going to run

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this.

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So all we do here at the end is declare done if we didn't run this with an ampersand here we would have

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to add a semicolon similar to this but because we are having an ampersand we can actually get rid of

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that and just put that back just for some syntax clarity here.

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OK so let's go ahead and save this

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and remember from our lesson we're gonna have to change the mode of our script because it's not executable

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by default.

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So we're gonna do a plus X here and then we're gonna call our IP sweep the h we can l s and make sure

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it's green.

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Here's IPC if the S H.

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And then we'll do a dot for it slash IP sweep to S H.

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And I'm not going to enter anything in as one to show proof of concept so see it ran through every single

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number here and threading and name or service not knowing because we didn't provide an IP address.

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So what we can do here is we need to provide that IP address 1 6 8 that one hit Enter okay and it pulls

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back some information so what we can do with this information.

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Let's write this out to a file so let's just call this IP list.

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That text.

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Something like this OK.

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It's done.

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Now let's just cut out the IP list.

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Text OK.

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Now we have an IP list of the IP is in our network that we just swept right and we can use this information

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later on.

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But before we go into that I do want to go back and just improve our script a very very tiny bit.

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So let's go ahead and just tab up a couple of times so we get to our edit and let me show you how we

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can improve this script.

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It doesn't have to be overly complicated.

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What we can do is we can say something like this we can come in here and give an if statement.

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So if his condition.

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All right we're gonna say if this exists then do something.

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And if it doesn't exist do something else.

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So we're gonna say if dollar sign 1 is equal to nothing we're going to give it blank space here and

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then we're gonna say then we want to do something.

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So what are we going to do.

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We can echo out something similar to you forgot an IP address and then echo out what you need to do

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like syntax

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that slash ping suite or IP suite is what we call this IP suite.

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That s h and then IP or we can even write it out.

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An example right.

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Something like that.

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So that way our user if they're using it we wrote this for somebody else.

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They know we're talking about it at the very end.

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We just need to write if backwards.

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We'll put it FDI.

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So what this is saying is if this is not an echo here right we're going to echo these and then we need

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to add one other thing here which is it.

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Else go ahead and hit enter just the spaces out of it.

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So if we have no dollar sign one declared.

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Right.

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If we have nothing entered in we're gonna say echo you forgot an IP address and syntax here.

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If we do have something in dollar sign one.

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OK.

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We're gonna do something else we're gonna do our pink suite and that's it.

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So this is very similar and modified from Georgia wide means that I've got a long time ago so full credit

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goes to her for this little script.

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It was very very easy to learn and it's also very easy to teach.

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So let's go ahead and just run this one more time we're gonna say IP sweep the s h and look what happens

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now it says you forgot an IP address.

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Now we can declare a number and there anything in the script is not perfect right.

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We're expecting three octet and we could give it a 1 and it's still going to do something like that

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which is incorrect right.

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So we need to be able to to modify this down more but that gets really advanced scripting into declaring

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that needs to be three act tatts and if you don't provide those then what.

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And that just gets more advanced so we really just need to know hey what we're doing here.

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Very basic script for ourselves and something to remember.

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OK.

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Let's clear our screen.

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Last thing I want to show you.

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So we've been able to write a script out but we can also do looping in one line.

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And this is where it becomes kind of fun.

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So we have this IP list right.

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We did a cat IP list that Tex.

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Now let's say we've got this IP list together and we want to do an end map scan on all of these IP.

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Now we could just say and map and type in the syntax you want and the IP address of it for every single

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one of these starting new tab.

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And let that happen or you could do something in a for loop so we can write the same for loop that we

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did before.

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We're gonna say for IP and then we're we're gonna do is we're gonna write a dollar sign and we're gonna

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cat the IP list that text.

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So all it does is is bringing out this list that we have here and it's saying OK for this IP this IP

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this IP set we're going to run through all of these.

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That's what the loop does.

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Right.

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OK.

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We're gonna do our semicolon then we're going to tell it to do something right.

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So what do we want to do.

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OK let's run it and map script.

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So we're gonna say do and map and we'll ping or we'll do a port Port 80 on all of these and we'll say

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stealth scan that port 80 and we'll do T4 for a speed and that should be it.

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So then we can do.

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Done like this and let it run through one at a time.

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We can also do the ampersand and let it run multiples like this.

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We can hit enter and see what that does.

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But I also forgot one thing here forgot to declare the IP address.

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So let's talk about it real quick.

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So we've got a very very simple one liner and you're going to see one liners a lot.

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If you get into ethical hacking and just allows us to do things quickly and scripted.

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So we got four IP address in this list.

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So every IP in this list we're gonna loop through when we do that loop.

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We're gonna do and map we do a quick stealth scan of port 80 T4 and we're gonna say declare the IP address

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if you're not comfortable and map.

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That's OK.

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This is purely an example and something you will see in your career.

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I will make a scripting video at some point for and map and we'll cover and map more in detail.

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So let's go ahead and just hit enter.

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OK.

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I messed up my syntax.

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So what's going on.

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OK.

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So for IP in this cut deleted for IP and cat IP let's try this one more time so we just did all these

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scans seven scans at once and what we did is you see these are the processes that are starting.

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So it started up eight processes actually not seven and it's just running through this list doing the

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scans and we're gonna go ahead and just kind of look at it.

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So it says Okay on one dot Seventy four is eighty open it's open.

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Okay.

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And then on two fifty four is eighty open it's open and then you see filter down here where it's not

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running filtered filtered same thing.

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So we can hit control C or hit enter for done.

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And that's pretty much it.

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So what we just did is we ran AMF scans at one time instead of having to copy and paste these.

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So it's just a little bit of what scripting can do.

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It does get more advanced but be able to know a one line for loop is a really really important.

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If you go into penetration testing and it's just important in basic bash scripting as well.

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So that's it for this lesson.

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I will catch you guys over in the next lesson when we start on introductory Python.