1 00:00:00,120 --> 00:00:04,550 Next up, we've got two very simple string functions upper and lower. 2 00:00:04,560 --> 00:00:10,710 They help us change the casing of a string so upper will make a string uppercase instead of Hello world, 3 00:00:10,710 --> 00:00:11,910 we get Hello world. 4 00:00:11,910 --> 00:00:16,079 And instead of I don't know how you would say this out loud. 5 00:00:16,079 --> 00:00:21,090 Hello world, we get Hello world lowercase, right? 6 00:00:21,120 --> 00:00:23,160 It's just upper versus lower. 7 00:00:23,250 --> 00:00:25,080 That's really all that there is. 8 00:00:25,350 --> 00:00:36,390 There are a couple of aliases or shorter versions, so upper is also callable as you case and lower 9 00:00:36,540 --> 00:00:41,370 is callable as they show this somewhere on here L case. 10 00:00:41,370 --> 00:00:43,260 So I'll prove that real quick. 11 00:00:43,710 --> 00:00:46,140 Let's do select upper. 12 00:00:47,410 --> 00:00:48,220 Hello. 13 00:00:49,820 --> 00:00:50,520 And we get. 14 00:00:50,540 --> 00:00:51,290 Hello. 15 00:00:52,340 --> 00:00:54,170 If I do, you case. 16 00:00:55,490 --> 00:00:56,730 I get the same result. 17 00:00:56,750 --> 00:01:04,580 Now, if I have some uppercase string or some upper and lowercase string like that and I do lower, 18 00:01:05,180 --> 00:01:07,520 the whole thing is lowercase and same thing. 19 00:01:07,520 --> 00:01:08,120 No surprise. 20 00:01:08,120 --> 00:01:12,110 Hopefully if I do LX case, we get the lowercase version. 21 00:01:12,110 --> 00:01:12,980 Same thing. 22 00:01:13,490 --> 00:01:17,120 So why don't we try a simple example, but select? 23 00:01:17,270 --> 00:01:19,340 Let's see, what are the columns we have? 24 00:01:19,460 --> 00:01:23,510 Let's do select star from books. 25 00:01:24,340 --> 00:01:27,640 And let's take the book title. 26 00:01:27,850 --> 00:01:35,620 So select and let's uppercase the title upper title from books. 27 00:01:36,280 --> 00:01:37,330 And there we are. 28 00:01:37,660 --> 00:01:40,750 Now, here's a quick little bonus exercise. 29 00:01:40,750 --> 00:01:47,560 I want you and I'll do it as well to write a query that generates a column where the results look like 30 00:01:47,560 --> 00:01:47,920 this. 31 00:01:47,950 --> 00:01:49,060 I'll just type it out here. 32 00:01:49,060 --> 00:01:53,080 I want it to look like I love the namesake. 33 00:01:53,080 --> 00:01:55,840 Exclamation point, exclamation point, exclamation point. 34 00:01:56,350 --> 00:02:03,550 So I want you to take the word I love and space and always put it in front of the uppercase title and 35 00:02:03,550 --> 00:02:07,000 then at the end do a space with more exclamation points. 36 00:02:07,000 --> 00:02:08,949 So let's try writing that query. 37 00:02:09,580 --> 00:02:11,110 I'll just do it over here for now. 38 00:02:11,110 --> 00:02:13,090 In Workbench. 39 00:02:13,090 --> 00:02:15,490 I keep getting confused between these, but it doesn't matter. 40 00:02:15,500 --> 00:02:16,780 We've got different options. 41 00:02:16,780 --> 00:02:17,860 SQL doesn't matter. 42 00:02:17,860 --> 00:02:19,210 It doesn't care where you write it. 43 00:02:19,300 --> 00:02:24,670 So select and I'm going to concatenate what am I concatenating? 44 00:02:24,820 --> 00:02:29,890 I'm going to start with I love into space and let me use single quotes because I've been harping on 45 00:02:29,890 --> 00:02:35,440 how that's important, or at least a good practice, even if I break that rule subconsciously, because 46 00:02:35,440 --> 00:02:38,410 every other programming language I write wants you to use double quotes. 47 00:02:38,710 --> 00:02:40,000 So I apologize for that. 48 00:02:40,000 --> 00:02:42,040 Anyway, you can cut, I love. 49 00:02:42,040 --> 00:02:48,850 And then instead of just the title, we want upper title, and then after that we want a space. 50 00:02:48,850 --> 00:02:50,350 Three exclamation points. 51 00:02:51,610 --> 00:02:53,510 And this one's simple enough on a single line. 52 00:02:53,530 --> 00:02:54,820 Let's see if it works. 53 00:02:55,890 --> 00:02:56,360 Unknown. 54 00:02:56,430 --> 00:02:57,180 Oh, my gosh. 55 00:02:57,180 --> 00:02:59,580 How am I forgetting from books? 56 00:03:00,180 --> 00:03:02,280 It's the only mistake we have to say where it's coming from. 57 00:03:02,310 --> 00:03:04,140 Of course, what we're selecting from. 58 00:03:04,140 --> 00:03:05,010 And now we get. 59 00:03:05,010 --> 00:03:06,170 I love the namesake. 60 00:03:06,180 --> 00:03:10,890 I love Norse mythology, I love white noise, I love considered the lobster and so on. 61 00:03:11,220 --> 00:03:11,580 All right. 62 00:03:11,580 --> 00:03:16,220 So just a little more practice combining these operations, combining these string functions together. 63 00:03:16,230 --> 00:03:18,570 I know it's all stupid right now. 64 00:03:18,600 --> 00:03:25,380 These are silly things, but eventually we're going to learn how to do things like find the maximum 65 00:03:25,380 --> 00:03:33,240 of a list of values so we could find the longest book in here in terms of pages or in terms of character 66 00:03:33,240 --> 00:03:34,590 length in the title. 67 00:03:34,590 --> 00:03:35,880 But we've got to start somewhere. 68 00:03:35,880 --> 00:03:40,890 This is our first little bit of adding on to basic selections. 69 00:03:40,890 --> 00:03:45,600 We can manipulate the results using these string functions, even if they're very basic and they don't 70 00:03:45,600 --> 00:03:48,270 seem that useful, they are very important to know.