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All right guys. It is a new week and we are on to a new topic.
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So for all of you guys who are still sticking with me, a big pat on the back, because we are now going
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to do more and more exciting things as we learn more
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and as we go along.
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So today I'm going to talk about Bootstrap, and this is what's called a front end library.
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Now, you'll hear these words quite often: front end, back end, interface... What does it all mean?
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So, this cartoon is one of the ways that best represents this concept.
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So the front end is basically what the user sees. It’s the beautiful mermaid. It’s the face of your web
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site or your mobile app.
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Now the back end tends to reside on the server, and is basically behind the scenes sort of business logic
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of how your web site or how your app is going to work,
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so things that it has to do.
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So this is where you code a lot of the functionality of the web site or the app.
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So you've got your web sites and your apps that can be designed to have a beautiful user interface,
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and, you know, things like animations or buttons.
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Basically whatever the user sees is the front end.
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Now in the back you've got the server, you've got the databases, you know, less exciting, less pretty,
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but nonetheless it's a really really important part of any web site or app, because it's going to determine
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how everything is going to work.
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These two parts will need to talk to each other in order for data to be delivered.
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So for example if you're AirBnB, then in the back end you've got your listings, you can search and
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query for them, and then you can deliver them to the front end, say the web site or the app.
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Now this division is the front end back end division.
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And usually you'll see different languages being used for the front end and the back end.
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So on the front we'll be using things like HTML, CSS, Javascript, and this is a lot of the stuff that
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you see in web design. Now on the back end you have slightly more powerful languages like C#, Ruby,
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PHP, Java, NodeJS,
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or SQL
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if you're dealing with databases. And this is what will enable your web apps. And it will give your web site
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functionality, business logic, data storage, and a whole bunch of really exciting things that we're going
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to explore later on in the course.
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Now Bootstrap is very firmly on the front end.
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It's a bunch of code that was written to be reusable that you can drop into your site and it'll make
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designing the web site much much easier for you.
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Now Bootstrap was originally developed by Twitter in order to try and get more consistence across web sites
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that they design.
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But since then they've made it free and open source,
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so that means you can see all of the source code on GitHub.
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And in fact if you go there you'll notice that it has a whopping 122,000 stars, and
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it's in fact the second most starred repository on all of GitHub, so that just shows you how popular
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it is.
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And this is definitely the most popular front end framework or library that you'll ever come across.
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Now what does it allow you to do?
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Well, one of the most important things is that, as the number of users are moving away from desktop towards
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mobile, a lot of web sites need to be responsive.
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Now this is probably not the best term for what this means, because when people think responsive they
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think, ‘Oh, it has to be fast’, or, you know, ‘It has to load up immediately’.
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But actually that's not what responsive is at all. Responsive just means that it responds to the viewport.
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So that means if you're looking at the same web site on mobile or on iPad or on desktop it should have
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a different layout to be able to best take advantage of the size of the screen real estate.
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So I think a better word would almost be something like adaptable layout.
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So your web site changes its design depending on where it's being displayed. And Bootstrap makes this
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super super easy as we'll see in the coming lessons. Now
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the other really awesome thing about Bootstrap is that you get access to a whole bunch of pre-styled
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elements that you can simply just drop into your code with very very minimal effort.
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So let me show you how it works.
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Now remember how in the last module in order to create a button that was styled and it had a hover state
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and it looked generally nice we had to go to CSS Button Generator and put in the requirements that
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we needed, and it generated a whole bunch of CSS code that either we had to write or we had to find
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somewhere like the CSS Button Generator where it would generate this code for you.
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What about things that are not buttons?
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What if you wanted a slider or a navigation bar? Then, you know, if there isn't a generator out there then
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you would have to write all of this code yourself.
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Now if we copy this code and we go over to Code Ply. And the reason why we're using Code Ply rather
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than Code Pen is because they are a playground that allows you to include these frameworks, for example
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Bootstrap and a number of other ones.
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So let's go ahead and create a new playground on here and I'm going to go into the settings and I'm
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going to remove the Bootstrap framework so we have no frameworks, and then I'm going to create a button
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as we did before, and we're going to give it a class of btn, to match what we had over here as the selector,
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and then I'm going to give our button, maybe let's call it Hello World, and let's go ahead and run.
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And then you'll see there's our button.
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This is plain HTML button.
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It looks pretty boring and pretty bland.
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And in order to make it look a bit nicer we have to add all of this code in order to make it look 
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like this and have a hover state.
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Now I want to show you what you can do with Bootstrap.
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You don't need any of this.
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You don't have to write your own CSS code, or you don't have to find it somewhere and paste in snippets.
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All you have to do is add in the Bootstrap framework. And we're going to be working with the latest version
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of Bootstrap, so Bootstrap 4, throughout this course.
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So it's been a long time coming and it was only really released in January 2018.
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So this is a fantastic time to start learning Bootstrap, because you'll be working with the latest
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version and the gold standard.
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So, you know, if you've learnt Bootstrap before, or if you have web sites created using earlier versions,
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even Bootstrap 3, or even some of the alphas, there's been a lot of changes, and it's great that we're
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starting with the proper official version of Bootstrap 4.0.
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So now that we’ve selected our framework, let's go ahead and hit save, and now what we can do is, we can add
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some classes that are predefined by Bootstrap to start styling our button.
