1
00:00:00,510 --> 00:00:03,780
We can use Ent. and long variables to store whole numbers.

2
00:00:05,510 --> 00:00:10,550
You've already used in variables to store small hole numbers, but what if I told you that in variables

3
00:00:10,550 --> 00:00:13,070
have a limit on the range of numbers that they can store?

4
00:00:13,860 --> 00:00:19,400
They can only store numbers below the two billion range, two billion and hundred and forty seven million,

5
00:00:19,400 --> 00:00:20,360
to be exact.

6
00:00:22,380 --> 00:00:27,000
So in this lesson, you're going to learn the difference between Entin long as well as when it's appropriate

7
00:00:27,000 --> 00:00:29,070
to use as opposed to long.

8
00:00:30,280 --> 00:00:35,140
The first thing I'll need you to do is create a new class by yourself inside the section to project

9
00:00:35,620 --> 00:00:41,440
create a new file named Hole Numbers, Dot Java and make sure the whole numbers class has the main method.

10
00:00:48,210 --> 00:00:53,240
The invariable type stores, whole numbers you've already used into our first lesson on variables,

11
00:00:53,250 --> 00:00:59,130
but it never hurts to review, you need to include three things when defining an end variable, the

12
00:00:59,130 --> 00:01:03,660
variable type int such that this variable can only store in values.

13
00:01:04,190 --> 00:01:07,300
You need to include the variable name and the integer that you want to store.

14
00:01:08,100 --> 00:01:10,200
This code creates a variable called people.

15
00:01:10,200 --> 00:01:12,270
Which store is an integer value of six.

16
00:01:13,300 --> 00:01:16,960
You've seen this stuff before, but there's another thing you should know about in variables, they

17
00:01:16,960 --> 00:01:19,660
have a range in variables.

18
00:01:19,660 --> 00:01:22,930
Can store numbers between negative two billion and positive two billion.

19
00:01:26,690 --> 00:01:30,890
So when the whole numbers class, we're in to create variable named no offense.

20
00:01:31,790 --> 00:01:36,050
And number of fans.

21
00:01:37,340 --> 00:01:39,590
Is equal to 5000.

22
00:01:43,510 --> 00:01:50,830
We're going to print the number of fense system, dot out, dot print line, no offense.

23
00:01:51,850 --> 00:01:58,240
And you know, what we're actually printed as part of a sentence will say there are break the string,

24
00:01:58,870 --> 00:02:04,480
insert the no offense value into the string and we'll reconnect the string to more text.

25
00:02:06,030 --> 00:02:08,250
Fans at the Quidditch Games.

26
00:02:13,700 --> 00:02:16,010
Don't forget that white space where necessary.

27
00:02:19,340 --> 00:02:21,380
And now we can compile our code.

28
00:02:26,280 --> 00:02:27,450
And run its.

29
00:02:33,050 --> 00:02:39,910
And there are 5000 fans at the Quidditch games, the variable number of fans stores, the Valley 5000,

30
00:02:40,400 --> 00:02:42,560
and we printed the value from within a drink.

31
00:02:43,610 --> 00:02:48,950
Now, five thousand is a relatively small number, what happens if we try to store the global population

32
00:02:48,950 --> 00:02:52,190
as an it so into global population?

33
00:02:56,740 --> 00:02:58,580
Is equal to seven billion.

34
00:02:59,410 --> 00:03:01,120
That would be nine zeros.

35
00:03:03,920 --> 00:03:08,420
And I know this code's not going to comply right now, but let's print the value anyway as a part of

36
00:03:08,420 --> 00:03:12,110
a string system that our print line.

37
00:03:21,950 --> 00:03:25,580
Break the string, insert the global population value.

38
00:03:27,200 --> 00:03:30,070
And reconnect the strength to say people on earth.

39
00:03:38,410 --> 00:03:45,790
I'm going to compile my code, and to no surprise, the code doesn't compile the cynosure value is too

40
00:03:45,790 --> 00:03:52,510
large to store, remember, and variables can only store numbers inside the two billion range beyond

41
00:03:52,510 --> 00:03:53,180
this range.

42
00:03:53,200 --> 00:03:54,450
Java throws an error.

43
00:03:55,090 --> 00:03:58,420
So if it can't handle large numbers, what do we do now?

44
00:04:01,800 --> 00:04:07,800
Well, it's for this exact reason why we have the long type, the long type can store a large hole numbers.

45
00:04:09,870 --> 00:04:15,630
And we need to include three things to define a long variable, the long type, of course, and the

46
00:04:15,630 --> 00:04:22,079
long type gives a variable the capacity to store very big numbers, the name of your variable, as always,

47
00:04:22,079 --> 00:04:23,490
and a long value.

48
00:04:24,240 --> 00:04:29,400
Notice the L the reassures Java that you're using long to store big numbers.

49
00:04:30,180 --> 00:04:35,940
This code creates a variable called population in the variable stores along value of seven billion eight

50
00:04:35,940 --> 00:04:36,740
hundred million.

51
00:04:37,560 --> 00:04:40,890
But like int even long variables have a range.

52
00:04:42,060 --> 00:04:47,520
The long type can numbers that reach up to nine quintillion, that's more than enough space to store

53
00:04:47,520 --> 00:04:50,750
the global population or any number of things, really.

