‫Instructor: Hi.
‫So within the previous lectures
‫we have seen many folders
‫inside of the Linux root folder, right,
‫when we opened the file system.
‫We have seen many things like etc, home,
‫mnt, run, stuff like that.
‫So we need to understand what they do
‫and how they are configured or how they are structured.
‫So if you open the file system
‫we can see all the files and folders that I'm talking about.
‫So make sure you're in the file system
‫and you should be seeing all this.
‫So this is the Linux foldering system
‫and it's not only for Kali Linux,
‫it's still more or less the same
‫in other Linux distributions as well.
‫So we need to understand what goes on
‫inside of those things.
‫So it's a little bit different architecture
‫than the Windows.
‫Actually, it's a lot different
‫because assume that you're actually installing a program
‫or a software inside of Windows, right?
‫It just goes under program files,
‫or whatever you may want to state over there.
‫But in the Linux it can go into multiple folders.
‫For example, in the bin folder over here
‫you see the binaries. Okay?
‫So these are the programs,
‫these are the softwares that you execute.
‫For example, when you write ls,
‫or the other comments like this, here you go,
‫there is ls inside of the bin folder.
‫So when you type ls inside of Terminal
‫it executes that binary by looking at this bin folder, okay?
‫But you can find some different files and folders
‫or configurations of ls in other folders.
‫So ls can just sit in there, ls is just an example.
‫But, when we look at the sbin, for example,
‫this is system binaries.
‫So a lot of things that root executes
‫are located inside of this sbin folder.
‫So maybe ls does not have any configuration
‫but the other files and other systems
‫can have configurations scattered around these folders
‫depending on what they are.
‫So it's different than Windows.
‫And in fact, it doesn't create any difference for us
‫because we will see the package managers
‫in the next lecture.
‫It's very easy to install a software inside of Kali Linux
‫but you need to understand how it works
‫in background, right?
‫So, it actually scatters the files and folders
‫depending on what they are,
‫depending on the structure
‫that has been created for us over here.
‫So, let's try to look at some of these folders
‫and at least try to understand what goes inside of those.
‫For example, we have etc or dev over here.
‫For example, inside of dev there are files
‫regarding to hardware like disc files and something.
‫And inside of etc we have configuration files.
‫Again, a binary can be in the bin folder
‫or any other folder that you have installed it to
‫but maybe the configuration files of that binary
‫can be sitting in the etc.
‫So we're gonna use etc a lot during the course
‫and we're gonna use many of them by the way,
‫but you need to understand why we are using them, okay?
‫That's why we are having this lecture.
‫And you may come across this kind of questions
‫in cyber security interviews by the way,
‫they can ask you, what's an etc?
‫What's a var folder? Okay?
‫So, let's go to the var folder while we speak of it.
‫var stands for variables.
‫So we actually store some kind of variable files over here
‫like log files, and we also have the web server
‫inside of this var folder as well.
‫So we're gonna be using this var folder a lot
‫for the www folder. Here you go.
‫That's the one that I'm looking for.
‫And this is the web server file folder
‫that we will be using a lot during this class.
‫So after var, maybe we can go to tmp,
‫which stands for temporary.
‫So, if Binary creates a temporary file and folder
‫they can store it in the tmp folder.
‫They do not necessarily have to store it over here
‫but it's the main convention as you can see.
‫There are temporary folders over there.
‫So maybe they will get deleted automatically
‫after they're done.
‫So home folder, we have already seen this.
‫We actually store the user folders
‫inside of the home folder.
‫Right now, I see the Kali,
‫maybe you are seeing something else.
‫But also, we have the root user folder over here
‫which can be accessed by only the root user
‫as we have seen before. Okay.
‫Root folder can be like the separated
‫from the other users in the root folder
‫root of the file system,
‫so that it can be differentiated as well as in this case.
‫So there is a proc folder and mnt folder
‫right next to them.
‫Proc stores the process information
‫and mnt stores the temporary mounted, for example.
‫I believe there's nothing over here.
‫Okay, let's go to like, media.
‫There is a media folder over there.
‫Media, actually, it isn't media like pictures and stuff.
‫It's drivers and USBs and CD ROMS and stuff
‫inside of the media folder. Okay?
‫So right now I believe you don't have anything
‫other than the CD ROMS that comes like predefined over here.
‫So let's see, we have boot, of course,
‫this is for booting the Kali Linux, okay?
‫We generally don't wanna delete that
‫or any temperament with that, so we just leave it as it is.
‫So, let's see, we have a service folder over here,
‫srv folder. You may find it over here.
‫So, we store the service information,
‫services running inside of Kali Linux over there.
‫So you don't have to go into those folders and do something
‫but you need to understand what they do
‫'cause we're gonna be using those things a lot. Okay?
‫So, let's go and find something.
‫Yeah, user or usr.
‫So generally we store the files that is going to be
‫or the binaries that is going to be created
‫or used by users under this folder.
‫But again, this is not something that is mandatory, okay?
‫There is an opt folder that we can use
‫for optional softwares, optional tools.
‫So we can actually install stuff
‫rather than usr to the opt folder as well.
‫So, we are going to be using those kind of folders
‫in the upcoming lectures and you will see what I mean
‫but you need to understand why we are doing it.
‫So, I'm just showing you all of those stuff.
‫So there are some library folders over there.
‫Again, we don't have to go into library folders
‫or download something to put it over there,
‫but you see what I mean.
‫So there is a collection of folders
‫and every folder has its own meaning, has its own purpose.
‫It's not mandatory in many cases
‫but we're going to be using them,
‫so I believe it was vital for you to understand that.
‫Let's stop here and let's go do something
‫more fun in the next lecture.