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So for example we can say that this is a btn and it's going to be a btn-primary.
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Now if I run that code you'll see that Bootstrap has generated this button for me with no CSS code
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on my part.
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All I needed to do was add in three words in order to activate those selectors so that I can get this
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style.
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And you can see that it's beautifully rounded in its corners, and it's got a hover state, and it just
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generally looks really really nice with very very minimal effort.
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So we can do other things as well.
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So for example if I didn't want the blue one then I can say btn btn-dark, and this will give me
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a nice black colored button.
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Now there's a whole bunch of other types of buttons, for example btn-outline-dark, which gives me a
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outline button and when I hover it,
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it becomes filled. I can make it bigger by just saying btn-lg,
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and that gets me a larger button.
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So let me show you how Bootstrap works.
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Now, in order to do that we can go over to the Bootstrap web site, which is getbootstrap.com, and
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you'll see that we've got version 4.0 selected in the top right corner.
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And I want to just go ahead and download the source code for Bootstrap.
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And once you've done that you should have a folder called bootstrap-4.0 or or 4.1 or whatever it may
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be.
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As long as it's got the 4 in front then we are good to go.
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Now once you open that file, you should see that there's a folder called dist, and inside here there's
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a folder called css.
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Now we're going to go into the bootstrap.css, which is the main CSS file, and you're going to open
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it up inside Atom.
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Now if you scroll through this code you can see that it's got a whole bunch of predefined styles for
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our HTML elements,
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for example the body, or the horizontal rule, or the h1 through to h6, and this isn't new for us.
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We've seen that inside the browser,
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we’ve got this thing called user agent stylesheet, which is the CSS that gets applied to our web sites
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by the browser.
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Now in addition to that if you include Bootstrap on your web site, then it will change the style of your
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elements.
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So if you use a horizontal rule while using Bootstrap, then it will look like this, and it will override some
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of those browser based styles.
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But more importantly to how Bootstrap works is that it's got a whole bunch of classes that they have styled
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and specified code for.
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So that means that if you add a particular class name then it will automatically style it in the way that
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has been specified by the Bootstrap code.
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So let's see that in action.
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I want to show you one of the components that you see a lot on Bootstrap web sites,
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and this is the jumbotron.
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This is basically just a header for your web site, and you can see that they've already specified styles,
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for example the padding, the margin, the background color, the border radius, and all we need to do is just
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go into our code and add this class.
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So I'm going to delete the button class and I'm going to create a div that has a class called jumbotron.
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And inside this div I'm just going to create a h1 that says Hello World,
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because remember that divs have no dimension themselves unless they have some content.
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So let's hit run, and you can see that we've got this brilliant jumbotron that is going to occupy and
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I can pop this out to show you what the web site would look like as it is.
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So you've got this header, which is the jumbotron, and you've got your h1, which has been styled by Bootstrap
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to have a different font and different size from what you would normally see if you just had HTML,
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and all I need to do to get all of this was just to include the class jumbotron.
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Now if you have a look on Bootstrap and you go into the documentation and look through its components,
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you'll find that there is the jumbotron, and they tell you exactly how you can use this particular class
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to get something that looks like this or like this just by including some of their pre-specified classes.
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So if you wanted to recreate this design here, then you could just copy their code snippet and paste it
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into here.
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And because we've already got Bootstrap installed on this playground, then if we just hit run and we
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can pop this out, you can see that you've got this enabled on your web site.
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And there was literally zero effort.
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So if you liked this particular format then you could just go in here and change the text and change
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the background color, for example, and you would already have a pretty nicely styled web site.
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Now that's not all.
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If you go into Bootstrap and you go to Examples, you can see that they've created more extensive
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components using Bootstrap.
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For example, if you ever wanted the Apple web site designed, then you can simply look at their product
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example, and in fact if you go into that download that you had previously for bootstrap-4.0 and you go
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into docs and you go into 4.0 or 4.1 or whatever your version may be, then you go into examples, and
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you can see it's got all of the examples that they show here.
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For example Pricing, Checkout, Product, Album, and if you open up index.html, you can see that this
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is what the site looks like and you can view all of the code that was required to create this inside
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Atom.
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So this is the HTML that they wrote, and this is some custom CSS that modifies the bootstrap and customizes it
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it a little bit.
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So say if this is the web site that you wanted to make,
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so say you wanted to make a company that was an Apple rip off like Grapple, then you could make this web
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site by simply copying this product.css and index.html file, and then modifying the text.
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So for example this is the h1.
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You could just change it to whatever you want to call it for your web site, you know,
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Grapple. And now if you refresh, here’s your web site. So you modify a lot of these examples very easily.
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Or you can simply add these components by copying the code into your web site. But instead of just modifying
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these examples let's take it step by step so that we really understand what we're doing.
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And I want to show you exactly how Bootstrap works so that you can not just, you know, rip off these designs,
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but you'll be able to design any sort of layout or design that you want by fully understanding this
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framework.
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So the first thing that we need to do is that we need to know how we can install Bootstrap onto our
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web sites when we're not using something that's pre-loaded up like on Code Ply.
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So in the next lesson we'll be showing you all the different ways how you can install Bootstrap onto
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your own web site.
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So for all of that and more I'll see you on the next lesson.