54
00:04:50,940 --> 00:04:52,110
It's a very big number.

55
00:04:52,710 --> 00:04:54,350
Nine quintillion is a lot.

56
00:04:55,170 --> 00:04:58,230
So we'll rewrite the global population as a long variable.

57
00:04:59,180 --> 00:05:02,220
Long global population is equal to seven billion.

58
00:05:03,380 --> 00:05:06,260
Now, if you were to compile this code, you'd still get an error.

59
00:05:06,540 --> 00:05:09,800
The compiler isn't sure how you intend to store the big number.

60
00:05:10,340 --> 00:05:11,870
So don't forget to add the URL.

61
00:05:12,470 --> 00:05:17,480
This basically tells Djavad, don't worry, I'm going to use the long type to store this big number

62
00:05:18,620 --> 00:05:20,030
and it seems like that's going to work.

63
00:05:20,090 --> 00:05:20,980
The warning is gone.

64
00:05:20,990 --> 00:05:26,420
So when I compile this code and run it and awesome.

65
00:05:26,420 --> 00:05:28,880
Now you know how to store large numbers in Java.

66
00:05:29,780 --> 00:05:35,330
The variable global population stores the value seven billion which you printed from within a string.

67
00:05:37,470 --> 00:05:40,660
And you might be thinking, spare me, when will I ever need long?

68
00:05:41,550 --> 00:05:47,390
Honestly, I barely use it because the numbers I work with tend to be inside of a reasonable range.

69
00:05:48,030 --> 00:05:49,950
But, you know, it can be relevant.

70
00:05:50,610 --> 00:05:56,760
Let's assume for whatever reason, you want to store the number of daily Google searches, which happens

71
00:05:56,760 --> 00:05:57,780
to be five billion.

72
00:05:58,650 --> 00:06:02,760
So if I tried to write in daily Google searches.

73
00:06:08,730 --> 00:06:10,680
Is equal to five billion.

74
00:06:11,810 --> 00:06:17,330
In this case, five billion is not a number we can start with, and so job is going to force you to

75
00:06:17,330 --> 00:06:18,080
use long.

76
00:06:19,140 --> 00:06:24,600
So we're going to change the data typed along and add the L to reassure Java that, yes, we are going

77
00:06:24,600 --> 00:06:26,630
to use long to store this very big number.

78
00:06:27,900 --> 00:06:31,530
And while we're at it, let's print this number from within a string.

79
00:06:33,330 --> 00:06:36,120
There are break the string.

80
00:06:38,020 --> 00:06:44,050
But the number of Google searches value daily, there are X amount of Google searches.

81
00:06:47,280 --> 00:06:49,860
OK, compile the code.

82
00:06:54,080 --> 00:06:55,340
And we're looking good.

83
00:06:59,150 --> 00:07:04,550
Now, you might be asking, why not always use long, the long type can store a bigger range of numbers,

84
00:07:04,550 --> 00:07:06,160
so why not always use it?

85
00:07:07,010 --> 00:07:09,900
Once again, this goes back to performance and memory.

86
00:07:10,730 --> 00:07:13,280
Let's say you're selling a house and you need to move your stuff.

87
00:07:14,090 --> 00:07:19,210
And one box is the size of a few bucks while the other box is the size of a truck.

88
00:07:20,180 --> 00:07:25,250
If you want a place, a couple of T-shirts in one of the boxes, which box do you put your T-shirts

89
00:07:25,250 --> 00:07:25,460
and.

90
00:07:26,490 --> 00:07:34,470
Well, a sensible person would choose the small box because the less space a box takes up, the easier

91
00:07:34,470 --> 00:07:35,700
it's going to be to move around.

92
00:07:36,360 --> 00:07:41,470
And in the context of code, saving memory can make your application perform better.

93
00:07:41,880 --> 00:07:47,670
So into variables only take up four bytes in memory because they store a smaller range of numbers.

94
00:07:48,330 --> 00:07:54,640
But long variables need the capacity to store bigger numbers, so they take up eight bytes.

95
00:07:55,500 --> 00:08:01,440
So if you want your Java program to perform better, use it to store small numbers inside the two billion

96
00:08:01,440 --> 00:08:01,860
range.

97
00:08:02,520 --> 00:08:09,720
And in the very rare case that you need to store very large numbers, then use long and for the same

98
00:08:09,720 --> 00:08:13,800
reasons you would use car to store single characters, not string.

99
00:08:16,370 --> 00:08:22,070
So in this video, you created a and long variables into variables can only store values inside the

100
00:08:22,070 --> 00:08:27,410
two billion range, whereas long variables have the capacity to store much larger numbers.

101
00:08:28,130 --> 00:08:33,950
So we asked ourselves, why not always use long while enough variables are faster and take up less memory?

102
00:08:34,669 --> 00:08:37,250
The number is small enough to use and then use int.

103
00:08:39,230 --> 00:08:44,420
First, you made an into variable that stores the value 5000 and you printed the value from inside a

104
00:08:44,440 --> 00:08:44,990
string.

105
00:08:47,430 --> 00:08:53,280
Then you tried to store of value of seven billion inside an invariable Angela through an error when

106
00:08:53,280 --> 00:08:56,570
the number starts to exceed the billions we have to use long.

107
00:08:57,180 --> 00:09:02,630
So we ended up using long to store the global population and everything worked out accordingly.